Broadening the genetic base of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Brassica napus</Emphasis> canola by interspecific crosses with different variants of <Emphasis Type="Italic">B. oleracea</Emphasis>     

R. Iftikhar  X. Wang  H. Rahman 《Euphytica》2018,214(8):133

Broadening the genetic base of the C genome of Brassica napus canola by use of B. oleracea is important. In this study, the prospect of developing B. napus canola lines from B. napus?×?B. oleracea var. alboglabra, botrytis, italica and capitata crosses and the effect of backcrossing the F₁’s to B. napus were investigated. The efficiency of the production of the F₁’s varied depending on the B. oleracea variant used in the cross. Fertility of the F₁ plants was low—produced, on average, about 0.7 F₂ seeds per self-pollination and similar number of BC₁ seeds on backcrossing to B. napus. The F₃ population showed greater fertility than the BC₁F₂; however, this difference diminished with the advancement of generation. The advanced generation populations, whether derived from F₂ or BC₁, showed similar fertility and produced similar size silique with similar number of seeds per silique. Progeny of all F₁’s and BC₁’s stabilized into B. napus, although B. oleracea plant was expected, especially in the progeny of F₁ (ACC) owing to elimination of the A chromosomes during meiosis. Segregation distortion for erucic acid alleles occurred in both F₂ and BC₁ resulting significantly fewer zero-erucic plants than expected; however, plants with?≤?15% erucic acid frequently yielded zero-erucic progeny. No consistent correlation between parent and progeny generation was found for seed glucosinolate content; however, selection for this trait was effective and B. napus canola lines were obtained from all crosses. Silique length showed positive correlation with seed set; the advanced generation populations, whether derived from F₂ or BC₁, were similar for these traits. SSR marker analysis showed that genetically diverse canola lines can be developed by using different variants of B. oleracea in B. napus?×?B. oleracea interspecific crosses.  相似文献   

乙烯与1-MCP处理对伯谢克辛甜瓜采后生理品质的影响     

张明明  白羽嘉  热合满·艾拉  王玉红  李梦  玛尔哈巴·帕尔哈提  冯作山 《新疆农业科学》2018,55(10):1829-1836

【目的】 研究乙烯与1-MCP处理在7℃冷藏条件下对伯谢克辛甜瓜采后生理品质的影响,为甜瓜采后贮藏保鲜提供理论依据。【方法】 以伯谢克辛甜瓜为原料,分别采用500 mg/L的乙烯和2 μL/L 1-MCP对甜瓜进行处理,每隔24 h测定甜瓜果实硬度、呼吸强度、细胞膜渗透率、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、还原糖、VC、可滴定酸等品质指标。【结果】 与CK相比,1-MCP可以明显降低甜瓜果实呼吸强度、细胞膜渗透率,保持甜瓜果实硬度,抑制可溶性固形物、还原糖、总糖、可滴定酸、VC含量下降,乙烯处理降低果实硬度,促进果实中可溶性固形物、糖、酸含量和VC含量的下降。【结论】 伯谢克辛甜瓜为乙烯敏感性果实,1-MCP处理能够抑制甜瓜采后呼吸作用,减缓甜瓜果实营养物质的流失,较好的保持甜瓜品质,乙烯处理提高了甜瓜的呼吸强度和细胞膜透性,降低果实硬度,加速了果实采后品质劣变及软化衰老进程。  相似文献   

An Overview of the Medical Applications of Marine Skeletal Matrix Proteins     

M. Azizur Rahman 《Marine drugs》2016,14(9)

In recent years, the medicinal potential of marine organisms has attracted increasing attention. This is due to their immense diversity and adaptation to unique ecological niches that has led to vast physiological and biochemical diversification. Among these organisms, marine calcifiers are an abundant source of novel proteins and chemical entities that can be used for drug discovery. Studies of the skeletal organic matrix proteins of marine calcifiers have focused on biomedical applications such as the identification of growth inducing proteins that can be used for bone regeneration, for example, 2/4 bone morphogenic proteins (BMP). Although a few reports on the functions of proteins derived from marine calcifiers can be found in the literature, marine calcifiers themselves remain an untapped source of proteins for the development of innovative pharmaceuticals. Following an overview of the current knowledge of skeletal organic matrix proteins from marine calcifiers, this review will focus on various aspects of marine skeletal protein research including sources, biosynthesis, structures, and possible strategies for chemical or physical modification. Special attention will be given to potential medical applications and recent discoveries of skeletal proteins and polysaccharides with biologically appealing characteristics. In addition, I will introduce an effective protocol for sample preparation and protein purification that includes isolation technology for biopolymers (of both soluble and insoluble organic matrices) from coralline algae. These algae are a widespread but poorly studied group of shallow marine calcifiers that have great potential for marine drug discovery.  相似文献   

Effect of arsenic on concentrations and translocations of mineral elements in the xylem of rice     

Molla Rahman Shaibur  Koichiro Sera  Shigenao Kawai 《Journal of plant nutrition》2016,39(3):365-376

By using Particle-Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) technique, the effect of arsenic (As) on the mineral contents and translocation in the xylem of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. ‘Akihikari’) was studied. The results suggest that exogenous As increased the concentrations of phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca) magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), and manganese (Mn) in xylem, while the concentrations of potassium (K) remained unchanged. The highest concentration of As to the rice roots did not have any clear effect on the translocation of P, Ca, S, and chlorine (Cl) in the xylem, indicating that the increasing concentrations of the minerals may be due to a condensation effect, resulting from the repression of water movement in xylem by As-toxicity. Among the metal micronutrients, As decreased the concentrations and translocations of iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu).  相似文献   

Antifungal effect of chito-oligosaccharides with different degrees of polymerization     

Md. Hafizur Rahman  Linda Gordon Hjeljord  Berit B. Aam  Morten Sørlie  Arne Tronsmo 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2015,141(1):147-158

  相似文献   

Larval feeding behaviour of angel fish Pterophyllum scalare (Cichlidae) fed copepod Eucyclops serrulatus and cladoceran Ceriodaphnia quadrangula     

Omidvar Farhadian  Rahman Kharamannia  Nasrollah Mahboobi Soofiani  Eisa Ebrahimi Dorche 《Aquaculture Research》2014,45(7):1212-1223

Three different live diets, Eucyclops serrulatus, Ceriodaphnia quadrangula and equal combination of E. serrulatus copepodid and C. quadrangula, were offered to angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare) larvae viz 1‐week, 2‐week and 3‐week old at prey densities of 2, 5 and 10 individuals mL^?1. Results showed that 1‐week‐old P. scalare larvae consumed E. serrulatus copepodid at a rate of 31.3–56.7 ind. h^?1, C. quadrangula at 8.0–12.0 ind. h^?1, and mixture of E. serrulatus and C. quadrangula at 20.7–40.7 ind. h^?1. For 2‐week‐ and 3‐week‐old larvae, consumption rate increased accordingly. The electivity indices (E) of P. scalare (1‐week‐old larvae) for E. serrulatus copepodid were +0.18, +0.23 and +0.22 at prey densities of 2, 5 and 10 ind. mL^?1 respectively. Tendency towards E. serrulatus copepodid consumption reduced by aging P. scalare as indicated by the E values for 2‐ and 3‐week‐old larvae. However, growth and survival of P. scalare larvae was greatest when fed on combination of copepod E. serrulatus and C. quadrangula.  相似文献   

A high virulence and pathotype diversity of Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici at its centre of diversity,the Himalayan region of Pakistan     

Sajid Ali  Marc Leconte  Hidayatur Rahman  Muhammad Shahab Saqib  Pierre Gladieux  Jérôme Enjalbert  Claude de Vallavieille-Pope 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2014,140(2):275-290

Information on the pathogen virulence profile and diversity across locations is crucial for host germplasm improvement and deployment. The rapid acquisition of virulence to host resistance by the wheat yellow/stripe rust pathogen (Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici: PST), makes it crucial to know about its virulence and pathotype diversity. Recent studies have shown the plausible centre of origin of the pathogen in the Himalayan region, with Pakistan being the most ancestral to all other worldwide populations. To assess the status of virulence and pathotype diversity in the Himalayan region of Pakistan, a set of 127 PST infected wheat samples from eight locations were collected, multiplied and pathotyped using a set of 36 differential lines from the world set, European and Chinese sets, and 9 Avocet Yr isolines. Virulence (Vr) was recorded to 18 out of 24 tested yellow rust resistance (Yr) genes, while a total of 53 pathotypes were detected out of 127 isolates tested. Virulence was found to the resistance genes rarely deployed in Pakistan (Vr8) or even worldwide level (Vr5), while virulence to Vilmorin 23 (Yr3+) was absent in Pakistan, which is common in Europe. None of the pathotypes was dominant across all locations, however, no clear spatial structuring was observed for the studied locations. Our results suggested a high virulence and pathotype diversity in line with the previously proposed potential role of sexual recombination in the temporal maintenance of PST in the Himalayan region of Pakistan. This information should be useful in host resistance gene improvement and deployment.  相似文献   

Two new species,Phytophthora nagaii sp. nov. and P. fragariaefolia sp. nov., causing serious diseases on rose and strawberry plants,respectively, in Japan     

Mohammad Ziaur Rahman  Seiji Uematsu  Toru Takeuchi  Kayo Shirai  Yasushi Ishiguro  Haruhisa Suga  Koji Kageyama 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2014,80(4):348-365

A new disease of rose was noticed in Chiba Prefecture of Japan in 1968, and the pathogen was initially identified as Phytophthora megasperma based on morphological characteristics. Similar Phytophthora isolates have since been collected from rose plants in Chiba, Kanagawa, and Shizuoka Prefectures. In 2005, several Phytophthora isolates were recovered from crowns of strawberry plants in Hokkaido Prefecture. These were considered to be members of a new species. In this study, we re-examined all these isolates using morphological and physiological studies and a multilocus phylogenetic analysis. The rose and strawberry isolates were mostly similar morphologically and physiologically, with some exceptions. The rose isolates differed significantly from P. megasperma sensu stricto and other related Phytophthora species. The rose and strawberry isolates had external proliferation of sporangia, characteristic funnel-shaped oogonia, predominantly paragynous antheridia, and fast growth rates of 10.5 mm/24 h at an optimum temperature of 28 °C. In the multilocus phylogenetic tree constructed using sequences from the rDNA ITS regions, rDNA LSU, and the translation elongation factor 1-α, β-tubulin and coxI genes, they formed a distinct monophyletic group in clade 7 with strong bootstrap support. The rose and strawberry isolates separated into two distinct groups. The results indicate that the rose and strawberry isolates constitute two separate species, designated here as Phytophthora nagaii and P. fragariaefolia.  相似文献   

Quantitative trait loci mapping of seed colour,hairy leaf,seedling anthocyanin,leaf chlorosis and days to flowering in F2 population of Brassica rapa L.     

Mukhlesur Rahman  Sujan Mamidi  Phillip McClean 《Plant Breeding》2014,133(3):381-389

A diversity arrays technology (DArT) map was constructed to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting seed colour, hairy leaf, seedling anthocyanin, leaf chlorosis and days to flowering in Brassica rapa using a F₂ population from a cross between two parents with contrasting traits. Two genes with dominant epistatic interaction were responsible for seed colour. One major dominant gene controls the hairy leaf trait. Seedling anthocyanin was controlled by a major single dominant gene. The parents did not exhibit leaf chlorosis; however, 32% F₂ plants showed leaf chlorosis in the population. A distorted segregation was observed for days to flowering in the F₂ population. A linkage map was constructed with 376 DArT markers distributed over 12 linkage groups covering 579.7 cM. The DArT markers were assigned on different chromosomes of B. rapa using B. rapa genome sequences and DArT consensus map of B. napus. Two QTL (RSC1‐2 and RSC12‐56) located on chromosome A8 and chromosome A9 were identified for seed colour, which explained 19.4% and 18.2% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. The seed colour marker located in the ortholog to Arabidopsis thaliana Transparent Testa2 (AtTT2). Two QTL RLH6‐0 and RLH9‐16 were identified for hairy leaf, which explained 31.6% and 20.7% phenotypic variation, respectively. A single QTL (RSAn‐12‐157) on chromosome A7, which explained 12.8% of phenotypic variation was detected for seedling anthocyanin. The seedling anthocyanin marker is found within the A. thaliana Transparent Testa12 (AtTT12) ortholog. A QTL (RLC6‐04) for leaf chlorosis was identified, which explained 55.3% of phenotypic variation. QTL for hairy leaf and leaf chlorosis were located 0–4 cM apart on the same chromosome A1. A single QTL (RDF‐10‐0) for days to flowering was identified, which explained 21.4% phenotypic variation.  相似文献   

渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲土地资源合理利用对策分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

满苏尔·沙比提  热合漫·玉苏甫  阿布拉江·苏莱曼 《干旱区资源与环境》2004,18(1):111-116

本文对干旱区内陆河流域下游具有代表性的渭干河—库车河三角洲绿洲土地资源特征和存在的问题进行了详细的分析 ,分析表明 ,土地资源数量大、质量差、利用率低 ,土壤类型多 ;草场面积大、质量差 ;森林覆盖率低、疏林、灌木林比重大 ;土地利用中存在结构不合理 ,特别是林业、畜牧业比重偏低 ,绿肥和饲料作物面积过小 ;土壤次生盐渍化严重、土壤肥力下降 ,经营管理粗放、单产水平不高 ;草场面积锐减 ,森林资源破坏严重 ,保护绿洲的能力下降。在此基础上 ,提出了优化农业用地结构 ,提高土地利用综合效益 ;增加对农业用地开发利用的投入 ,促进农业用地由粗放型向集约型的转变 ;保护和更新胡杨林 ;保护和建设草场 ;大力治理盐碱 ;发展节水灌溉农业 ,提高水资源利用效益 ;扩大绿洲规模 ,加快城市化建设等持续合理利用土地资源的对策。  相似文献