Effect of liming on hexazinone sorption and desorption behavior in various soils     

Luiz Odonil Gomes Dos Santos  Matheus de Freitas Souza  Paulo Sergio Fernandes Das Chagas  Bruno Caio Chaves Fernandes  Jeferson Luiz Dallabona Dombroski 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2019,65(9):1183-1195

Liming is a practice commonly used to modify soil acidity, neutralize aluminum, and increase calcium and magnesium in the soil. Liming can change herbicide retention processes and consequently weed control and potential environmental contamination. The effects of liming on the sorption and desorption of hexazinone in different soils were evaluated. Samples from seven Brazilian soils were collected and separated into two subsamples, with and without limestone incubation. Hexazinone was quantified using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography. The sorption and desorption coefficients were determined in soils using Freundlich isotherms. Increasing the pH did not alter the sorption kinetics of hexazinone in the same soil class. The shortest sorption time of hexazinone occurred in soils with higher organic matter (OM) and clay content. Liming reduced the sorption and increased the desorption of hexazinone in the soils, which was caused by the increase in pH and reduction of OM content. Although the application of limestone increased desorption, the rate at which this process occurred was less than the sorption rate of hexazinone in most cases. In alkaline soils, the recommended dose of hexazinone for pre-emergence application should be low to avoid leaching and reduce the contamination of groundwater resources.  相似文献   

Histochemical study of the extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles in alcoholic rats   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Torrejais MM  Soares JC  Matheus SM  Cassel FD  Curi PR 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》1999,28(5-6):367-373

The extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus (SOL) muscle fibres from albino rats submitted to experimental chronic alcoholism were evaluated in accordance with their metabolic and morphometric profiles. Twenty-seven male animals aged 4 months and weighing approximately 400 g were used. The animals were divided into three groups: control, isocaloric and alcoholic and sacrifices were carried out after 5, 10 and 15 months. The muscles were dissected, removed, cross-sectioned in a cryostat and submitted to the NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) reaction. The SO (slow-twitch-oxidative), FG (fast-twitch-glycolytic) and FOG (fast-twitch-oxidative-glycolytic) muscle fibre types exhibited a polygonal, triangular or rounded shape and did not present noteworthy modifications in either muscles during the study. The cross-sectional areas of the fibres from the studied muscles did not present significant differences during the observations. Fibre area behaved similarly in the alcoholic animals up to the 10th month, i.e. it was decreased, as also observed in the other groups. At 15 months, however, all fibres were increased, with a predominance of FG fibres in the SOL muscle. Changes in fibre population were observed mainly in the SOL muscle of alcoholic animals: SO fibres were initially increased in number but decreased after the 10th month, and the opposite was observed for the population of FG fibres. FOG fibres increased linearly in number throughout the experiment. The statistical analysis showed nevertheless that the fibre population and cross-sectional area changes were not significant. In the alcoholic animals quantitative variations of muscle fibres were more evident in the SOL muscle, suggesting that the SOL muscle is more sensitive to the toxic action of ethanol. The results concerning the increased fibre diameter in alcoholic animals would be associated with muscle oedema induced directly or indirectly by the ethanol.  相似文献   

Heavy metals in horse blood, serum, and feed in Minas Gerais, Brazil     

Leandro Maia  Maria Vernica de Souza MV  MS  DS  Raphael Bragana Alves Fernandes BS  MS  DS  Maurício Paulo Ferreira Fontes BS  MS  PhD  Matheus Werner de Souza Vianna  Walcrisley Vercelli Luz BS  MS 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2006,26(12):578-583

Pollution is a subject of worldwide concern and discussion and various areas of science are seeking to integrate their knowledge in an attempt to improve understanding of the harmful effects of modern human activities. Thus, the objective of the current study was to assess the potential for using the horse as a bio-indicator of environmental pollution. Blood and serum samples from 120 horses from locations with different degrees of urbanization and industrialization and the feeds used for these animals were analyzed to determine their heavy metal (Cd, Pb, Ni, Cu, and Zn) content. The data obtained were compared. The results did not show increases in heavy metal concentration in the blood and serum of the horses with the intensification of urbanization and industrialization around the farms. Only Cd, as determined in the blood of the animals, showed a certain potential for using horses as bio-indicators of environmental pollution. The data for sex, age, and chemical composition of the foodstuffs supplied to the animals were not determinants in explaining the variation in the concentrations of heavy metals observed.  相似文献   

Efficacy of adding chemical and microbial additives to silage on beef cattle performance: Systematic review and meta-analysis     

Guilherme Lobato Menezes  Alan Figueiredo de Oliveira  Frederico Patrus Ananias de Assis Pires  Lúcio Carlos Gonçalves  Rafael Araújo de Menezes  Pamella Grossi de Sousa  Paulo Henrique Arruda de Medeiros  Matheus Morais de Pinho  Ângela Maria Quintão Lana  Vânia Eloisa de Araújo  Diogo Gonzaga Jayme 《Grass and Forage Science》2023,78(1):1-22

The effects of different additives on farm-scale silage quality and beef cattle performance are inconsistent. This study aimed to carry out a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of chemical and microbial additives to silage on beef cattle performance. Systematic searches were performed using databases and scientific journals, and 42 articles were selected. Data for all variables were grouped into subgroups according to the additive type. For dry matter intake and average daily gain, the data were also grouped by forage type due to greater comparison numbers. The treatment mean differences and 95% confidence intervals (p < 0.05) were analysed using a random-effects model. The use of homo- and heterofermentative microbial inoculant mixtures and chemical additives (Ch) increased the average daily gain of beef cattle fed maize/sorghum silage. Homofermentative microbial inoculant (Ho), Ch, and a mixture of microbial inoculant and chemical additives also increased the average daily gain of beef cattle fed temperate grasses. Only Ch increased dry matter intake. Ch increased feed efficiency, and Ch and Ho increased carcass weight. The evaluated additives improved the silage fermentation process mainly via pH and ammonia nitrogen reduction. Overall, this meta-analysis demonstrated that silage additives improved the ensiling process and beef cattle performance, with better results with Ch use. Due to the aerobic stability and microbiological profile analyses being carried out more in laboratory-scale silos, more studies are needed to determine these silage parameters after opening the silo at the farm scale.  相似文献   

Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of Bouchea fluminensis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Costa VB  Coube CS  Marinho BG  Matheus ME  Leitão SG  Fernandes PD 《Fitoterapia》2003,74(4):364-371

Dried leaves extract from Bouchea fluminensis was assessed in anti-inflammatory (mouse paw edema) and analgesic models (acetic acid-induced writhings and hot plate). Oral pretreatment of animals with a crude mixture (IG) and a purified mixture of ursolic, oleanolic and micromeric acids (IG-59) at doses ranging from 1 to 30 mg/kg, significantly inhibited carrageenin-induced edema formation. At the same doses, IG and IG-59 also exhibited peripheral and central analgesic activity. It seems that B. fluminensis triterpenes develop their analgesic effect through central opioid receptors, due to the observation that naloxone reverted analgesic activity on the hot plate model.  相似文献   

Rise and fall of the Beringian steppe bison     

Shapiro B  Drummond AJ  Rambaut A  Wilson MC  Matheus PE  Sher AV  Pybus OG  Gilbert MT  Barnes I  Binladen J  Willerslev E  Hansen AJ  Baryshnikov GF  Burns JA  Davydov S  Driver JC  Froese DG  Harington CR  Keddie G  Kosintsev P  Kunz ML  Martin LD  Stephenson RO  Storer J  Tedford R  Zimov S  Cooper A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,306(5701):1561-1565

The widespread extinctions of large mammals at the end of the Pleistocene epoch have often been attributed to the depredations of humans; here we present genetic evidence that questions this assumption. We used ancient DNA and Bayesian techniques to reconstruct a detailed genetic history of bison throughout the late Pleistocene and Holocene epochs. Our analyses depict a large diverse population living throughout Beringia until around 37,000 years before the present, when the population's genetic diversity began to decline dramatically. The timing of this decline correlates with environmental changes associated with the onset of the last glacial cycle, whereas archaeological evidence does not support the presence of large populations of humans in Eastern Beringia until more than 15,000 years later.  相似文献   

Avian metapneumovirus subtypes circulating in Brazilian vaccinated and nonvaccinated chicken and turkey farms   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Chacón JL  Mizuma M  Vejarano MP  Toquín D  Eterradossi N  Patnayak DP  Goyal SM  Ferreira AJ 《Avian diseases》2011,55(1):82-89

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Evaluation of the transfer of immunoglobulin from colostrum anaerobic fermentation (colostrum silage) to newborn calves     

Mara H. Saalfeld  Daniela I. B. Pereira  Jessica L. Borchardt  Regis T. Sturbelle  Matheus C. Rosa  Marcio C. Guedes  Marcia A. Gularte  Fábio P. Leivas Leite 《Animal Science Journal》2014,85(11):963-967

Colostrum silage is an anaerobic fermentation methodology of excess farm colostrum used to conserve and provide as milk replacement for calves. The present study aimed to evaluate the levels of immunoglobulins present in bovine colostrum silage and its absorption by newborn calves. The concentration of immunoglobulins was determined in fresh colostrum and colostrum silage stored for 12 months. The absorption of immunoglobulins by calves was assessed immediately after birth and 24 h after colostrum silage intake. The immunoglobulin levels were evaluated by ELISA. The results highlighted that colostrum silage kept similar levels of immunoglobulins as the ones in colostrum in natura, and can be transferred to newborn calves with similar amounts to calves fed with colostrum in natura. It is concluded that colostrum silage keeps viable immunoglobulins, and is able to transfer passive immunity to newborn calves.  相似文献   

Threonine incorporation in tissues of growing broiler chickens using L-[15N] threonine     

Rafael Massami Suzuki  Matheus de Paula Reis  Juliana Célia Denadai  Letícia Graziele Pacheco  Carolina Cardoso Nagib Nascimento  Nilva Kazue Sakomura 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2021,105(5):960-964

Most amino acid requirement trials appear for whole-body responses, but there is little information concerning amino acid incorporation in individual tissues, which may vary according to the age. L-[¹⁵N] threonine was used to evaluate its incorporation rate and distribution among broiler tissues in different ages. Seventy-two male broiler chickens were distributed into three different phases: starter (4 to 9 days old), grower (18 to 23 days old) and finisher phase (32 to 37 days old). L-[¹⁵N] threonine was added on balanced diets, and birds were fed for five days in each phase. Enriched samples of breast muscle, feathers, liver, jejunum and plasma were collected at 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hr after fed birds with the tracer in each phase. In the tissues were analysed dry matter, nitrogen and stable nitrogen. The ¹⁵N isotope abundance according to the time was fitted into exponential or linear equations using a same intercept. The ratio of the steepness or slope coefficients was determined to compare the L-[¹⁵N] threonine incorporation according to the age. In addition, L-[¹⁵N] threonine mass balances were performed to assess the L-[¹⁵N] threonine distribution among the evaluated tissues. Except for feathers, the L-[¹⁵N] threonine incorporation rate decreased with ageing. Taking into account the L-[¹⁵N] threonine distribution in the tissues, only in the jejunum was not observed an increase as the broiler grew. The L-[¹⁵N] incorporation varied in each tissue and according to the age of the broiler chickens. These outcomes could be useful to comprehend changes in amino acid requirements tissue-specific according to age.  相似文献   

Bali Barat: An Indonesian marine protected area and its resources     

Nicholas V.C. Polunin  Matheus K. Halim  Knut Kvalvågnaes 《Biological conservation》1983,25(2):171-191

Since the early 1970s the Indonesian Government has tried to establish marine nature reserves. The initial marine protected areas, however, have not been successful, due to lack of enforcement, and the present account is of a site on the western tip of Bali, where it is hoped that the idea will come to fruition. The marine resources of this Reserve, Bali Barat, are described, together with the various ways in which they are at present being exploited. The plan developed for the Reserve aims to prohibit destructive uses, while allowing those which are not as yet considered damaging to the area. The needs for strict protection of certain sites for tourism and for subsistence uses have been reconciled through a system of zones. The experience gained from Bali Barat should enable effective marine reserve conservation to be extended to other parts of the country, and the Reserve could also contribute directly to education of the public, and to research and management expertise.  相似文献