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11.
Allipuram Srinivas Pasupuleti Surendra Babu Ghattamaraju Maruthi Sankar Adusimilli Madhavi Gollapalli Eswara Chandra Vidyasagar 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2018,49(12):1502-1521
A study was conducted at Hyderabad during 2009–11 to determine phosphorus (P) dose for rice–rice and rice–sunflower. Available P increased when 100% recommended P dose (RDP) was applied. P applied to rice gave at par yield under 100 or 75% RDP. In rice–rice, grain yield of 5668 and 5775 kg ha?1 in kharif (5654 and 5760 kg ha?1 in rabi) were attained with P@75 and 100% RDP. Kharif P residual effect in rabi affected rice yield. P@100/75% RDP in kharif and rabi gave grain of 5916/5973 and straw 6230/6673 kg ha?1. P applied to sunflower revealed that yield was similar with 100 or 75% RDP. Sunflower yield was at par with P@100 or 75% RDP. 25% RDP in rice and sunflower may be reduced to attain similar yield of 100% RDP. In rice–rice, grain yield attained by 100% RDP in both seasons was 11.42t ha?1 yr?1, while 75% RDP gave yield of 11.45t ha?1yr?1. 相似文献
12.
Muhammad Z. Ahmed Shun-Xiang Ren Nasser S. Mandour M. N. Maruthi Muhammad Naveed Bao-Li Qiu 《Journal of pest science》2010,83(2):135-141
Bemisia tabaci is a species complex, of which the B and Q biotypes are globally distributed. B. tabaci feeds on more than 600 plant species including cotton, which is one of the main crops in Pakistan. In this study, the biotypes/haplotypes
of B. tabaci populations collected from cotton plants in Pakistan, China, and Egypt were identified, and their phylogenetic relationships
were investigated. None of the populations from Pakistan or Egypt belonged to the B or Q biotype: all 16 samples from Pakistan
belonged to haplotype “PCG-1” and it is a group of unresolved populations all from Pakistan, while all three populations from
Egypt belonged to unresolved haplotype “ECG.” The three populations from China belonged to the B biotype. Phylogenetic analysis
indicated that the PCG-1, ECG, and B biotypes clustered into different clades even though they share the same cotton plant
species as their host. The association between the outbreaks of cotton leaf curl disease and the occurrence of the PCG haplotype
of B. tabaci in Pakistan is discussed. 相似文献
13.
An ideal legume for resource-poor farmers, grass pea [Lathyrus sativus] is a drought tolerant crop that thrives with minimal external inputs. It is grown on 1 million ha throughout South Asia, mainly as a relay crop after rice. It is also grown extensively in Ethiopia, where it is an important legume for human consumption. Traditionally used for human consumption and as a source of animal feed, this protein-rich legume is favoured for its excellent flavour. There is great potential for an expansion in the utilization of grass pea in drought-prone economies, such as Ethiopia. However, L. sativus produces small quantities of a neurotoxin, β-N-oxalyl –L-α-diaminopropanoic acid (ODAP), which, when consumed alone in large quantities, may cause ‘lathyrism’, an irreversible paralysis of the legs. Lathyrism is a medical condition closely associated with poverty in rural areas. Despite efforts in some countries to discourage production of L. sativus, poor farming communities continue to rely on the crop to supplement their meagre diets. As local land races with high toxin levels generally outperform introduced varieties with lower toxin levels, farmers have little option but to continue to grow their locally-adapted varieties. While there has been some success in breeding grass pea lines with low levels of ODAP, crop improvement programmes are scarce and under-resourced. Facing rising food prices and more frequent natural disasters associated with climate change, we should not neglect the ability of grass pea to provide human and animal feed, under conditions unsuitable for economic production of other legume crops. 相似文献
14.
Yi Su B. B. Maruthi Sridhar F. X. Han S. V. Diehl D. L. Monts 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2007,180(1-4):65-74
The objectives of this study are: (1) Evaluate the capacity of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) for uptake and accumulation of Cs and Sr natural isotopes. (2) Identify foliar structural and other physiological changes (biomass, relative water content etc.) resulted from the accumulation of these two elements. (3) Monitor the Cs and Sr uptake and bioaccumulation process by spectral reflectance. Potted Indian mustard plants were exposed to different concentrations of Cs (50 and 600 ppm) and Sr (50 and 300 ppm) natural isotopes in solution form for 23 days. Bioaccumulation of Cs and Sr were found in the order of leaves > stems > roots for both Cs- and Sr-treated plants. The highest leaf and root Sr accumulations are observed to be 2,708, and 1,194 mg kg?1, respectively; and the highest leaf and root Cs accumulations are 12,251, and 6,794 mg kg?1, respectively. High translocation efficiency for both elements is documented by shoot/root concentration ratios greater than one. Biomass decreases were observed for plants treated with higher concentration of Cs or Sr. Cs accumulation affected the pigment concentration and internal structure of the leaf and the spectral characteristics of plants. Within the applied concentration range, Sr accumulation resulted in no significant changes in relative water content (RWC), leaf structural and spectral characteristics of mustard plants. Cs shoot concentration showed significant negative correlation with relative water content (RWC; r = ?0.88*) and normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI) value (r = ?0.68*) of plant shoots. The canopy spectral reflectance and NDVI analysis clearly revealed (p < 0.05) the stress caused by Cs accumulation. 相似文献
15.
P. Wasswa B. Otto M. N. Maruthi S. B. Mukasa W. Monger R. W. Gibson 《Plant pathology》2011,60(6):1030-1039
Sweet potato begomoviruses diverge basally from all other begomoviruses and have been named sweepoviruses. In 2009, a sweepovirus was detected for the first time in sweet potato crops in Uganda by using the indicator plant Ipomoea setosa and generic primers in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR). An isolate was cloned and sequenced, the first fully sequenced genome of a sweepovirus from mainland Africa. At the nucleotide level, this isolate differed from other sweepoviruses by at least 13%, discriminating the Ugandan isolate as a new species which has been tentatively named Sweet potato leaf curl Uganda virus (SPLCUV). In infected sweet potato plants, SPLCUV showed an uneven distribution; it was detected more often in samples from the midrib and lamina of middle and lower leaves, and reversion to healthy tissue occurred, especially in shoots of cv. New Kawogo. This appears to be the first report of resistance to a sweepovirus in sweet potato. While it was only detected at relatively low efficiency by PCR, use of I. setosa plants as an indicator of sweepovirus infection in sweet potato plants was as efficient as using real‐time quantitative PCR (qPCR). Storage of dry leaves for 84 days and dried DNA extracts for 21 days did not affect the ability of PCR and qPCR to detect it. Sweepovirus(es) was detected frequently using generic primers in cultivars Ejumula, New Kawogo and 318L in eastern and central Uganda. 相似文献
16.
Pumpkin yellow vein mosaic disease (PYVMD) causes significant damage to pumpkin production throughout India. A begomovirus causing PYVMD in South India was characterized recently but the nature of virus causing the disease in North India was not known. Samples of PYVMD were obtained from North India and two putative begomoviruses were PCR‐amplified and sequenced. Comparison of complete DNA‐A sequences indicated that PYVMD in North and South India were caused by two distinct begomoviruses and shared only approximately 88% DNA‐A nucleotide identity. The South Indian isolate was most closely related to Squash leaf curl China virus between 91 and 96% identities, and the two North Indian isolates to Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus between 94 and 96% identities. The South Indian isolate was previously shown to be transmitted by the indigenous biotype of Bemisia tabaci, however, the situation has since changed with the introduction of the B‐biotype to South India in 1999. Comparative transmission experiments between the indigenous biotype v/s the introduced B‐biotype for the time required for virus acquisition (30 min v/s 15 min), inoculation (15 min v/s 10 min) and incubation (30 min v/s 4 h) have indicated that the B‐biotype transmits the virus quickly and more efficiently than the indigenous biotype. An epidemic of PYVMD was recorded for the first time in South India in 2004 with disease incidences of up to 100% and significant yield losses. This may be due to a combination of several factors including the large numbers of B‐biotype populations, the ability of the B‐biotype to transmit the virus efficiently and the cultivation of susceptible varieties. These possibilities and the threat to pumpkin cultivation associated with the spread of the B‐biotype in India are discussed. 相似文献
17.
M. N. Maruthi A. R. Rekha M. R. Govindappa J. Colvin V. Muniyappa 《Plant pathology》2006,55(2):290-290
18.
African Cassava Whitefly,Bemisia tabaci,Resistance in African and South American Cassava Genotypes 
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下载免费PDF全文 Christopher AOmongo Robert Kawuki Antony C Bellotti Titus Alicai Yona Baguma M N Maruthi Anton Bua John Colvin 《农业科学学报》2012,11(2):327-336
The whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, is a major pest of cassava, particularly in Africa where it is responsible both for the transmission of plant viruses and, increasingly, for direct damage due to feeding by high populations. To date, there have been no practical solutions to combat this emerging problem, due to the inability of the subsistence farmers that grow cassava to afford expensive inputs such as insecticides. A programme of research was carried out linking institutes in Africa, the UK and South America, to identify possible resistance sources in cassava to the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci. The South American genotype MEcu 72 and several Ugandan cassava landraces including Ofumba Chai, Nabwire 1 and Mercury showed good levels of resistance to B. tabaci. Field and screen-house experiments showed that all of the improved, high-yielding cassava mosaic disease (CMD) resistant cassava genotypes assessed were highly susceptible to B. tabaci and supported high populations of all life stages. These data support the hypothesis that the continuing high populations of cassava B. tabaci in Uganda are due, in part, to the widespread adoption of CMD-resistant cassava varieties during the CMD pandemic. They also show that the whitefly, Aleurotrachelus socialis, resistance present in the South American cassava genotypes could have broader applicability in the Old World. 相似文献
19.
Shashi Bhushan Choudhary Hariom Kumar Sharma A. Anil Kumar R. T. Maruthi Pran Gobinda Karmakar 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2017,64(7):1675-1686
Understanding phyto-geographical distribution pattern and ethnobotanical applications are critical for comprehensive conservation and utilisation of native plant genetic resources. Dearth of such scientific reports on Corchorus species in India seriously compromises inclusiveness, precision and penetration of national endeavour to conserve the valuable resources. In this context, an ecogeographical study conducted to analyse geographical distribution, ecological adaptation, species richness and ethnobotanical applications of the genus in the country. The study revealed pandemic distribution of the genus with differential habitat preferences. Combine geographical, edaphic and precipitation based distribution profile of Corchorus spp. demonstrated multilayer interactions between species and environment that led to their differential spatial distribution. The highest species concentration was found in Tamil Nadu followed by Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra. Complementarity analysis showed that the major diversity hotspots for the genus present in Tamil Nadu and Gujarat. Besides, wide spectrum ethnobotanical applications of the genus reflect their long association with prevailing ethnic communities across regions. Documentation of such time honoured traditional practices has special bearing on designing comprehensive conservation and management strategies. This information will help to prioritise both ex-situ and in-situ conservation efforts for the genus particularly in ecologically vulnerable sites of India. 相似文献
20.
K. S. Shankarappa Sriharsha K. T. Rangaswamy D. S. Aswathanarayana H. A. Prameela R. S. Kulkarni V. Muniyappa A. Mohan Rao M. N. Maruthi 《Euphytica》2008,164(2):531-539
Resistance to tomato leaf curl virus disease (ToLCVD) in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is scarce but was developed recently in three open pollinated (OP) varieties (Sankranthi, Nandi and Vybhav), which are now
available for cultivation in South India. Hybrids with superior yield capabilities, however, are a preferred choice of cultivation
by farmers but hybrids are highly susceptible to ToLCVD. In order to develop virus resistant tomato hybrids, the three OPs
were crossed with 12 tomato genotypes with superior agronomic characteristics. From the crosses, 20 hybrids were selected
(named BLRH-1 to BLRH-20, Bangalore leaf curl virus-resistant hybrid) and evaluated for their resistance to ToLCVD at the University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, South India, both through
whitefly-mediated inoculations in the glasshouse and natural infection in the field during summer 2005. Their growth and fruit
yield parameters were compared against the popularly grown hybrids and OPs. Differences occurred between hybrids in disease
incidence, spread, symptom severity and fruit yield. Of the 20 hybrids evaluated, 11 were found resistant to ToLCVD in the
field, but only three (BLRH-3, BLRH-9 and BLRH-16) remained resistant when challenged with high virus inoculum pressure in
the glasshouse through whitefly-mediated inoculations. None of the six commercially available hybrids tested was found resistant
to ToLCVD. An examination of the extent of heterosis in resistant hybrids for both quantitative and qualitative characters
over the popularly grown hybrid, US-618, indicated a major improvement in virus resistance, yield and fruit quality. All the
twenty hybrids yielded significantly more than US-618, and of these, BLRH-3 and BLRH-16 were considered the best with yields
over ca. 60 t/ha and resistant to virus both in the glasshouse and field. 相似文献