Variation in total phenolics and antioxidant capacity among European plum genotypes     

H.P. Vasantha Rupasinghe  S. Jayasankar  W. Lay 《Scientia Horticulturae》2006

Our objective was to determine the amount of variation in total phenolics and antioxidants present in European plum fruits, so that it can be utilized in breeding programs to enhance the health benefits. Total antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content of the fruit, and the fruit skin color were determined in 20 genotypes, comprising of released varieties and advanced selections of European plums. Among the 20 genotypes, the total antioxidant capacity ranged from 105 to 424 mg ascorbic acid equivalents (AAE)/100 g fresh weight (FW) while the total phenolic content was 86–413 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g FW. The two parameters had a strong correlation of r² = 0.96. A direct correlation between skin color intensity and total phenolic content could also be observed. This study demonstrates that there is adequate variation in total phenolic compounds and antioxidants within European plums and hence there is potential for improvement towards enhancing these health-promoting phytochemicals in this fruit.  相似文献   

What determines the size of teleost erythrocytes? Correlations with oxygen transport and nuclear volume   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

P.A. Lay  J. Baldwin 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1999,20(1):31-35

An inverse relationship exists between erythrocyte size and the aerobic swimming ability of teleosts. A functional basis for this relationship is found in larger surface area to volume ratios and shorter diffusion distances allowing more rapid oxygen transfer as erythrocyte volume decreases. However, this apparently simple functional relationship is confounded by a more general direct relationship between cell size and nuclear volume. Nuclear DNA content, which is directly proportional to nuclear volume, is known to vary at least 11 fold among teleost species. Therefore a question arises as to the relative contributions of nuclear volume and the demands of the blood oxygen delivery system in determining erythrocyte volume.These relationships were investigated by regressing erythrocyte volume against nuclear volume and whole blood haemoglobin concentration (as an index of aerobic scope) for 52 species of teleost fish from 25 families. This analysis shows that erythrocyte volume is more highly correlated with oxygen delivery than with nuclear volume. However, much of the variation in erythrocyte volume is unexplained.  相似文献   

Preliminary investigations on the effects of a Strongylus vulgaris larval extract,mononuclear factors and platelet factors on equine smooth muscle cells in vitro     

S. J. Morgan  R. W. Storts  P. C. Stromberg  B. A. Sowa  J. C. Lay 《Veterinary research communications》1989,13(6):479-489

Factors involved in the proliferation of equine vascular smooth muscle cells were studied in vitro. The most prominent proliferative responses in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells were induced by Strongylus vulgaris larval antigen extract (LAE) and platelet-derived factors. Less significant proliferative responses were obtained with conditioned media from S. vulgaris LAE stimulated and from unstimulated equine mononuclear leukocytes. Additionally, vascular smooth muscle cells exposed to S. vulgaris LAE developed numerous perinuclear vacuoles and were more spindle-shaped than control or smooth muscle cells exposed to other factors. Equine mononuclear leukocytes exposed to LAE developed prominent morphological changes, including enlargement, clumping and increased numbers of mitotic figures.  相似文献   

Effects of processing methods on the proximate composition and momordicosides K and L content of bitter melon vegetable     

Donya A  Hettiarachchy N  Liyanage R  Lay J  Chen P  Jalaluddin M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(14):5827-5833

Bitter melon (Mormodica charantia L.) has been associated with health benefits such as hypoglycemic, antiatherogenic, and anti-HIV activities. The vegetable, however, has an unpleasant bitter taste. The purpose of this research was to establish the effect of various processing methods on the moisture, lipid, and protein content of the Sri Lanka variety of bitter melon and to determine the effect of the processing methods on momordicosides K and L contents. The processing methods used were frying, blanching, sun drying, oven drying, freeze drying, and bitter masking with five different commercial bitter masking agents. Moisture, lipid, and protein analyses were done using standard AACC methods. Drying decreased moisture content from 92% to 9.5-10.2%. Frying lowered moisture content to 0.8% while increasing lipid content from 3.6 to 67%. Protein content remained unaffected by treatments. A liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC/ESI/MS) method was used to identify momordicosides K and L in methanolic extracts of fresh and processed samples. Only extracted ion chromatographs for blanched bitter melon and bitter melon with MY 68 agent showed the absence of momordicosides K and L.  相似文献   

Postnatal behavioral and physiological responses of piglets from gilts housed individually or in groups during gestation     

Sorrells AD  Eicher SD  Scott KA  Harris MJ  Pajor EA  Lay DC  Richert BT 《Journal of animal science》2006,84(3):757-766

Gestational housing of sows remains a controversial issue that may affect the well-being of both sows and piglets. Therefore, 2 types of gestational housing were used to evaluate the stress imposed on pregnant gilts by each system and the effects on the offspring by comparing production, physiology, and behavioral measures of the piglets. Forty-eight Landrace x Yorkshire gilts were randomly assigned to groups (G) of 4 per pen (n = 8 pens; 3.9 m x 2.4 m) or to individual stalls (S; n = 16 stalls; 2.21 m x 0.61 m). Gilts were moved into individual farrowing crates 5 d before the expected farrowing date. Piglets were weighed at birth, d 14, and d 35. Two barrows from each litter were weaned at d 14 (early weaning) and housed together in pens. Maintenance behaviors (head in feeder, drinking, lying, eating mash) were videotaped and observed for the first 3 d after weaning using a 10-min interval scan sampling. Belly nosing and play/fight interactions were recorded from video observations for 3 d postweaning. An isolation test (30-min duration) was performed on one piglet from each pen of barrows on d 35. Time spent lying, the number of jumps against test box walls, and grunts and squeals were recorded in real time. Salivary cortisol was collected at 30-min intervals from baseline, and 0, 30, 60, and 90 min posttest. Jugular blood was collected from 2 barrows from each litter on d 1, 7, 14, 17, 21, and 28. Plasma TNF-alpha was analyzed by ELISA, and haptoglobin, alpha1-acid glycoprotein, and immunoglobulin G were analyzed by radial immunodiffusion. More piglets from the S treatment needed to be fed a liquid feed at weaning and drank more frequently on d 2 postweaning (P < 0.05). Additionally, by d 35 piglets from S gilts had a lighter BW (10.3 kg) than G piglets (12.8 kg; P < 0.01). Piglets from S gilts also grunted more during the 30-min isolation test (number of grunts = 356) than G piglets (number of grunts = 138; P < 0.01). Salivary cortisol and immune measures were not different. These data show some behavioral and production differences between piglets from individually stalled gilts and group-housed gilts. Therefore, there may be production advantages to housing first parity gilts in groups.  相似文献   

Population structure of Nga Myin Yinn Silonia silondia in the Ayeyarwady River,Myanmar, by mitochondrial DNA markers     

Soe  Toe Toe  Thwe  Thida Lay  Aye  Pwint Thu  Myint  Kyi Thar  Lwin  Than Than  Thaung  Ye Win  Min  Aye Aye  Mitsui  Shota  Terahara  Takeshi  Endo  Masato  Yokota  Masashi  Rahman  M. Moshiur  Kobayashi  Takeshi 《Fisheries Science》2021,87(3):311-320

Fisheries Science - The Silond catfish Silonia silondia, locally known as Nga Myin Yinn, is a commercially important fish in Myanmar; however, fundamental knowledge of its population structure is...  相似文献   

Phase boundaries and mantle convection     

Vidale JE  Lay T 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1993,261(5127):1401-1402

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Genetic improvement of plant protein   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

V A Johnson  C L Lay 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1974,22(4):558-566

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Liquid chromatographic analysis of incurred amoxicillin residues in catfish muscle following oral administration of the drug     

Ang CY  Liu FF  Lay JO  Luo W  McKim K  Gehring T  Lochmann R 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2000,48(5):1673-1677

Improper application of antibiotic chemicals to livestock and aquaculture species may lead to the occurrence of residues in food supplies. An appropriate depletion period is needed after the administration of drugs to animals for ensuring that residues in edible tissues are below established tolerance levels. This study was conducted to determine incurred amoxicillin residues in catfish muscle following oral administration. Dosed fish were harvested after four depletion periods, and muscle fillets were analyzed for amoxicillin residues using an HPLC method with precolumn derivatization and fluorescence detection. The residue levels in fish after a 6-h depletion ranged from 40 to 64 ng/g with one exception at 297 ng/g. Average residue levels decreased to 5.4 and 2. 8 ng/g after 24- and 48-h depletions, respectively. Residue levels after a 72-h depletion decreased to below the method's limit of quantitation (1.2 ng/g). An LC-MS/MS confirmatory method was developed. Confirmation of the presence of amoxicillin was demonstrated in incurred fish samples containing residues at approximately 50-300 ng/g.  相似文献   

Rupture process of the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Ammon CJ  Ji C  Thio HK  Robinson D  Ni S  Hjorleifsdottir V  Kanamori H  Lay T  Das S  Helmberger D  Ichinose G  Polet J  Wald D 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,308(5725):1133-1139

The 26 December 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake initiated slowly, with small slip and a slow rupture speed for the first 40 to 60 seconds. Then the rupture expanded at a speed of about 2.5 kilometers per second toward the north northwest, extending 1200 to 1300 kilometers along the Andaman trough. Peak displacements reached approximately 15 meters along a 600-kilometer segment of the plate boundary offshore of northwestern Sumatra and the southern Nicobar islands. Slip was less in the northern 400 to 500 kilometers of the aftershock zone, and at least some slip in that region may have occurred on a time scale beyond the seismic band.  相似文献