The potential for bioaugmentation of sand filter materials from waterworks using bacterial cultures degrading 4‐chloro‐2‐methylphenoxyacetic acid          下载免费PDF全文

Urse S Krüger  Anders R Johnsen  Mette Burmølle  Jens Aamand  Sebastian R Sørensen 《Pest management science》2015,71(2):257-265

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Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) serotype Sp is prevalent in Turkish rainbow trout farms          下载免费PDF全文

A G Büyükekiz  S Altun  E F Hansen  İ B Satıcıoğlu  M Duman  T Markussen  E Rimstad 《Journal of fish diseases》2018,41(1):95-104

Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) is a common pathogen of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Turkey. We found that 455 of 1,676 sample pools tested were IPNV positive. Positive samples were found in all geographical regions where sampling was conducted. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses of VP2 from 30 isolates representing all regions showed that the viruses were highly similar in sequence and grouped within Genogroup 5 (serotype Sp‐A2). No correlations between sequences, sampling sites or geographical origins were identified. Although clinical disease was evident in several farms, analyses of the amino acid sequence of VP2 showed that all virus strains harboured the P₂₁₇T₂₂₁ motif, assumed to be associated with low virulence. We conclude that IPNV is prevalent in Turkish rainbow trout farms and that the viruses are very homogenous and likely to be of European origin. Frequent exchange of eggs and live fish within the farming industry may explain the homogeneity of the IPNV.  相似文献   

Effect of testicular tissue lysate on developmental competence of porcine oocytes matured and fertilized in vitro          下载免费PDF全文

AK Singh  S Naskar  B Saikia  Y Vashi  S Gupta  S Banik  MK Tamuli  V Pande  DK Sarma  SK Dhara 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2017,52(2):183-188

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of testicular tissue lysate (TTL) on developmental competence of germinal vesicle (GV) stage porcine oocytes. Two types of TTL were prepared through repeated freeze–thaw in liquid nitrogen, one from whole testicular tissue (wTTL) and other from either of four different sections of testes, namely just beneath the tunica albuginea (TA), from the transitional area between the seminiferous cord/tubules and the mediastinum testis (TR) and from the intermediate area (parenchymal tissue origin) and CE (cauda epididymis origin). The whole or section‐wise TTL treatments were given for 44 hr during in vitro maturation (IVM). Oocyte maturation was done in either of the two media, namely defined (high‐performance basic medium for porcine oocyte maturation, commercially available) and serum containing (TCM199). After maturation, oocytes were co‐incubated with fresh spermatozoa for 6 hr and then transferred to embryo culture media. Treatment of GV stage oocytes with wTTL (1 mg/ml) increased the cleavage and morula percentage rate (69.23 ± 6.23 and 48.15 ± 6.77, respectively) than that of their control (58.33 ± 8.08 and 32.54 ± 5.53, respectively) in defined media, and in serum‐containing media, cleavage and morula percentage rate were almost equal in both treatment (54.56 ± 7.79 and 34.70 ± 6.78, respectively) and control (59.52 ± 8.21 and 38.52 ± 6.54, respectively). However, effect of wTTL was not significant. In case of section‐wise TTL supplements, TR section significantly (p < .01) improved cleavage and morula rate (58.43 ± 7.98 and 36.14 ± 6.89, respectively) followed by TA. In conclusion, present study indicates that IVM, in vitro fertilization and in vitro culture of embryo are improved in the presence of TTL, particularly its TR section. Further study is expected to reveal the principal components of TTL which may prove useful for IVM.  相似文献   

Evidence for a transient increase of rhizodeposition within one and a half day after a severe defoliation of Plantago arenaria grown in soil     

Frdric Henry  Mette Vestergrd  Sren Christensen 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2008,40(5):1264-1267

Plants are often grazed resulting in a sudden and significant removal of shoot tissue, which decreases photosynthesis and changes C allocation between within the plant. From results obtained in percolated sand it is possible to demonstrate an increase of rhizodeposition within few days after defoliation followed by a decrease of rhizodeposition. The aim of our study was to test if this pattern can be also observed for plants grown in soil. We grew Plantago arenaria in microcosms and defoliated half of them after 45 d. Half of the defoliated and non-defoliated microcosms were harvested 1.5 d, and the other half 8.5 d, after defoliation. We observed an increase of microbial biomass 1.5 d after defoliation followed by a decrease assessed 8.5 d after the treatment. In parallel, soil soluble C and the metabolic quotient of the microbial biomass first decreased and then increased at the second harvest reaching values equivalent to those of the non-defoliated treatment. Based on these results together with results obtained in artificial soil, we conclude that the defoliation of P. arenaria grown in soil leads to a transient peak of root exudation.  相似文献   

Euthanasia; not always Eu     

DK BLACKMORE 《Australian veterinary journal》1993,70(11):409-413

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Vitamin K requirement in Danish anticoagulant-resistant Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus)     

Markussen MD  Heiberg AC  Nielsen R  Leirs H 《Pest management science》2003,59(8):913-920

Resistance to warfarin has been connected to an increase in dietary requirement for vitamin K in British strains of the Norway rat, Rattus norvegicus (Berk). This study examines vitamin K requirement of Danish anticoagulant-resistant Norway rats using a vitamin K deficient feeding test. Wild bromadiolone-resistant rats sampled from different localities in Denmark and rats from bromadiolone-resistant and susceptible laboratory strains were fed on a vitamin K deficient diet over a maximum period of 15 days. Development of vitamin K deficiency, measured as reduced blood-clotting capacity, took place in 43% of the Danish resistant rats and was independent of sex, treatment with supplementary vitamin K3 and sampling locality. Development of deficiency was slower for resistant rats that were supplemented with vitamin K3 prior to the feeding test, suggesting storage of the vitamin K in a vitamin body pool. Intraperitoneal administration of vitamin K1 revealed that 80 microg vitamin K1 kg(-1) bodyweight was sufficient to restore normal blood clotting activity in deficient rats, while 60 microg vitamin K1 kg(-1) bodyweight was insufficient. We conclude that vitamin K requirement is moderately increased in Danish homozygous resistant rats whereas heterozygous resistant rats only have a minor increase in vitamin K requirement compared with susceptible rats. We found no indication of different resistance types being present in our test material since vitamin K requirement was not different between rats from separate sampling localities.  相似文献   

Application and evaluation of RT-PCR-ELISA for the nucleoprotein and RT-PCR for detection of low-pathogenic H5 and H7 subtypes of avian influenza virus.   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

Karen Dybkaer  Mette Munch  Kurt J Handberg  Poul H J?rgensen 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2004,16(1):51-56

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Involvement of hepatic xenobiotic related genes in bromadiolone resistance in wild Norway rats, Rattus norvegicus (Berk.)     

Mette Drude Markussen  Carsten Alsbo  Sakari Kauppinen  Michael Kristensen 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2007,88(3):284-295

To examine the role of xenobiotic relevant genes in bromadiolone resistance in wild Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) we compared the constitutive liver gene expression and expression upon bromadiolone administration in bromadiolone resistant and anticoagulant susceptible female rats using a LNA microarray and quantitative PCR. Resistant rats showed significantly higher constitutive expression of the cytochrome P450 genes Cyp2c13 and Cyp3a2 and lower expression of Cyp2e1 and Gpox1 compared to the susceptible rats. The Cyp1a2, Cyp2c13, Cyp2e1, Cyp3a2 and Cyp3a3 genes were significantly higher expressed in resistant than susceptible rats upon bromadiolone exposure. To establish how bromadiolone affected xenobiotic gene expression in the two strains we compared bromadiolone expression profiles to saline profiles of both strains. Bromadiolone mediated significant up-regulation of Cyp2e1 and Cyp3a3 expression in the resistant rats whereas the rodenticide conferred down-regulation of Cyp2e1, Cyp3a3 and Gpox1 and induction of Cyp2c12 expression in susceptible rats. Cyp2c13 and Cyp3a2 expression were markedly suppressed in both strains upon treatment. This suggests that xenobiotic relevant enzymes play a role in bromadiolone resistance in the Norway rat. A high constitutive expression of Cyp2c13 and Cyp3a2 and induction of Cyp1a2, Cyp2e1 and Cyp3a3 expression during bromadiolone exposure may increase the resistance to bromadiolone presumably by facilitating increased detoxification and decreased liver injury.  相似文献   

Signalling Events and Associated Pathways Related to the Mammalian Sperm Capacitation          下载免费PDF全文

DK Gangwar  SK Atreja 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2015,50(5):705-711

Capacitation is a biological phenomenon occurring prior to fertilization and is a multiple event process. Many physiological and biochemical changes takes place during the process; these changes are related to lipid composition of membrane, intracellular modulation of ion concentration, protein phosphorylation, sperm movement and membrane permeability. These events occur when the sperm is exposed to the new environment of ion concentration in the female reproductive tract. Ions such as bicarbonate and calcium facilitate capacitation by activating adenylyl cyclase, thus initiating protein kinase A (PKA) signalling cascade. Extracellular‐regulated kinase pathway is activated by ligand binding to the membrane receptors and intracellular activation by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Activation of these pathways leads to the phosphorylation of different proteins, which is associated with events such as capacitation, hyperactivation and acrosome reaction that are essential for successful fertilization. Extensive studies were carried out on protein phosphorylation in relation to capacitation, but its role still remains ambiguous.  相似文献   

Bovine Circadian Locomotor Output Cycles Kaput (CLOCK) and Clusterin (CLU) mRNA Quantitation in Ejaculated Crossbred Bull Spermatozoa          下载免费PDF全文

S Kumar  R Deb  U Singh  I Ganguly  DK Mandal  S Tyagi  M Kumar  G Sengar  S Sharma  R Singh  R Singh 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2015,50(3):505-509

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