Molecular and experimental evidence of multi-resistance of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cercospora beticola</Emphasis> field populations to MBC,DMI and QoI fungicides     

Nenad R. Trkulja  Anja G. Milosavljević  Milana S. Mitrović  Jelena B. Jović  Ivo T. Toševski  Mohamed F. R. Khan  Gary A. Secor 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2017,148(4):895-906

Binucleate Rhizoctonia (BNR) spp. isolates were collected from taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) and ginger (Zingiber officinale (Willd.) Roscoe) (Yunnanxiaojiang cv.) in Yunnan province. These Yunnan (YN) isolates did not anastomose with any of the tester isolates of the known AGs of binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. The growth of YN cultures on PDA was appressed, mealy and matlike after 4 days of incubation, then turned white brown, producing brown to dark brown, irregularly shaped sclerotia were embedded in the PDA medium after 14 days. All attempts to induce basidiospore production were unsuccessful, but the length and sequence of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS1 + 5.8S rDNA + ITS2) regions of 5.8S rDNA from the YN isolates were identical in length and sequence to isolates of all the other AGs of binucleate Rhizoctonia /Ceratobasidium spp. The sequences of 5.8S rDNA-ITS from the YN isolates were unique among AGs of BNR. The YN isolates had sequence similarities of 94% with isolates of AG Fb and P, 93% with AG E, 91% with AG R, 79–94% with AG S, and 74–87% with AG A, Ba, Bb, Bo, C, DI, DII, DIII, Fa, G, H, I, K, L, O, and Q. Four isolates of AG YN caused minor virulence (lesions ≦1mm²⁾ to ginger or taro in growth chamber studies. It was concluded that the YN isolates belong to a new anastomosis group AG-V of the Ceratobasidium spp..  相似文献   

Canola yield and quality enhanced with sulphur fertilization     

Imran  Asad Ali Khan 《Russian Agricultural Sciences》2017,43(2):113-119

Canola cultivars positively responded to sulphur fertilization in term of seed yield and oil quality. Oscar cultivar increased seed yield 53% as compared to control plots. Sulphur @ 45 kg ha^–1 increased seed yield, biological yield, and quality of rapeseed. Number of days to flowering (76), number of pods plant–1 (372), number of seeds pod–1 (24), plant height (173 cm), biological yield (15547 kg ha^–1), seed yield (2209 kg ha^–1), harvest index (19%), glucosinolate (μmol g–1) content (31.03 μmol g–1) and oil content (45.81%) was enhanced significantly with sulphur treated @ 45 kg ha^–1 applied plots as compared to delayed flowering (78 days), shortest plant (151 cm), pods formation (298 pods), seed pod–1 (21), biological yield (11090 kg ha^–1), seed yield (1436 kg ha^–1), and oil content (42.62%) in control plots. Among cultivars “Oscar” ranked first in different growth stages and attain more plant height (164 cm), and examined substantial number of pods plant–1 (359), seeds pod–1 (24), seed yield (2005 kg ha^–1), biological yield (14298 kg ha^–1), harvest index 17%, and oil content (46.29%) as compared to other sowed cultivars. On the basis of the result it is recommended that cultivar “Oscar” treated with sulphur @ 45 kg ha^–1 should be applied for higher yield and quality of rapeseed under the agro-climatic condition of swat valley.  相似文献   

Selenium enriched Garden gress (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Lepidium sativum</Emphasis> L.): Role of antioxidants and stress markers     

Afsana Praveen  Chandana Pandey  Ehasanullah Khan  Meetu Gupta 《Russian Agricultural Sciences》2017,43(2):134-137

Selenium (Se) is considered as an essential micronutrient for humans and animals. Sprouts of Garden cress (Lepidium sativum) were treated with different concentration of Se, growth parameters, antioxidant enzymes and stress markers were studied. 10 μM Se would be more beneficial, as at this concentration it showed altered biochemical traits without showing any toxicity symptoms.  相似文献   

Autonomous field navigation,data acquisition and node location in wireless sensor networks     

D. Reiser  D. S. Paraforos  M. T. Khan  H. W. Griepentrog  M. Vázquez-Arellano 《Precision Agriculture》2017,18(3):279-292

To overcome the limited transmission range of spatially separated nodes of a wireless sensor network (WSN), a small 4-wheel autonomous robot assembled the data from nodes distributed in a vineyard. First, the robot followed a predefined way-point route between the grapevine rows, in order to evaluate the sensor node locations by their received signal strength indication (RSSI). Then, the recorded and geo-referenced RSSI data were analysed and mapped. By using the evaluated node positions, an optimised second route was generated. While navigating, a laser scanner was used for obstacle detection and avoidance. Path planning with known positions of the nodes reduced the driving time by 15 times compared with the first run, because the hybrid control system used was capable of navigating within the plantation even perpendicular to the row structures. For locating the nodes, results based on trilateration were compared with the values of an attached differential global navigation satellite system (DGNSS). The results showed that it is possible to locate and geo-reference the sensor nodes with a robot, even without any prior knowledge about their absolute position. The best achieved location showed a deviation with DGNSS of 1.2 m and with RSSI trilateration of 0.6 m compared to the actual position.  相似文献   

Possible role of central interleukins on the anorexigenic effect of lipopolysaccharide in chicks     

T. Tachibana  T. Kodama  S. Yamane  R. Makino  S. I. Khan  M. A. Cline 《British poultry science》2017,58(3):305-311

1. The purpose of the present study was to determine if central interleukin-1β (IL1β), interleukin-6 (IL6) and interleukin-8 (IL8) affect feeding behaviour in chicks (Gallus gallus) and examine if central interleukins are related to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced anorexia.

2. Intra-abdominal (IA) injection of LPS significantly suppressed feeding behaviour and significantly increased mRNA expression of IL1β and IL8 in the diencephalon when compared to the control group, while IL6 tended to be increased.

3. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of 200 ng IL1β significantly decreased food intake at 60 min after the injection while IL6 and IL8 had no effect.

4. IA injection of these ILs (200 ng) had no effect on food intake in chicks.

5. ICV injection of 200 ng IL1β did not affect water intake and plasma corticosterone concentration, suggesting that central IL1β might not be related to the regulation of drinking behaviour and the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis.

6. The present study demonstrated that central IL1β but not IL6 and IL8 might be related to the inhibition of feeding in chicks.  相似文献   

Appraisal for site specific plant nutrient management through spatial variability and mapping in hilly areas of northern Pakistan     

Munir Ahmad  Dost Muhammad  Maria Mussarat  Abid Ali Khan  Shah Faisal Khan  Muhammad Waqas Javed 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2017,17(4):936-948

  相似文献   

Fabric of soil aggregates and characterization of their structural and functional stability     

K. Yu. Khan  A. I. Pozdnyakov  B. K. Son 《Eurasian Soil Science》2008,41(13):1417-1423

Results characterizing the fabric of soil aggregates are discussed. Experimental evidence and theoretical substantiation of the fabric of soil aggregate are given. Soil aggregates are characterized by the tight packing of water-stable particles arranged into certain layers. The curves of aggregate destruction follow the exponential law, which reflects the layered fabric of the aggregates and the distribution of the ”nuclei” of waterstable aggregates in them.  相似文献   

Identification and variation of glutelin alpha polypeptides in the genus Oryza assessed by two-dimensional electrophoresis and step-by-step immunodetection     

Khan N  Katsube-Tanaka T  Iida S  Yamaguchi T  Nakano J  Tsujimoto H 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(13):4955-4961

To obtain fundamental information for nutritional improvement of rice (Oryza sativa) seed proteins, the alpha polypeptides of the major storage protein glutelin varied over the genus Oryza were qualitatively and quantitatively characterized with unique methods. The polypeptides were maximally separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) composed of nonequilibrium pH gradient gel electrophoresis (NEPHGE) and higher temperature SDS-PAGE. Then the subunit for each polypeptide spot was identified with the sequential immunodetection called a step-by-step detection method, making use of highly subunit-specific antibodies. The comparative analysis showed considerable variation in the accumulation level of A-type and B-type glutelin subunits and found unknown glutelin subunits that were unable to be identified with the antibodies used. Wild species accumulating a high amount of lysine-rich B-type glutelin subunits and unknown unique subunits were identified as they might play a crucial role in nutritional quality improvement of the cultivated rice.  相似文献   

A Comparative Study of Immobilized Nitrifying and Co-Immobilized Nitrifying and Denitrifying Bacteria for Ammonia Removal from Sludge Digester Supernatant     

Christopher B. Hill  Eakalak Khan 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2008,195(1-4):23-33

Bench scale kinetic experiments were conducted to examine the use of cell immobilization in calcium alginate to remove ammonia in anaerobic sludge digester supernatant. Two systems, immobilized nitrifiers and co-immobilized nitrifiers and denitrifiers, were studied with and without the addition of methanol. Results indicated that partial nitrification (to nitrite) was achieved in both systems. The co-immobilized reactors did not exhibit the extent of nitrite accumulation observed in the solely nitrifying reactors. The nitrifying reactors were unable to buffer the hydrogen ion production, during the nitrification process, to the level the co-immobilized cell reactors achieved. Both of these differences suggested the occurrence of denitrification in the co-immobilized reactors. Scanning electron microscopic images of bacteria immobilized in the alginate spherical beads support the results of the kinetic experiments. Nitrifiers colonized in the 100–200 μm peripheral layer of the beads. Large voids caused by nitrogen gas due to denitrification were found in a number of co-immobilized bead samples.  相似文献   

Improving drought tolerance in maize by foliar application of boron: water status,antioxidative defense and photosynthetic capacity     

Muhammad Naeem  Muhammad Shahbaz Naeem  Rashid Ahmad  Riaz Ahmad  Muhammad Yasin Ashraf  Muhammad Zahid Ihsan 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2018,64(5):626-639

Boron (B) plays a vital role in cell division and elongation in apical meristem. Drought stress (DS) severely reduced the B-uptake and thus growth and crop-productivity of plants. The aims of this study were to evaluate whether foliar application of B corrects physiological-disorders under DS in two contrasting maize genotypes i.e. Dekalb-6525 (drought-tolerant) and Yousafwala-hybrid (drought-sensitive). Initially, foliar rate of B (0, 2, 4 and 6 mg L^?1) was optimized in terms of improved plant growth under drought-stress. Then, optimized rate of B (4 mg L^?1) was applied to assess the physiological and biochemical basis of B-induced improved growth of maize under deficit-moisture supply. Drought-stress reduced the growth of plants by lowering in water-status (leaf water-relations), photosynthetic capacity (gas-exchange aspects, photosynthetic-pigments), membrane permeability, imbalance in redox potential (oxidative-stress, antioxidant-defense system) and tissue-B concentration. Application of B considerably improved maize growth by improving water-status, photosynthetic capacity, tissue-B concentration as well as up-regulation of antioxidative defense-system. Moreover, ameliorative effects of B on maize was also evident from stress relieving indicators such as slight decrease in accumulation of proline, total free amino-acids, total soluble-sugars and MDA content under water-deficit conditions. In addition, cultivar Dekalb-6525 showed considerable improving response to B application over Yousafwala-hybrid.  相似文献