Herd-level risk factors for subclinical Salmonella infection in European finishing-pig herds   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Lo Fo Wong DM  Dahl J  Stege H  van der Wolf PJ  Leontides L  von Altrock A  Thorberg BM 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2004,62(4):253-266

Our objective was to find herd factors associated with pigs testing seropositive for Salmonella. Data were collected from 359 finishing-pig herds in Germany, Denmark, Greece, The Netherlands and Sweden, between 1996 and 1998. Pigs fed non-pelleted feed (dry or wet) had 2- and 2.5-times lower odds of seropositivity, compared to pigs fed pelleted feed. The protective effect of non-pelleted feed over pelleted feed may be ascribed to the structure and composition. Also, pigs that were given whey (to drink or as the liquid part of the diet) had 2.6-times lower odds to test seropositive than pigs not getting whey. Pigs produced in batches in herds with hygienic-lock facilities had >3-times lower odds for testing seropositive compared to pigs in herds where only one or neither factor was present. In herds where the caretaker(s) washed hands consistently before tending to the animals, pigs had 1.5-times lower odds of seropositivity than pigs in herds where the caretaker did not. Pigs which were able to have snout contact with pigs in neighbouring pens (because pen separations were either open or too low) had 1.7-times higher odds to test seropositive compared to pigs for which such contact was prevented. Pigs in herds recruiting from more than three supplier herds had three-times higher odds to test seropositive than pigs in herds which breed their own replacement stock or recruit from a maximum of three supplier herds.  相似文献   

The need for a cross-species approach to the study of pain in animals     

Paul-Murphy J  Ludders JW  Robertson SA  Gaynor JS  Hellyer PW  Wong PL 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2004,224(5):692-697

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贵州省赤水市大棚种植金钗石斛的气候评价     

翁玲  陈宇 《北京农业》2012,(18):160-161

对赤水市大棚小气候特征与石斛生长气象条件进行对比分析。结果表明,整个春末至秋初,棚内气温达到石斛生长适宜温度,冬季气温满足石斛冬眠需要;夏季棚内最高气温超出石斛生长的最高临界温度4.0～7.0℃,春秋两季棚内最高气温上限也达到石斛生长的最高临界温度,但最低气温均高于石斛生长的最低临界温度。对不利于大棚石斛生产的气象条件,提出具有针对性和合理化的小气候调控措施。  相似文献   

番茄黄化曲叶病毒病防控技术     

翁爱群 《北京农业》2012,(18):84

介绍做好番茄黄化曲叶病毒病防控的基本原则,以及做好番茄黄化曲叶病毒病防控的具体措施。  相似文献   

Excitation of orbital angular momentum resonances in helically twisted photonic crystal fiber     

GK Wong  MS Kang  HW Lee  F Biancalana  C Conti  T Weiss  PS Russell 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,337(6093):446-449

Spiral twisting offers additional opportunities for controlling the loss, dispersion, and polarization state of light in optical fibers with noncircular guiding cores. Here, we report an effect that appears in continuously twisted photonic crystal fiber. Guided by the helical lattice of hollow channels, cladding light is forced to follow a spiral path. This diverts a fraction of the axial momentum flow into the azimuthal direction, leading to the formation of discrete orbital angular momentum states at wavelengths that scale linearly with the twist rate. Core-guided light phase-matches topologically to these leaky states, causing a series of dips in the transmitted spectrum. Twisted photonic crystal fiber has potential applications in, for example, band-rejection filters and dispersion control.  相似文献   

Osteogenic proliferation and differentiation of canine bone marrow and adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stromal cells and the influence of hypoxia     

Chung DJ  Hayashi K  Toupadakis CA  Wong A  Yellowley CE 《Research in veterinary science》2012,92(1):66-75

The aim of this study was to compare the osteogenic and proliferative potential of canine mesenchymal stromal cells (cMSCs) derived from bone marrow (BM-cMSCs) and adipose tissue (AT-cMSCs). Proliferation potential was determined under varying oxygen tensions (1%, 5%, and 21% O(2)). Effects of reduced oxygen levels on the osteogenic differentiation of AT-cMSCs were also investigated. AT-cMSCs proliferated at a significantly faster rate than BM-cMSCs, although both cell types showed robust osteogenic differentiation. Culture in 5% and 1% O(2) impaired proliferation in cMSC from both sources and osteogenic differentiation in AT-cMSCs. Our data suggests that AT-cMSCs might be more suitable for use in a clinical situation, where large cell numbers are required for bone repair, due to their rapid proliferation combined with robust osteogenic potential. Our data also suggests that the inhibitory effects of hypoxia on both cell proliferation and differentiation should be considered when using MSCs in a potentially hypoxic environment such as a fracture site.  相似文献   

Antibacterial carbazole alkaloids from Clausena harmandiana twigs     

Maneerat W  Phakhodee W  Ritthiwigrom T  Cheenpracha S  Promgool T  Yossathera K  Deachathai S  Laphookhieo S 《Fitoterapia》2012,83(6):1110-1114

Three new carbazole alkaloids, harmandianamines A-C (1-3), together with fifteen known compounds (4-18) were isolated from the twigs of Clausena harmandiana. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including UV, IR, NMR, and MS. The antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli TISTR 780, Salmonella typhimurium TISTR 292, Staphylococcus aureus TISTR 1466 and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) SK1 of some isolated compounds was also evaluated. Compound 6 exhibited significant antibacterial activity against MRSA SK1 with an MIC value of 0.25 μg/mL which higher than that of standard drug, vancomycin (MIC value=1 μg/mL) whereas compounds 14 and 5 showed strong activity with MIC values of 4 and 8 μg/mL, respectively. Only compound 14 showed strong antibacterial activity against S. aureus TISTR 1466 with an MIC value of 4 μg/mL.  相似文献   

Using combined measurements for comparison of light induction of stomatal conductance, electron transport rate and CO2 fixation in woody and fern species adapted to different light regimes     

Wong SL  Chen CW  Huang HW  Weng JH 《Tree physiology》2012,32(5):535-544

We aimed to understand the relation of photosynthetic rate (A) with g(s) and electron transport rate (ETR) in species of great taxonomic range and light adaptation capability during photosynthetic light induction. We studied three woody species (Alnus formosana, Ardisia crenata and Ardisia cornudentata) and four fern species (Pyrrosia lingus, Asplenium antiquum, Diplazium donianum and Archangiopteris somai) with different light adaptation capabilities. Pot-grown materials received 100 and/or 10% sunlight according to their light adaptation capabilities. At least 4 months after light acclimation, CO(2) and H(2)O exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured simultaneously by equipment in the laboratory. In plants adapted or acclimated to low light, dark-adapted leaves exposed to 500 or 2000 μmol m(-2) s(-1) photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) for 30 min showed low gross photosynthetic rate (P(g)) and short time required to reach 90% of maximum P(g) (). At the initiation of illumination, two broad-leaved understory shrubs and the four ferns, especially ferns adapted to heavy shade, showed higher stomatal conductance (g(s)) than pioneer tree species; materials with higher g(s) had short at both 500 and 2000 μmol m(-2) s(-1) PPF. With 500 or 2000 μmol m(-2) s(-1) PPF, the g(s) for the three woody species increased from 2 to 30 min after the start of illumination, but little change in the g(s) of the four ferns. Thus, P(g) and g(s) were not correlated for all material measured at the same PPF and induction time. However, P(g) was positively correlated with ETR, even though CO(2) assimilation may be influenced by stomatal, biochemical and photoinhibitory limitations. In addition, was closely related to time required to reach 90% maximal ETR for all materials and with two levels of PPF combined. Thus, ETR is a good indicator for estimating the light induction of photosynthetic rate of species, across a wide taxonomic range and light adaptation and acclimation capability.  相似文献   

Aromatic polyimides with high melt index modified by 1,6-hexamethylenediamine     

Bor-Kuan Chen  Tzi-Yi Wu  Cheng-Hao Lin  Jhong-Ming Wong 《Fibers and Polymers》2013,14(7):1051-1057

1,6-Hexamethylenediamine (HMDA) is utilized to synthesize copolyimides based on bisphenol-A dianhydride and 4,4-oxydianiline or 1,4-bis(4-aminophenoxy) benzene. The purpose of this study is to modify the processability of aromatic polyimides for textile processing and melt property requirements. Polyimides containing an aliphatic HMDA are synthesized via random and block copolymerizations. Variations in the aliphatic content produce a series of polyimides that have different thermal stability, mechanical properties, and processing characteristics. Based on the results, polyimides synthesized with 25 % HMDA have better mechanical properties compared to other contents of HMDA, and block copolyimides have better processability with higher melt index than random copolymers.  相似文献   

Dyeing behavior of laser-treated polyester     

C. W. Kan  C. C. Wong 《Fibers and Polymers》2013,14(2):230-235

Polyester fabric was pre-treated with laser, followed by dyeing. The experimental results revealed that the rate of dyeing was greatly increased but the final percentage of dye exhaustion at equilibrium did not show any significant change. Based on the thermodynamic parameter of dyeing, it was concluded that laser treatment could provide the possibility of developing a low temperature dyeing process. Morphological and thermal studies revealed that obvious surface structure changes occurred. In the morphological analysis, ripple-like structure was found after laser treatment. This ripple-like structure may have captured more dye particles which could improve the dyeing behavior of polyester fibre. On the other hand, thermal analysis result revealed that the surface of polyester becomes highly amorphous on laser treatment, due to ablation. Meanwhile, XPS analysis showed that hydrophilic functional groups were introduced on to the laser-treated polyester fibre surface. As a result, surface physical and chemical changes induced by laser affect the dyeing behavior of polyester fibre. However, the laser treatment could not impart any adverse effect on color fastness to crocking and washing.  相似文献