Supplementation of L‐glycine and L‐glutamate to Japanese quails from 01 to 36 days of age using the ideal protein concept     

Danilo V. G. Vieira  Jos H. V. Silva  Fernando G. P. Costa  Thiago S. Melo  Matheus R. Lima  Danilo T. Cavalcante  Jos G. de Vargas Júnior  Talita P. Bonaparte  Lorena C. Oliveira 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2019,103(1):116-124

Experiment I: T_1‐1 = basal diet with 25% crude protein (CP) + limiting amino acids (LA); T_1‐2 = 20% CP + LA; T_1‐3 = 20% CP + LA + L‐glycine; T_1‐4 = 20% CP + LA + L‐glutamate; T_1‐5 = 20% CP + LA + L‐glycine + L‐glutamate. Experiment II: T_2‐1 = basal diet with 22% CP + LA; T_2‐2 = 20% CP + LA; T_2‐3 = 17.6% CP + LA + L‐glycine; T_2‐4 = 17.6% CP + LA + L‐glutamate; T_2‐5 = 17.6% CP + LA + L‐glycine + L‐glutamate. The reduction of dietary protein based on the concept of ideal protein decreases nitrogen excretion in quails when L‐glycine is added to the diets. Quails fed diets supplemented with L‐glutamate as the non‐specific nitrogen source equivalent to the nitrogen level of the control diet had increased nitrogen excretion. However, quails had reduced nitrogen excretion in both experiments when L‐glycine was added to diets with L‐glutamate. Carcass fat was increased by reducing dietary protein, but fat deposition was reduced by adding L‐glutamate and L‐glycine, or both. The dietary addition of L‐glutamate and L‐glycine in quails based on the ideal protein concept is not necessary (Exp. I). Although the total nitrogen, electrolytic balance and glycine level were adjusted in diets, quails had decreased performance. Therefore, other hypotheses besides protein reduction need to be studied (Exp. II). Protein reduction with supplementation of only limiting essential amino acids does not affect quail performance. Dietary addition of L‐glycine reduces nitrogen excretion.  相似文献   

Detection of enzootic nasal tumor virus (ENTV) in a sheep flock in southern Brazil     

de Cecco  Bianca Santana  Lorenzett  Marina Paula  Henker  Luan Cleber  Weber  Matheus Nunes  Moséna  Ana Cristina Sbaraini  Baumbach  Letícia  Canal  Cláudio Wageck  Driemeier  David  Pavarini  Saulo Petinatti  Sonne  Luciana 《Tropical animal health and production》2019,51(7):2095-2098

Enzootic nasal tumor (ENT) is a contagious neoplasm associated with enzootic nasal tumor virus (ENTV), which may induce disease in sheep (ENTV-1) and goats (ENTV-2). This study aimed to describe the occurrence of ENT in two Texel sheep (Ovis aries) from a 75-sheep flock, located in the city of Gravataí, southern Brazil. Animals used to be purchased from different origins, and no specific tests for disease monitoring or quarantine procedure were performed. Affected animals presented respiratory distress, anorexia with severe weight loss, and mucopurulent unilateral nasal discharge. Necropsy was performed in both animals and nasal cavity masses were observed. Histopathological analysis demonstrated an epithelial neoplasm compatible with nasal adenocarcinoma. PCR using a protocol that amplifies a 591 bp sequence of 5’LTR-gag region of ENTV1 was performed followed by DNA sequencing. Both samples were positive, and the sequences obtained presented highest identity (97%) with ENTV strain TN28 (GenBank accession number MH899613) detected in a Texel sheep from Scotland. This is the first report of ENTV-1 leading to enzootic nasal tumor in sheep in Latin America, which confirms the presence of the retrovirus in sheep flocks in the Brazilian territory.

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Orange peel fragment improves antioxidant capacity and haematological profile of Nile tilapia subjected to heat/dissolved oxygen‐induced stress     

Igor S. T. Vicente  Luciana F. Fleuri  Pedro L. P. F. Carvalho  Matheus G. Guimares  Rafael F. Naliato  Hinglidj de Carvalho Müller  Maria M. P. Sartori  Luiz E. Pezzato  Margarida M. Barros 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(1):80-92

This study evaluated the ability of orange peel fragment (OPF) to act as a functional feedstuff, influencing growth, haematological profile, and antioxidant enzyme activity of Nile tilapia subjected heat/dissolved oxygen‐induced stress (HDOIS). A group of 440 male Nile tilapia (31.7 g ± 0.34) was randomly distributed in 40 250‐L aquaria (11 fish/tank) and fed five practical diets with graded levels of OPF at 0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, and 0.8% for 70 days. The diets were formulated to contain 30% crude protein and 18 MJ/kg crude energy. After the feeding period, growth performance was evaluated and six fish per treatment were sampled for haematological profile and antioxidant enzyme activity, before and after HDOIS. Then, fish were subjected to HDOIS (32°C/2.3 mg/L dissolved oxygen) for three days and the same haematological profile and antioxidant enzyme activity were determined. There was no effect of OPF on the haematological profile, either before or after HDOIS. The polynomial regression model was used to express the relationship between antioxidant enzymes activity and OPF supplementation level. The maximum activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase was reached at 0.66%, 0.63%, and 0.68% of OPF respectively. Results of the present study suggest that a dietary supplementation level of 0.63%–0.68% of orange peel fragment was appropriate to maintain Nile tilapia haematological profile and improve its antioxidant capacity under HDOIS.  相似文献   

A network meta‐analysis of threats to South American fish biodiversity     

Luis Artur Vales Bezerra  Matheus Oliveira Freitas  Vanessa Salete Daga  Thiago Vinicius Trento Occhi  Larissa Faria  Ana Paula Lula Costa  Andre Andrian Padial  Viviane Prodocimo  Jean Ricardo Simes Vitule 《Fish and Fisheries》2019,20(4):620-639

While environmental alterations have made Homo sapiens the hyperkeystone species of the globe, biotic homogenization initiated a new era, the “Homogenocene.” Still, some terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in South America are considered pristine and wild, which can lead to a general faith that economic progress is consistent with conservation strategies, even without scientific support. We compiled anthropogenic threats to fish biodiversity in a hierarchical meta‐analysis, along with an evidence synthesis of threats related to biological invasions, based on peer‐reviewed research with the aim to represent the actual conservation status of the South American ichthyofauna. We highlighted human‐related threats and synergistic effects of biological invasions, climate change, environmental alterations (e.g., pollution, aquaculture and damming) and fisheries. Considering measures that reinforce novel alien fish (e.g., artificial hybrids or genetically modified) introductions, it became clear why an eventual increase in local or regional species richness is not always beneficial to aquaculture, biodiversity, human well‐being or nature. In fact, citizens in all societal roles, including scientists, should revise their concepts about threats to fish biodiversity. Environmental policies require more than taxonomic diagnostics to achieve conservation goals under an incompatible scenario of a multiplying number of fish species and biotic homogenization. We advocate for countries in South America using science‐based strategies useful to maintain their social and economic growth along with their “remaining nature.” We live a crucial moment when the government overlooks threats to biodiversity and uses agribusiness as the most acceptable manner of fuelling the economy.  相似文献   

Effectiveness of early-generation testing applied to upland rice breeding     

Matheus S. Barros  Odilon P. Morais Júnior  Patrícia G. S. Melo  Orlando P. Morais  Adriano P. Castro  Flávio Breseghello 《Euphytica》2018,214(4):61

A plant breeding program is a long-term investment. Therefore, periodic assessment of the effectiveness of a breeding strategy is essential to maximize genetic gains per unit of time and resource invested. In this work, we assessed the effectiveness of the early-generation testing (EGT) approach used in the upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) breeding program at Embrapa (Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation), Brazil, estimating the genetic progress achieved for three traits in two distinct phases, spanning 15 years. In the first phase (from 2003 to 2010), it was used the bulk method within F₃ progenies with prior testing of F₂ crosses, while in the second phase (from 2010 to 2017), it was used the bulk method within F₂ progenies. The dataset comprised 70 yield trials, involving 1884 F_3:5 progenies (phase I) and 925 F_2:4 progenies (phase II) from an elite population, and 10 check cultivars, evaluated for grain yield (GY), plant height (PH) and days to flowering (DTF). For estimating the genetic gain, we adapted a generalized linear regression method to compute bi-segmented linear regression coefficients. Desirable genetic gains were achieved only for GY in both phases of the breeding program, with 78.75 kg ha^?1 year^?1 (2.68%) in the first phase, and 53.78 kg ha^?1 year^?1 (1.54%) in the second phase. These results show the effectiveness of EGT, especially via bulk method within F₃ progenies with prior testing of F₂ crosses, applied to upland rice breeding. Some refinements are discussed in the method to make it more cost-effective and more efficient in achieving genetic gains.  相似文献   

Citral and linalool chemotypes of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lippia alba</Emphasis> essential oil as anesthetics for fish: a detailed physiological analysis of side effects during anesthetic recovery in silver catfish (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Rhamdia quelen</Emphasis>)     

Carine de Freitas Souza  Matheus Dellaméa Baldissera  Adriane Erbice Bianchini  Elisia Gomes da Silva  Rosa Helena Veraz Mourão  Lenise Vargas Flores da Silva  Denise Schmidt  Berta Maria Heinzmann  Bernardo Baldisserotto 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2018,44(1):21-34

The viability using Lippia alba essential oil as an anesthetic for fish was studied, particularly with respect to physiological effects during recovery. Anesthesia of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) using 100 and 300 μL L^?1 of two different chemotypes of L. alba essential oil (citral EO-C and linalool EO-L) prevented the increase of plasma cortisol levels caused by handling, but did not avoid alterations in energetic metabolism. Silver catfish did not have increased the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive species in the kidney and liver during recovery after anesthesia with either EO, avoiding lipid damage. On the other hand, fish anesthetized with EO-C showed higher protein carbonylation levels, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione S-transferase activities and non-protein thiol group levels in both tissues compared to controls. Our results suggest that both oils show antioxidant capacity, but anesthesia with EO-L does not cause damage to lipids or proteins, only temporary changes, typical of physiological adjustments during recovery from anesthesia. Therefore, EO-L is an effective anesthetic for silver catfish with fewer side effects than EO-C.  相似文献   

First feeding of diploid and triploid yellowtail tetra Astyanax altiparanae: An initial stage for application in laboratory studies          下载免费PDF全文

Rafaela Manchin Bertolini  José Augusto Senhorini  Nivaldo Ferreira do Nascimento  Matheus Pereira‐Santos  Laura Satiko Okada Nakaghi  Wellington Adriano Moreira Peres  Regiane Cristina da Silva  George Shigueki Yasui 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(1):68-74

In this study, the aim was to establish a protocol for first feeding of diploid and triploid yellowtail tetra Astyanax altiparanae in laboratory conditions. The fry were fed with five different diets: (i) Artemia franciscana nauplii, (ii) plankton, (iii) dry food, (iv) Artemia franciscana nauplii + plankton, and (v) Artemia nauplii + plankton + dry food. Additionally, the growth and survival rates of diploid and triploid individuals were also evaluated. On day 10, the length of the fish between the treatments differed significantly (p = .0001) and ranged from 4.07 ± 0.06 mm (dry food) to 8.50 ± 0.64 mm (plankton + Artemia). The sizes of the fish increased with time, except for the fish fed with dry food. The survival rates were similar for the fish fed with the four diets and ranged from 80.7 ± 5.4% (dry food + plankton + Artemia to 92.0 ± 1.6% (plankton + Artemia), but differed from the fish fed with dry food (17.7 ± 5.8%, p = .0017). Diploids and triploids did not present differences on day 0 (p = .2252) and on day 10 (p = .4844) when the fish presented 6.77 ± 0.25 mm and 6.54 ± 0.15 mm respectively. Survival of diploids (87.3 ± 5.13%) and triploids (74.67 ± 2.30%) were also similar (p = .0285). These data are innovative and useful for establishing protocols for this species in both academic and applied sciences.  相似文献   

Chemical Characterization and Release of Polyphenols from Pecan Nut Shell [<Emphasis Type="Italic">Carya illinoinensis</Emphasis> (Wangenh) C. Koch] in Zein Microparticles for Bioactive Applications     

Itamara Kureck  Priscila de Brito Policarpi  Isabela Maia Toaldo  Matheus Vinícius de Oliveira Brisola Maciel  Marilde T. Bordignon-Luiz  Pedro Luiz Manique Barreto  Jane Mara Block 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2018,73(2):137-145

The pecan nut [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh) C. Koch] is a natural source of polyphenols with antioxidant properties. In this study, the encapsulation of aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of pecan nut shell were evaluated for the release of bioactive compounds and antioxidant potential in order to explore food applications using zein as encapsulating agent. The extracts showed high contents of total phenolics, condensed tannins and high antioxidant activity. Concentrations of proanthocyanidins were 9-fold higher in hydroalcoholic extracts. The LC-DAD analysis showed that catechins were the major phenolic compounds in samples, with epigallocatechin levels up to 138.62 mg mL^?1. Zein microparticles loaded with aqueous extract released 2.3 times more phenolic compounds than the hydroalcoholic extracts and the DSC thermograms showed that extracts of pecan nut shell remained thermally stable up to 240 °C. The zein microcapsules obtained in this study were efficiently encapsulated and represent an interesting additive due its high antioxidant capacity, physicochemical characteristics and morphology. The use of zein microparticles combined with natural extracts constitute a step forward in the improvement of current technology for delivering phenolic compounds with applications in functional foods and nutraceuticals.  相似文献   

Pulse pressure variation as a guide for volume expansion in dogs undergoing orthopedic surgery     

Denise T. Fantoni  Keila K. Ida  André M. Gimenes  Matheus M. Mantovani  Jacqueline R. Castro  Geni C.F. Patrício  Aline M. Ambrósio  Denise A. Otsuki 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(4):710-718

Objective

To investigate whether pulse pressure variation (PPV) can predict fluid responsiveness in healthy dogs during clinical surgery.

Study design

Prospective clinical study.

Animals

Thirty-three isoflurane-anesthetized dogs with arterial hypotension during orthopedic surgery.

Methods

Fluid challenge with lactated Ringer's solution (15 mL kg^?1 in 15 minutes) was administered in mechanically ventilated dogs (tidal volume 10 mL kg^?1) with hypotension [mean arterial pressure (MAP) < 65 mmHg]. The volume expansion was considered effective if cardiac output (CO; transesophageal Doppler) increased by ≥ 15%. Cardiopulmonary data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA, receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves and Spearman coefficient; p < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results

Effective volume expansion, mean ± standard deviation 42 ± 4% increase in CO (p < 0.0001) was observed in 76% of the dogs, resulting in a decrease in PPV (p < 0.0001) and increase in MAP (p < 0.0001), central venous pressure (CVP; p = 0.02) and ejection fraction (p < 0.0001) compared with before the fluid challenge. None of these changes occurred when volume expansion resulted in a nonsignificant CO increase of 4 ± 5%. No significant differences were observed in blood gas analysis between responsive and nonresponsive dogs. The increase in CO was correlated with the decrease in PPV (r = ?0.65; p < 0.0001) but absolute values of CO and PPV were not correlated. The PPV performance (ROC curve area: 0.89 ± 0.06, p = 0.0011) was better than that of CVP (ROC curve area: 0.54 ± 0.12) and MAP (ROC curve area: 0.59 ± 0.13) to predict fluid responsiveness. The best cut-off for PPV to distinguish responders and nonresponders was 15% (50% sensitivity and 96% specificity).

Conclusions and clinical relevance

In mechanically ventilated, healthy, isoflurane-anesthetized dogs, PPV predicted fluid responsiveness to volume expansion, and MAP and CVP did not show such applicability.  相似文献   

The effects of arsenic on the growth and nutritional status of Anadenanthera peregrina,a Brazilian savanna tree     

Marcelo Pedrosa Gomes  Daniela Moreira Duarte  Pedro Luiz Silva Miranda  Leilane Carvalho Barreto  Miele Tallon Matheus  Queila Souza Garcia 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2012,175(3):466-473

Anadenanthera peregrina is a Brazilian savanna tree species that occurs naturally in arsenic (As)‐contaminated areas, and its As resistance has been associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal–fungi (AMF) symbiosis. A plant's ability to survive in stressful environments is correlated with its nutrition status, which can be affected by As uptake. The present study evaluated the influence of As on the concentrations and distribution of nutrients in the roots and shoots of A. peregrina grown in the absence of AMF. These plants were grown in substrates spiked with 0, 10, 50, and 100 mg As kg^–1 for 25 d under greenhouse conditions, and the concentrations of essential macro‐ (P, K, Ca, Mg, N, and S) and micro‐ (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, B, and Mo) nutrients in the roots and shoots were then determined. Enhanced As levels increased the concentrations of P, S, and N and decreased Ca, Mg, and Fe. Although the deleterious effects of As on the plants were striking, the internal As levels were high, which indicated some tissue tolerance of A. peregrina.  相似文献