Protective roles of vitamin E (α-tocopherol), selenium and vitamin E plus selenium in organophosphate toxicity in vivo: A comparative study     

Mustafa Cemek  Ahmet Büyükben  Fatih Aymelek 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2010,96(3):113-118

In the present study, we investigated the possible protective role of vitamin E, selenium (Se) and vitamin E plus Se in fenthion-induced organophosphates (OP) toxicity in rats. Serum concentrations of ascorbic acid, retinol, β-carotene, ceruloplasmin, nitrite and nitrate as well as levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathion (GSH) in whole blood and in some tissues such as brain, heart, jejunum, kidney, liver, lung, muscle and pancreas were measured in sham, control, vitamin E, Se and vitamin E + Se groups. Compare to the sham group, the MDA (p < 0.001) and GSH (p < 0.01) levels in whole blood and some in tissues were significantly higher in the control animals. Ceruloplasmin levels of the control (p < 0.05), vitamin E (p < 0.05) and vitamin E + Se (p < 0.01), groups were higher than the sham group. Ascorbic acid, retinol, β-carotene as well as nitrite and nitrate levels in the control group were significantly lower than sham, vitamin E, Se and vitamin E + Se groups. We concluded that fenthion toxicity-induced lipid peroxidation and generation of free radicals in whole blood and tissues. Additionally, the antioxidants we tested did show a significant protective effect against OP-induced tissue and blood injury at the biochemical level.  相似文献   

Host specialization of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tranzschelia discolor</Emphasis> on stone fruits at the uredinial infection stage     

Ömer Erincik  Mustafa Timur Döken 《Phytoparasitica》2010,38(5):455-461

The host range specialization of Tranzschelia discolor (Fckl.) Tranz. & Litv. on stone fruits at the uredinial infection stage was investigated. Aeciospore inocula were collected from the alternate host, Anemone coronaria, at ten different locations of Aydın Province in early spring and were separately inoculated to 1–2-year-old nursery stocks of plum, peach, apricot, almond and sweet cherry under growth chamber conditions. Rust pustules developed only on plums, 15–21 days after inoculations, but no infections occurred on the other stone fruits. Urediniospore inocula were collected from naturally infected plums, apricots, peaches and almonds and were inoculated to four host species as well as sweet cherry in a series of cross-inoculations. Rust pustules developed on plants of the respective original host species from which the urediniospore inoculum was collected. No morphological differences were found among teliospores and urediniospores of T. discolor sampled from the different stone fruit species. Results of this study indicate that there is host specialization of T. discolor on stone fruits at the uredinial infection stage. Aecial inoculum from anemones in Aydin Province was infectious only on plums. The alternate host for the other stone fruits in this province was not found.  相似文献   

Determination of Arsenic in Water Samples by Using a Green Hydrophobic-Hydrophilic Switchable Liquid-Solid Dispersive Microextraction Method     

Jamshed Ali  Mustafa Tuzen  Tasneem G. Kazi 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2017,228(1):34

A simple and green preconcentration method of hydrophobic to hydrophilic switchable liquid-solid dispersive microextraction (HSL-SDM) has been first time introduced as separation method for arsenic ion in real water samples. Multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) was immobilized with diethylenetriamine (DETA) and then used as solid phase adsorbent for the determination of trace level of arsenic ion by HSL-SDM method prior to analysis by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry. Reversibly hydrophobic-hydrophilic switchable of functionalized MWCNT can occur due to the exposing of carbon dioxide (CO₂) as anti-solvent trigger. The reversibly hydrophobic-hydrophilic switchable phenomena of immobilized MWCNT in the liquid-solid dispersive microextraction were checked by using FT-IR and SEM. The optimized analytical condition for arsenic ion analysis such as enrichment factor and limits of detection were obtained 83 and 3.05 ng L^?1, respectively. Accuracy of the developed HSL-SDM method was confirmed by the analysis of certified reference materials. Our developed HSL-SDM method was successfully applicable for measurements of arsenic ions in real water samples.  相似文献   

Bioremediation of heavy metals from municipal sewage by cyanobacteria and its effects on growth and some metabolites of Beta vulgaris     

Mustafa A. Fawzy  Abdel Kareem S. H. Mohamed 《Journal of plant nutrition》2017,40(18):2550-2561

The present research was done to study the ability of cyanobacterial species for removing heavy metals from sewage. As well, to estimate the growth and some metabolites of Beta vulgaris irrigated with sewage treated by cyanobacterial species. The best removal results were obtained by Anabaena oryzae compared to the other studied cyanobacteria. Whereas A. oryzae showed high removal efficiency for cadmium (Cd²⁺) followed by lead (Pb²⁺), zinc (Zn²⁺), iron (Fe²⁺), copper (Cu²⁺) and manganese (Mn²⁺) (88.5, 83.1, 68.8, 62.0, 55.2 and 42.4%, respectively). Irrigation of plants by untreated or treated sewage generally caused stimulation in the total proteins, proline, carbohydrates and ascorbic acid. B. vulgaris grown in soil irrigated with untreated sewage showed maximum catalase, peroxidase activity, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and lipid peroxidation compared to the other treatments. The heavy metals availability was relatively low in the plant irrigated with treated sewage by cyanobacterial species, so the antioxidants requirement was low and hence the induction of antioxidants was lower compared to the plant irrigated with untreated sewage.  相似文献   

The impact of selenium application on enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems in Zea mays roots treated with combined osmotic and heat stress     

Evren Yildiztugay  Ceyda Ozfidan-Konakci  Mustafa Kucukoduk  Seyit Ahmet Tekis 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2017,63(2):261-275

Selenium (Se), regarded as an antioxidant, has been found beneficial for plants growing under stressed conditions. To investigate whether the Se application helps to improve stress tolerance, sodium selenite (Na₂SeO₃ · 5H₂O, 5–15 μM) was hydroponically applied to Zea mays variety OSSK-713-roots under heat and/or PEG-induced osmotic stress (25% PEG-6000) for 8 h. The individual/combined stress caused accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). While only superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased with heat stress alone, the activities of SOD, catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) increased under PEG exposure. The combination of these stresses resulted in an induction of both SOD and CAT activities. Lipid peroxidation (TBARS) levels were also high in all the stress treatments, especially under the combination treatment. Addition of Se not only improved the activities of SOD, APX and glutathione reductase (GR) in stress-treated roots, but it also changed the activities of monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR). The findings reveal that Se has a positive effect on heat and/or osmotic stress mitigation mainly by regulating the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, especially in PEG-treated plants. Under the combined stress treatment, addition of 5 µM of exogenous Se was most effective.  相似文献   

Interactive effect of salinity and silver nanoparticles on photosynthetic and biochemical parameters of wheat     

Abdel Kareem S. H. Mohamed  Muhammad Farooq Qayyum  Ahmed Mustafa Abdel-Hadi  Rabia Abdur Rehman  Shafaqat Ali 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2017,63(12):1736-1747

The present study investigated the influence of seed priming with silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), 0, 2, 5 and 10 mM, on growth and biochemical parameters of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under salt stress. As expected, 150 mM of NaCl decreased the shoot fresh and dry weights and chlorophyll contents and increased the catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activities. Salinity enhanced the concentration of proline, soluble sugars, malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide. Seed priming with Ag NPs increased the shoot fresh and dry weight of normal and salt-stressed plants. Lower concentration of Ag NPs decreased the total soluble sugars and proline contents, while the higher Ag NPs levels increased these contents compared to the control. The combined application of Ag NPs and salt stress increased the soluble sugars and proline contents, while it decreased CAT activity and increased POD activity compared to the respective Ag NPs treatments alone. Overall, our results demonstrated that Ag NPs enhanced the salt tolerance in wheat, but the long-term response of Ag NPs under salt stress needs further investigation.  相似文献   

Effects of Convolvulus arvensis Water Extract on Germination of Okra Under Different Seed Sizes     

Abid Hussain Khoso  Ghulam Mustafa Laghari  Aziz Ahmed Laghari  Ali Muhammad Bozdar  Asif Ali Kaleri  Nasir Ali 《东北农业大学学报(英文版)》2017,24(1)

Convolvulus arvensis is a toxic allelopathic weed that suppresses germination and growth of crops.The prime object of present study was to investigate effect of Convolvulus arvensis water extract on germination and performance of okra with different seed sizes.The seeds of okra variety pusa green were separated into three different sizes,viz large size(4.00-5.00 mm),medium size(3.00-3.50 mm)and small size(2.00-3.50 mm),and then soaked in allelopathic plant bindweed water extract and kept in patrisdishes for germination into the germinator at 15℃.The experiment was laid out using Complete Randomized Design(CRD)with three replications.The results showed that after sowing of 12 days the highest germination was observed in non-treated seeds as compared to seeds treated in Convolvulus arvensis water extract for 1 h,further non-treated large seeds produced maximum plants as compared to treated small seeds after sowing of 24 days.Meanwhile,root length,shoot length,root fresh and dry weight,shoot fresh and dry weight were recorded higher in non-treated large seeds as compared to small seeds soaked for 1 h in Convolvulus arvensis allelopthic water extract.It could be found that Convolvulus arvensis affected germination,seed growth and overall performance of okra,further presence Convolvulus arvensis in crops could cause negative impact on germination and integrity of okra crops.  相似文献   

Effects of anthropogenic activities on the Lower Sakarya River     

Sabahattin Isik  Emrah Dogan  Latif Kalin  Mustafa Sasal  Necati Agiralioglu 《CATENA》2008

We investigate the effects of anthropogenic activities on the Lower Sakarya River. The impacts of dam, levee, and bridge constructions, sand-gravel mining activities and water withdrawals during the industrialization period of the Sakarya River Basin have been explored by analyzing flow, sediment and channel cross section data from different periods in time by comparing pre- and post-1975 periods. The year 1975 is roughly determined to be commencement of heavy human activities. Assessment of data shows that average annual flow is reduced by almost 20% after 1975. Due to increased regulations after 1975 flow became less variable, i.e. low-flows are increased and high-flows are reduced. Flow showed less variation with seasons during the post-1975 period compared to the pre-1975 period. Close inspection of precipitation and temperature patterns over the course of this period indicates that these changes in the flow regime cannot be attributed to natural causes and must be instigated by anthropogenic activities. Analyses of sediment data point toward a consistent reduction in sediment concentration and loadings with years in the Lower Sakarya River. Sediment rating curves developed for pre- and post-1975 exhibit a similar pattern. The impact of the anthropogenic activities on the river cross section is also examined by employing data from 1965, 2003 and 2006 at various points along the river profile. We found as much as 1 m aggradation at the thalweg elevation along the river profile starting from the river mouth up to the 12th km. Degradation in thalweg elevation is observed upstream of the 12th km, as much as 7 m at some locations. This research clearly undermines how human activities can alter the river hydrology and morphology. The adverse impacts of these modifications on the stream ecology in the Lower Sakarya River unfortunately remain unresolved.  相似文献   

Predictors of breast-feeding in a developing country: results of a prospective cohort study     

Al-Sahab B  Tamim H  Mumtaz G  Khawaja M  Khogali M  Afifi R  Nassif Y  Yunis KA;National Collaborative Perinatal Neonatal Network 《Public health nutrition》2008,11(12):1350-1356

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Importance of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gammarus</Emphasis> in aquaculture     

Muzaffer Mustafa Harlıoğlu  Ardavan Farhadi 《Aquaculture International》2018,26(6):1327-1338

In recent years, there have been significant increases in the production and breeding of aquaculture species; for example, the gilt-head (sea) bream and seabass in salt water and trout, carp, and tilapia in fresh water., Amphipods in the genus Gammarus are used as a rich source of protein to feed various pet animals such as aquarium fish, lizards, and turtles, as well as in aquatic ecotoxicology and water quality assessment. Gammarus meal is used as a partial replacement (10–20%) of fish meal. However, the reproduction and rearing of Gammarus in intensive or semi-intensive conditions has not yet been carried out. Gammarus products (live, dried flakes, or powdered) transported to the markets are constituted from wild caught Gammarus. Due to the high price of these products, Gammarus aquaculture potentially has great economic benefits. Therefore, there is a need to focus on the importance of Gammarus in aquaculture. In the present review, the ecology and distribution of Gammarus, its importance in aquatic ecotoxicology and water quality assessment, the chemical analysis of Gammarus and factors affecting chemical composition of it, and the importance of Gammarus in fish nutrition are discussed. In addition, the economic importance and culture methods of Gammarus are also reviewed. This review will be beneficial for scientific investigators and fish-crustacean farmers.  相似文献