Yield and nitrogen use efficiency of bell pepper grown in SLAB fertigated with different nitrogen rates     

Jose Maria da Silva  Paulo Cezar Rezende Fontes  Carla do Carmo Milagres  July Anne Amaral de Abreu 《Journal of plant nutrition》2020,43(18):2833-2843

Abstract

Adequate plant nutrition is important to reduce costs and increase the crop yield. This study tried to verify the influence of Nitrogen (N) on plant biomass production and the yield of bell pepper grown in SLAB; quantify the N use efficiency (NUE), and to quantify the residual N concentration in the substrate after the end of the crop cycle. The experiment was carried out in a protected environment. Pepper seedlings were transplanted to SLAB bags containing 40?dm³ of substrate. The treatments consisted of six N rates (0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0, and 7.5?g plant^?1) split into 10 fortnightly applications, in a randomized block design with four replications. The fruit yield was evaluated throughout the experiment and after the final harvest, the dry mass of leaves, stem, and root of the plant, the N content and accumulated, the residual nitrate and ammonium in the substrate, and the NUE were evaluated. The rate of 5.51?g plant^?1 of N, corresponding to 355.5?kg ha^?1, provided the maximum yield of commercial fruits of 1.57?kg plant^?1 or 101.2 t ha^?1. With increasing N rate, the residual nitrate concentration in the substrate increased and the NUE decreased.  相似文献   

DRIS norms and limiting nutrients in banana cultivation in the South of Ecuador     

Diego Villaseñor  Renato de Mello Prado  Gilmara Pereira da Silva  Manuel Carrillo  Wuellins Durango 《Journal of plant nutrition》2020,43(18):2785-2796

Abstract

Foliar analysis is an effective method to diagnose the nutritional status of plants. However, the mineral concentration in foliar tissue has traditionally been evaluated by assessing the activity of each element, without considering the interactions between them. To address this, dual interactions were calculated using the Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) to identify which crop nutrients are most influential in nutrient imbalances and which are the most limiting nutrients for the nutritional status of banana crops in Ecuador. To achieve this, a regional survey of the nutritional status and its productivity levels was conducted for 188 different sites during the crop season in 2017–2018, involving banana cultivars ‘Vallery’ and ‘Williams’, from the Cavendish subgroup. The DRIS calculation method was combined with Beaufils and Jones functions. From the initial 188 foliar samples, 83 samples (representing 44% of the population) were considered to represent the high-yield reference population, with yields of 38–60 t ha^?1. The DRIS method defined the mean nutritional balance index, which was not found to be statistically correlated (p?>?0.05) with productivity, revealing that there was no significant association with the nutritional status of the plants. Specific DRIS norms were obtained and indicated that deficiencies in K, N, Ca, and Fe, and excesses in Mn, B, Cl, Zn, S, Cu, and Mg were the most limiting nutrients for banana cultivars in the south of Ecuador.  相似文献   

Water activity effects on geranyl acetate synthesis catalyzed by novozym in supercritical ethane and in supercritical carbon dioxide     

Peres C  Gomes da Silva MD  Barreiros S 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(7):1884-1888

The esterification reaction of geraniol with acetic acid catalyzed by Novozym was studied in supercritical ethane (sc-ethane) and in supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO(2)). Water activity (a(W)) had a very strong effect on enzyme activity, with reaction rates increasing up to a(W) = 0.25 and then decreasing for higher a(W). Salt hydrate pairs could not prevent changes in a(W) during the course of reaction but were able to control a(W) to some extent and had a beneficial effect on both initial rates of esterification and conversion in sc-ethane. The enzyme was more active in sc-ethane than in sc-CO(2), confirming the deleterious effect of the latter already observed with some enzymes. Temperatures between 40 and 60 degrees C did not have a strong effect on initial rates of esterification, although reaction progress declined considerably in that temperature range. For the mixture of 50 mM acetic acid plus 200 mM geraniol, 100% conversion was achieved at a reaction time of 10 h at 40 degrees C, 100 bar, an a(W) of incubation of 0.25, and a Novozym concentration of 0.55 mg cm(-)(3) in sc-ethane. Conversion was below 50% in sc-CO(2) at otherwise identical conditions. With an equimolar mixture of the two substrates (100 mM), 98% conversion was reached at 10 h of reaction in sc-ethane (73% conversion in sc-CO(2)).  相似文献   

Can Non-fumigant Nematicides Be an Alternative to Fumigation on Carrot Fields?     

Andre Luiz Biscaia Ribeiro da Silva  Daniel Tucker Price  Abolfazl Hajihassani  Juan Carlos Diaz-Perez  Elizanilda Ramalho do Rego 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2020,51(13):1826-1833

ABSTRACT

Root-knot nematodes (RKN; Meloidogyne spp.) cause enormous yield reductions in vegetable crops. While nematicides are the most effective method for controlling RKN in carrot (Dacatus carota), the efficacy of non-fumigant nematicides, compared to fumigants, is still not fully understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of 1,3-dichloropropene, a fumigant nematicide, and fluensulfone, a non-fumigant nematicide, on RKN control and yield of fresh market and processing carrot. Field experiments were conducted in a commercial farm in Lenox, GA. A randomized complete block design (r = 4) was used in a factorial arrangement of 3 nematicide treatments and 2 carrot cultivars. Nematicide treatments were the application of 1,3-dichloropropene, fluensulfone, and untreated control. Carrot cultivars were Baltimore (fresh marketing) and Belgrado (processing). In general, RKN population was low early season, averaging 0.8 RKN 100 cm^?3 of soil. RKN populations increased with crop development and there were significant differences among nematicide treatments. At harvest, RKN populations were lower for fluensulfone (1.1 RKN 100 cm^?3 of soil) and 1,3-dichloropropene (3.2 RKN 100 cm^?3 of soil) compared to Control (26.4 RKN 100 cm^?3 of soil); however, fluensulfone (91,278 kg ha^?1) had higher yield than 1,3-dichloropropene (64,154 kg ha^?1) and Control (61,908 kg ha^?1). Carrot cultivars were similar for RKN population and yield. Overall, the non-fumigant nematicide was more beneficial for carrot production than the fumigant nematicide.  相似文献   

七株抗青枯病菌生防菌的初步鉴定   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7  

张竹青  罗宽  高必达  匡传富 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2002,28(6):512-513

为了有效地利用有益微生物，对从湖南省23个烟草区62块烟地烟草根际和根表土壤以及苎麻土中分离筛选的7个抗青枯病菌而相互之间无颉抗作用的生防细菌菌株进行了细菌学性状的研究和DNA（G＋C）含量测定。初步鉴定出这7个菌株分别为：23－3为真养产碱菌（Alcaligene eutrophus)；湘1－2为不动杆菌（Acinetobactersp.)；湘2－3为蜡质芽胞杆菌（Bacillus cereus)；弯2－2为欧文氏菌属的一种（Erwinia sp.)；弯2－4为气单胞菌属的一种（Aeromonas sp.)；2－轻－9为侧胞芽孢杆菌（Bacillus.laterosporus)；1－1－8为黄杆菌属的一种（Flavobacter sp.)。  相似文献   

汽蒸处理对落叶松木材化学性质的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

陆文达  葛明裕 《东北林业大学学报》1989,17(1):50-57

本文研究了兴安落叶松(Larix gmelinii Rupr.)生材于常压下,汽蒸1、2、4、8、16、32、49、64、96h,试样化学成分的变化。结果表明:汽蒸是落叶松成材干燥工艺中十分有效的预处理工序,不仅能除去影响落叶松木材气体渗透性的树脂类物质,同时还能除去影响落叶松木材液体渗透性的水溶性物质,这种水溶性物质的主要成分是阿拉伯半乳聚糖。汽蒸过程中木材的酸度逐渐增加,同时材面颜色亦随之变深。汽蒸过程中综纤维素含量稍有下降,木素含量略有增大。试样中LCC价键断裂程度加深,少量降解程度大的低聚合度级份的半纤维素由材面溶出,其它级份的半纤维素亦有不同程度的水解降解。为了彻底除去树脂中的挥发性成分,汽蒸处理时间不应少于4h。  相似文献   

Correction of ADA-SCID by stem cell gene therapy combined with nonmyeloablative conditioning     

Aiuti A  Slavin S  Aker M  Ficara F  Deola S  Mortellaro A  Morecki S  Andolfi G  Tabucchi A  Carlucci F  Marinello E  Cattaneo F  Vai S  Servida P  Miniero R  Roncarolo MG  Bordignon C 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,296(5577):2410-2413

Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene therapy for adenosine deaminase (ADA)-deficient severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) has shown limited clinical efficacy because of the small proportion of engrafted genetically corrected HSCs. We describe an improved protocol for gene transfer into HSCs associated with nonmyeloablative conditioning. This protocol was used in two patients for whom enzyme replacement therapy was not available, which allowed the effect of gene therapy alone to be evaluated. Sustained engraftment of engineered HSCs with differentiation into multiple lineages resulted in increased lymphocyte counts, improved immune functions (including antigen-specific responses), and lower toxic metabolites. Both patients are currently at home and clinically well, with normal growth and development. These results indicate the safety and efficacy of HSC gene therapy combined with nonmyeloablative conditioning for the treatment of SCID.  相似文献   

犬瘟热病毒融合蛋白融合区基因的序列分析     

王兰萍  李厚达 《扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版)》2002,23(1):13-14,17

以分离的犬瘟热病毒（CDV）株感染Vero细胞后提取病毒RNA，经反转录后，用犬瘟热病毒的1对引物扩增出融合蛋白融合区的基因片断。经序列分析显示：分离株CDV－YZ－0101与CDV－YZ－0103在核苷酸和氨基酸水平上同源性一致，与CDV－YZ－0102、CDV－A75／17、CDV－ONPPDV2、PDV1在核苷酸和氮基酸水平上的同源性分别为99.6%、97.9%、92.9％、98.9%、76.2%、93.3%和98.9%、97.9%、98.9%、83.0%、97.9%，表明分离株和相关毒株的融合区基因存在差别。  相似文献   

Amazon forests green-up during 2005 drought     

Saleska SR  Didan K  Huete AR  da Rocha HR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,318(5850):612

Coupled climate-carbon cycle models suggest that Amazon forests are vulnerable to both long- and short-term droughts, but satellite observations showed a large-scale photosynthetic green-up in intact evergreen forests of the Amazon in response to a short, intense drought in 2005. These findings suggest that Amazon forests, although threatened by human-caused deforestation and fire and possibly by more severe long-term droughts, may be more resilient to climate changes than ecosystem models assume.  相似文献   

Monitoring of soil organic carbon over 10 years in a Mediterranean silvo-pastoral system: potential evaluation for differential management     

J.?M.?SerranoEmail author  S.?Shahidian  J.?Marques?da?Silva  M.?Carvalho 《Precision Agriculture》2016,17(3):274-295

Soil organic carbon (SOC) plays a vital role in determining the susceptibility to land degradation. The recommended procedure for the recovery of the characteristic poor soils of the Southern region of Portugal is the installation of grazed permanent pastures and increase of soil fertility. The objectives of this study were: (i) to identify the spatial and temporal patterns of soil nutrients at four points in time over a 10-year period in a perennial pastureland; (ii) to test new tools for survey of the spatial variability of soil nutrients; (iii) to evaluate the potential for differential organic management. A 6 ha permanent bio-diverse pasture field, grazed by sheep and improved by annual application of super phosphate fertilizer, was installed on a shallow soil in Mediterranean conditions. Spatial variability and temporal stability of topsoil macronutrients (phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium), SOC and pH were measured. The results indicate that SOC and pH have great potential for implementing differential management. In the case of SOC, the management classes map shows that over 80 % of the area has temporal stability, while more than 50 % of the area has low levels of SOC (<10 g kg^?1), justifying the potential for differential application of C-rich organic soil amendments. The geospatial measurements of apparent soil electrical conductivity (EC_a) and NDVI index showed significant correlation between these parameters and soil properties, revealing the potential of these tools for producing detailed soil maps, decisive for understanding the changes in soil properties under sustainable management systems.  相似文献