Alternative Marketing Strategies for Honey and Other Bee Products in Turkey     

Gamze Saner  Murat Yercan  Dr. Sait Engindeniz  Buket Karaturhan  Figen Cukur 《Journal Of Agricultural & Food Information》2013,14(4):65-74

ABSTRACT

Turkey is the fourth leading honey producing country in the world after China, the United States, and Argentina, with around 5.35% of the market. One of the most important problems facing the Turkish beekeeping sector is marketing. In general, the market structure for animal products in Turkey has a confusing chain, which causes great differences between producer and consumer prices. Beekeepers have several alternatives for marketing their honey in Turkey: they may sell directly to consumers (in local markets or roadside stands), to a honey cooperative, to a wholesaler, to a honey packer or dealer, and/or to the export market. This study examines the marketing channels for honey and other bee products in Turkey, discusses the problems and defects of the current system from the perspective of producers and other actors in the market, and suggests solutions that include an increased role for cooperatives and extension services.  相似文献   

新型双螺杆挤压膨化机的特性     

汪沐 《渔业现代化》2007,34(3):50-51

当今世界各国对环保的要求越来越严,尤其将水产养殖业对水质的保护和养殖水产品的安全及质量放在首要地位。作为对水质环境影响较小的挤压膨化饲料越来越受重视。据统计,美国70%水产饲料、韩国100%水产饲料生产均采用挤压膨化加工技术。中国也有越来越多的饲料加工企业逐步用挤  相似文献   

A hybrid swarm population of Pinus densiflora × P. sylvestris inferred from sequence analysis of chloroplast DNA and morphological characters     

Young Hee Joung  Jerry L. Hill  Jung Oh Hyun  Ding Mu  Juchun Luo  Do Hyung Lee  Takayuki Kawahara  Jeung Keun Suh  Mark S. Roh 《林业研究》2013,24(1):53-60

To confirm a hybrid swarm population of Pinus densiflora × P. sylvestris in Jilin, China, we used needles and seeds from P. densiflora, P. sylvestris, and P. densiflora × P. sylvestris collected from natural stands or experimental stations to study whether shoot apex morphology of 4- year old seedlings can be correlated with the sequence of a chloroplast DNA simple sequence repeat marker (cpDNA SSRs). Total genomic DNA was extracted and subjected to sequence analysis of the pine cpDNA SSR marker Pt15169. Results show that morphological characters from 4-year old seedlings did not correlate with sequence variants of this marker. Marker haplotypes from all P. sylvestris trees had a CTAT element that was absent from all sampled P. densiflora trees. However, both haplotype classes involving this insertion/deletion element were found in a P. densiflora × P. sylvestris population and its seedling progeny. It was concluded that the P. densiflora × P. sylvestris accessions sampled from Jilin, China resulted from bi-directional crosses, as evidenced by both species’ cpDNA haplotypes within the hybrid swarm population.  相似文献   

Spalling and Physical Properties of Cement-Based Material Under Instantaneous High Temperature     

Ma Baoguo  Wang Yaocheng  Mu Song  Jin Lei 《保鲜与加工》2013,(4):109-113

Cement-based material has different spalling and physical properties after exposing to different high temperatures. The spalling and physical properties of cement-based material with different additives after exposing to instantaneous high temperature were analyzed. The results show that: all samples have no spalling both at 100℃ and 300℃, but spalling completely at 600℃. The compressive strength and flexural strength of the cement-based material at 100℃ decrease by the rate of 15% and 30%, and the value at 300℃ is close to that at room temperature and decreases rapidly after exposing to 600℃. Both the compressive and the flexural strength of samples with 20% slag powder and 10% silica fume increase with the increase of the temperature when the temperature is below 300℃. SEM reflects that after exposing to 600℃ for 2 hours, C-S-H has changed into a looser structure, and the continuously cement paste is separated into segments.  相似文献   

激光扫描共聚焦显微镜检测Fluo-3 AM 负载大鼠心肌微血管内皮细胞最佳浓度和时间的探讨   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

冯波董虹  张涛胡格  房克凤穆祥 《中国农学通报》2013,29(17):80-84

为了探讨 Ca2+荧光探针 Fluo-3 AM 对大鼠心肌微血管内皮细胞(Rat Myocardial Microvascular Endothelial Cells RMMECs)最佳装载浓度和时间。将 Fluo-3 AM 分别稀释成1、2、3、4、5μM/L,每一浓度的探针分别装载细胞5、10、15、20 min,应用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜检测细胞内荧光信号的强度、位置、装载探针后细胞的形态来观察装载效果。结果表明：1～3μM/L的Fluo-3AM负载5~20 min均不出现荧光信号;4μM/L 的 Fluo-3AM 负载5~10 min 时即出现荧光信号;5μM/L 的 Fluo-3 AM 孵育细胞15 min后出现清晰且分布均匀的荧光信号。Fluo-3AM对贴壁生长的RMMECs负载效果主要受探针浓度和负载时间的影响。  相似文献   

酵母双杂交表达载体pGBKT7_NPR1与pGADT7_NPR1的构建及酵母菌的转化     

肖牧  徐健  何乐  刘春林  阮颖 《作物研究》2013,(3):213-216

NPR1是水杨酸介导的系统获得性抗性（SAR）途径中不可或缺的一个转录辅助因子。在SA诱导下,NPR1被转运至细胞核内并与一些转录因子结合,以启动下游基因的表达。本研究通过PCR扩增获得拟南芥中NPR1基因CDS序列,经过限制性内切酶酶切后在T4连接酶作用下分别克隆至pGBKT7与pGADT7酵母表达载体上,并成功将其转化至Gold酵母菌株中。为利用酵母双杂交筛选NPR1参与形成的转录复合体中其它可能存在的蛋白质并阐明其在植物防御信号传导途径中的互作模式奠定了基础。  相似文献   

Standing Hand‐Assisted Laparoscopic Treatment of Left Dorsal Displacement of the Large Colon and Closure of the Nephrosplenic Space     

Juan Muňoz LV Diplomate ECVS  Christian Bussy DVM 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2013,42(5):595-599

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钼、硒互作对2茬小白菜钼、硒含量及土壤钼、硒有效性的影响     

张木  胡承孝  赵小虎  孙学成  谭启玲 《华中农业大学学报》2013,32(6):75-80

通过盆栽试验研究钼、硒互作对2茬连作小白菜的产量和钼、硒含量以及土壤钼、硒有效性的影响。结果表明:钼、硒互作能提高第1茬小白菜的产量,对第2茬小白菜的产量影响不大;钼、硒互作能促进2茬小白菜对钼的吸收和累积,有效态钼在2茬小白菜种前土壤中均保持较高的含量,因此可以满足2茬小白菜富钼的需求;钼、硒互作同时促进2茬小白菜对硒的吸收,但是在第1茬小白菜采收后土壤中的水溶态硒和交换态硒的含量出现大幅降低,因此只能满足第1茬小白菜富硒的需求。  相似文献   

行距播种量施肥灌水对新引1号东方山羊豆种子产量的影响     

穆尼热  顾祥  朱忠艳  王承军  田聪 《草业与畜牧》2013,(5):6-9

在新疆呼图壁县自然条件下,研究了播种量、行距和施肥灌水组合对新引1号东方山羊豆种子产量的影响.结果表明,播量和行距对新引1号东方山羊豆种子产量的影响显著,当播种量7.50kg/hm^2、行距60cm时种子产量最高,平均达211.46kg/hm^2;在此最适密度配置条件下进行施肥灌溉试验,得出的最佳水肥组合为：施厩肥30t/hm^2,尿素150kg/hm^2,二胺225kg/hm^2,灌溉6 000m3/hm^2.种子产量最高可达431.70 kg/hm^2,比未施肥前的产量比较差异极显著,增产效果明显.因此,从投入与产出比综合考虑,以收获种子为目的时新引1号东方山羊豆种子田适宜播种量7.50kg/hm^2、行距60cm,最佳水肥组合为施厩肥30t/hm^2,尿素150kg/hm^2,二胺225kg/hm^2,灌溉6 000m3/hm^2.  相似文献   

Preliminary Assessment of Dietary Mannanoligosaccharides on Growth Performance and Health Status of Gilthead Seabream Sparus auratus     

Nejdet Gültepe  Olcay Hisar  Semih Salnur  Belgin Hoşsu  T. Tansel Tanrikul  Seyit Aydın 《Journal of aquatic animal health》2013,25(1):37-42

Abstract

A feeding trial was performed to assess the potential beneficial effect of two levels of mannanoligosaccarides (MOS) on the growth performance, feed utilization, hematological parameters, and liver histopathology of gilthead seabream Sparus auratus (also known as gilthead bream). Mannanoligosaccarides were added at the rates of 2 and 4 g/kg to a fish-meal-based control diet, and each diet was given (twice daily [midmorning and midafternoon] to apparent satiation) to triplicate groups of gilthead seabream growers (mean weight = approximately 170 g) in sea cages. The trial lasted 12 weeks, and the average ambient water temperature ranged from 19.6°C to 24.7°C during the experimental period. At the end of the experiment, fish attained market size (350–450 g) and their health status was evaluated by blood analysis and liver histology. There were no differences in survival rates among fish fed experimental diets. However, there were significant improvements in both growth and feed utilization among fish fed diets supplemented with MOS. Hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Ht) levels and erythrocyte, leukocyte, and thrombocyte (Thr) counts were unaffected by any dietary MOS. The levels of Hb (g/dL; mean ± SD) and Ht (%; mean ± SD) were 11.0 ± 2.5 and 45.6 ± 6.7 for the control group, 11.1 ± 1.7 and 39.3 ± 8.0 for the 2-g/kg group, and 11.2 ± 1.9 and 40.2 ± 8.4 for the 4-g/kg group. The mean Thr count ranged from 47.6 to 53.8 × 10³/mm³. Despite the apparently higher Thr counts for fish fed diets supplemented with MOS, these differences were not significant. Moreover, no histopathological differences were observed in liver tissue cross sections between control and treatment groups. These results suggest that supplementation of diets with MOS had no significant effects on general fish health.

Received February 20, 2011; accepted September 12, 2011  相似文献