Growth characteristics and reproductive output of dwarf mistletoe-infected Juniperus polycarpos in Iran     

Abolfazl Daneshvar  Mulualem Tigabu  Mostafa Farhadi  Per Christer Odn  Asaddollah Karimidoost 《林业研究》2014,25(4):827-834

Dwarf mistletoes are parasitic flowering plants that infect conifers, resulting in substantial loss of growth and mortality. Recently, forest managers in Iran are contemplating whether infection of Juniperus polycarpos C. Koch forests by dwarf mistletoe, Arceuthobium oxycedri （DC.） M. Bieb, influences tree vigor and contributes to insuffieient natural regeneration. The present study aimed at assessing the severity of infection and its impact on growth and reproductive output of./., polycar- pos. Infected and uninfected trees （n =20 each） were selected for assess- ment of diameter, height, crown area, and crown volume as well as quantity and quality of cones and seeds. The severity of infection of trees was determined by Hawksworth＇s 6-class dwarf mistletoe rating （DMR） system. The DMR system revealed that 40% of the infected sample trees were lightly infected （DMR =1-2） and 60% were moderately infected （DMR =3--4）. Growth characteristics did not differ significantly （p 〉 0.05） between infected and uninfected trees. However, moderate infec- tion affected the reproductive output of./. polycarpos by significantly （p 〈0.05） reducing the mean number of cones per unit area of the crown, increasing the number of damaged seeds, and reducing seed size and seedgermination capacity. We conclude that reproductive output of J.. poly- carpos is more sensitive than growth characters to moderate infection by juniper dwarf mistletoe, and this might partly account for poor natural regeneration.  相似文献   

Characteristics of chemical components in genetic resources of garlic Allium sativum collected from all over the world     

Sho Hirata  Mostafa Abdelrahman  Naoki Yamauchi  Masayoshi Shigyo 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2016,63(1):35-45

The aim of this work was to evaluate garlic diversity based on the production of chemical components in the bulbs and geographical distribution. A total of 103 garlic clones collected from worldwide sources were grown in Yamaguchi, Japan. The chemical contents–S-allyl-l-cysteine sulfoxide (AlCSO), and phenolic content—of garlic collections were determined by HPLC and Folin–Ciocalteu assay, respectively. Quantitative analysis of the chemical content showed wide variations between geographical collection sites. Morphological observation of inflorescence was performed, and clones were divided into four types according to their bolting traits: Type A—bolters, producing mainly florets; Type B—bolters, producing mainly bulbils; Type C—incomplete bolters; and Type D—non-bolters. The appearance frequencies of the bolting types varied depending on the latitude of the collection sites. A comparison of these four different types was carried out based on chemical composition data. Garlic clones that possessed florets showed a tendency for higher amount of AlCSO content than did Type B. Moreover, it was confirmed that as distance increased from high-latitude areas (Central Asia and The Northern Mediterranean), the garlic was more likely to produce bulbils in the inflorescence with lower AlCSO content and higher phenolic content. This research suggested that garlic’s transition of from sexual propagation to asexual (vegetative) propagation and changes in the chemical composition of the bulbs would have occurred in the process of expanding garlic cultivation. In conclusion, garlic seems to have obtained high environmental adaptability with these transitions and changes via artificial selection.  相似文献   

Effect of gamma-irradiation combined with washing and waxing treatment on physicochemical properties,vitamin C,and organoleptic quality of Citrus clementina Hort. Ex. Tanaka     

Mahrouz M  Lacroix M  D'Aprano G  Oufedjikh H  Boubekri C  Gagnon M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(25):7271-7276

To enhance the shelf life of a late variety of Moroccan Citrus clementina (Nour), ionizing treatments were applied at 0.3 kGy, as well as washing (cold water) and waxing treatments. It has been found that, despite the irradiation treatment, the washing and waxing treatment do not improve the quality of C. clementina, but rather result in yellower peels, peel injury, and reductions of vitamin C content, acidity, and soluble solids. However, gamma-irradiation alone enhanced significantly (p 相似文献   

Melatonin can improve viability and functional integrity of cooled and frozen/thawed rabbit spermatozoa     

Aya M. Fadl  Abdel Raouf M. Ghallab  Mostafa M. Abou-Ahmed  Adel R. Moawad 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2021,56(1):103-111

Melatonin is known to protect sperm against freezing-inflicted damage in different domestic species. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of supplementation of semen extender with melatonin on the quality and DNA integrity of cooled and frozen/thawed rabbit spermatozoa. We also investigated whether the addition of melatonin to the semen extender could improve the fertility of rabbit does artificially inseminated with frozen/thawed semen. Semen samples collected from eight rabbit bucks were pooled and then diluted in INRA-82 supplemented either with (0.5, 1.0 or 1.5 mM) or without (0.0 mM) melatonin. Diluted semen was cooled at 5°C for 24 hr. For cryopreservation and based on the first experiment's best result, semen samples were diluted in INRA-82 in the presence or absence of 1.0 mM melatonin and then frozen in 0.25 ml straws. Following cooling or thawing, sperm quality and DNA integrity were evaluated. Furthermore, the fertility of frozen/thawed semen was investigated after artificial insemination. Supplementation of semen extender with 1.0 mM melatonin improved (p < .05) motility, viability, membrane and acrosome integrities in cooled semen compared with other groups. Sperm quality and DNA integrity were higher (p < .05) in frozen/thawed semen diluted in 1.0 mM melatonin-supplemented extender than in the control group. Conception and birth rates were higher in does inseminated with 1.0 mM melatonin treated semen compared with the controls. In conclusion, supplementation of semen extender with 1.0 mM melatonin improved the quality of cooled and frozen/thawed rabbit spermatozoa. Melatonin can preserve DNA integrity and enhance the fertility of frozen/thawed rabbit spermatozoa.  相似文献   

Effect of 24-epibrassinolide on growth,yield, antioxidant system and cadmium content of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants under salinity and cadmium stress     

Mostafa M. Rady 《Scientia Horticulturae》2011

The plants of Phaseolus vulgaris L. were grown in the presence of NaCl and/or CdCl₂ and were sprayed with 5 μM of 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) at 15 days after transplanting (DAT) and were sampled at 30 DAT and at the end of experiment. The plants exposed to NaCl and/or CdCl₂ exhibited a significant decline in growth, the level of pigment parameters, green pod yield and pod protein. However, the follow up treatment with EBL detoxified the stress generated by NaCl and/or CdCl₂ and significantly improved the above parameters. The NaCl and/or CdCl₂ increased electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation and plant Cd²⁺ content, and decreased the membrane stability index (MSI) and relative water content. However, the EBL treatment in absence of the stress improved the MSI and relative water content and minimized plant Cd²⁺ content but could not influence electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation. The antioxidative enzymes and the level of proline exhibited a significant increase in response to EBL as well as to NaCl and/or CdCl₂ stress.  相似文献   

Indoor air quality improvement from particle matters for laying hen poultry houses     

Ehab Mostafa  Wolfgang Buescher 《Biosystems Engineering》2011,109(1):22-36

  相似文献   

Effect of interceptor drainage on phosphorus transport and soil chemical characteristics under different cultivation conditions     

Soltani-Gerdefaramarzi  Somayeh  Taghizadeh-Mehrjardi  Ruhollah  Kerry  Ruth  Shirmardi  Mostafa 《Paddy and Water Environment》2021,19(4):585-594

Paddy and Water Environment - Drainage is a profitable water management operation in waterlogged soils, particularly in hot, arid environments where waterlogging is caused by irrigation and salts...  相似文献   

Marine Natural Products: Promising Candidates in the Modulation of Gut-Brain Axis towards Neuroprotection     

Sajad Fakhri  Akram Yarmohammadi  Mostafa Yarmohammadi  Mohammad Hosein Farzaei  Javier Echeverria 《Marine drugs》2021,19(3)

In recent decades, several neuroprotective agents have been provided in combating neuronal dysfunctions; however, no effective treatment has been found towards the complete eradication of neurodegenerative diseases. From the pathophysiological point of view, growing studies are indicating a bidirectional relationship between gut and brain termed gut-brain axis in the context of health/disease. Revealing the gut-brain axis has survived new hopes in the prevention, management, and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Accordingly, introducing novel alternative therapies in regulating the gut-brain axis seems to be an emerging concept to pave the road in fighting neurodegenerative diseases. Growing studies have developed marine-derived natural products as hopeful candidates in a simultaneous targeting of gut-brain dysregulated mediators towards neuroprotection. Of marine natural products, carotenoids (e.g., fucoxanthin, and astaxanthin), phytosterols (e.g., fucosterol), polysaccharides (e.g., fucoidan, chitosan, alginate, and laminarin), macrolactins (e.g., macrolactin A), diterpenes (e.g., lobocrasol, excavatolide B, and crassumol E) and sesquiterpenes (e.g., zonarol) have shown to be promising candidates in modulating gut-brain axis. The aforementioned marine natural products are potential regulators of inflammatory, apoptotic, and oxidative stress mediators towards a bidirectional regulation of the gut-brain axis. The present study aims at describing the gut-brain axis, the importance of gut microbiota in neurological diseases, as well as the modulatory role of marine natural products towards neuroprotection.  相似文献   

Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activities of the Fungal Metabolites Isolated from the Marine Endophytes Epicoccum nigrum M13 and Alternaria alternata 13A     

M. Mallique Qader  Ahmed A. Hamed  Sylvia Soldatou  Mohamed Abdelraof  Mohamed E. Elawady  Ahmed S. I. Hassane  Lassaad Belbahri  Rainer Ebel  Mostafa E. Rateb 《Marine drugs》2021,19(4)

Epicotripeptin (1), a new cyclic tripeptide along with four known cyclic dipeptides (2–5) and one acetamide derivative (6) were isolated from seagrass-associated endophytic fungus Epicoccum nigrum M13 recovered from the Red Sea. Additionally, two new compounds, cyclodidepsipeptide phragamide A (7) and trioxobutanamide derivative phragamide B (8), together with eight known compounds (9–16), were isolated from plant-derived endophyte Alternaria alternata 13A collected from a saline lake of Wadi El Natrun depression in the Sahara Desert. The structures of the isolated compounds were determined based on the 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data, HRESIMS data, and a comparison with the reported literature. The absolute configurations of 1 and 7 were established by advanced Marfey’s and Mosher’s ester analyses. The antimicrobial screening indicated that seven of the tested compounds exhibited considerable (MIC range of 2.5–5 µg/mL) to moderate (10–20 µg/mL) antibacterial effect against the tested Gram-positive strains and moderate to weak (10–30 µg/mL) antibacterial effect against Gram-negative strains. Most of the compounds exhibited weak or no activity against the tested Gram-negative strains. On the other hand, four of the tested compounds showed considerable antibiofilm effects against biofilm forming Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains.  相似文献   

Isolation and characterization of potassium solubilizing bacteria in some Iranian soils     

Javad Keshavarz Zarjani  Nasser Aliasgharzad  Shahin Oustan  Mostafa Emadi  Ali Ahmadi 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(12):1713-1723

The ability of a few soil bacteria to transform unavailable forms of potassium (K) to an available form is an important feature in plant growth-promoting bacteria for increasing plant yields of high-K-demand crops. In this research, isolation, screening, and characterization of six isolates of K solubilizing bacteria (KSB) from some Iranian soils were carried out. The ability of all isolates were tested in three treatments including acid-leached soil, biotite, and muscovite by analyzing the soluble K content after 5 days of incubation at 28 ± 2°C. Identification and phylogenetic analyses were also carried out by morphological, biochemical, and 16S rDNA analyses. Among the six efficient isolates, five isolates belonged to Bacillus megaterium (JK3, JK4, JK5, JK6, and JK7), while isolate JK2 belonged to Arthrobacter sp. The soluble K contents in all isolated-treatments were significantly (p < 0.01) higher than the contents in nonbacteria treatment. Herein, isolate JK2 had lower potential for K solubilization (910 mg kg^?1) compared with other isolates in acid-leached soils. The six bacterial strains showed higher solubilized K in biotite treatment than other two treatments. Overall, it can be concluded that the isolates belong to B. megaterium are the most efficient KSB under in vitro condition.  相似文献