Evaluation of free radical formation associated with diagnostic ultrasound     

Mustafa K Kartal  Mahir Kaya  Mustafa Kavutcu  Irfan Karagoz  Zeki Alkan 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2008,49(4):383-387

Our objective was to evaluate kidney antioxidant status in rats subjected to an ultrasound examination. Thirty rats were divided into five groups for injection of saline (S) or anesthetic (A), and application of ultrasound using different modes, B mode, pulsed wave Doppler, and continuous wave Doppler, under anesthesia. Ultrasound was performed on days 1, 3, and 5 relative to the initiation of the experiment. Rats were then scarified on day 6. The kidney tissue thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured. Both TBARS level and SOD activity increased, 21% and 38%, respectively, due to anesthesia (P < 0.04 for both). SOD activity increased further by a factor of 1.2 in response to ultrasound examination (P < 0.05), whereas TBARS level was not affected by Doppler and continuous wave Doppler compared to anesthesia. Increases in the level of TBARS (P < 0.03) and SOD activity (P < 0.01) were greatest when B-mode ultrasound was employed. These substances did not increase further when continuous wave Doppler was employed. The peak-negative acoustic pressure (9.16 vs. 9.74 MPa) and frequency (3.57 vs. 6.95 MHz) for B mode and pulsed wave Doppler were greater than those for continuous wave Doppler (0.22 MPa and 1.96 MHz). The estimated mechanical indexes were 4.87, 3.70, and 0.15 for B mode, pulsed wave Doppler, and continuous wave Doppler, respectively. In conclusion, anesthesia may cause tissue damage as reflected by elevated lipid peroxidation and free radical formation and ultrasound examination may amplify tissue damage through mechanical effects caused by ultrasound absorption.  相似文献   

Effect of weaning on behavior and serum parameters in dairy goat kids     

Cengiz ATASOGLU  Ismail Yaman YURTMAN  Türker SAVAS  Mustafa GÜLTEPE  Ömer ÖZCAN 《Animal Science Journal》2008,79(4):435-442

This study aimed at investigating the effects of weaning kids abruptly at an average of 55 ± 13 days of age on intake, behavioral and serum parameters and, lasted for a total of six weeks; two weeks pre-weaning and four weeks post-weaning. Sixteen single kids with equal gender were used. Kids were only allowed to stay with their mothers for suckling (45 min/period) both in the morning and in the evening period during pre-weaning. Grower concentrate and hay were offered ad libitum . The duration of the study was divided into three periods for the sampling of behavioral and serum parameters; (i) pre-weaning period lasting for two weeks (P-BW) (ii) early post-weaning period lasting for one week (P-AW1) and (iii) late post-weaning period lasting for three weeks (P-AW2). Daily weight gain of kids gradually decreased as the observation period progressed ( P  = 0.001). However concentrate feed intake increased from 0.154 kg/day in P-BW to 0.479 kg/day in P-AW1 and 0.499 kg/day in P-AW2. Water intake, rumination and standing behaviors decreased in P-AW2 ( P  < 0.001), whereas activity towards concentrate feed (CF) ( P  < 0.001) and roughage ( P  = 0.012) increased as compared to P-BW and P-AW1. Abnormal oral activity was not affected by the periods ( P  = 0.906). CF was significantly higher in females ( P  = 0.003), whereas males displayed higher lying behavior ( P  = 0.007). Glucose, total protein, urea, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol concentrations ( P  = 0.001) and ALP activity ( P  = 0.003) were significantly affected by the periods. The results of the present study suggest that behavioral and serum parameters across the periods describe changes in the nutritional conditions as a result of the transition from milk to solid feed in association with weaning.  相似文献   

Reclamation of Saline-Sodic Soils with Gypsum and MSW Compost     

Abdurrahman Hanay  Fatih Büyüksönmez  Fatih M. Kiziloglu  Mustafa Y. Canbolat 《Compost science & utilization》2013,21(2):175-179

The effectiveness of sequential application of gypsum followed by matured mixed municipal solid waste (MSW) compost was investigated for the reclamation of saline-sodic soils. Soil plots were treated with 50 dt/ha (dry tone/hectare) of gypsum, followed by the addition of matured MSW compost at the 50, 100, and 150 dt/ha with five replications for each treatment. A number of physical, chemical and biological properties were investigated. The results from different treatments were compared with the Tukey-Kramer method. The results of this study show that the sequential application of gypsum followed by matured MSW compost can effectively restore degraded soils suffering from high soluble salts and exchangeable sodium content.  相似文献   

Traditional medicinal plant knowledge among Albanians, Macedonians and Gorani in the Sharr Mountains (Republic of Macedonia)     

Besnik Rexhepi  Behxhet Mustafa  Avni Hajdari  Jehona Rushidi-Rexhepi  Cassandra L. Quave  Andrea Pieroni 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2013,60(7):2055-2080

A medico-ethnobotanical study was conducted among Albanians, Macedonians, and Gorani in forty-one villages located in the Sharr Mountains in western Macedonia. The survey was conducted by interviewing local people of each community about the medicinal plants and their uses and properties. Seventy-six mainly wild taxa were found to represent the remaining folk medical heritage of the area. The large majority of the recorded plants are used in form of teas, and mainly for minor dysfunctions of the respiratory system. Among the findings, the uncommon uses of Ballota nigra L. (leaves) tea as a digestive, Convolvulus arvensis L. (aerial parts) tea against hypertension, Chenopodium urbicum L. leaves (topically applied) for treating hemorrhoids, and Cornus sanguine L. (leaves and fruits) tea against stomachaches could be of interest for further phytopharmacological studies. A significant portion of study participants raised concerns regarding the possibility of over-exploitation of a few species due to collecting practices serving both local and outside (pharmaceutical) markets. Most of the uses reported by Macedonians and Gorani were also recorded among Albanians, while a significant portion of plants quoted by Orthodox Macedonians showed an idiosyncratic use. This may be explained by the fact that the Gorani lived very close to the Albanian communities in the study area over the last century, with marriages between the two communities being commonplace and facilitated by their shared (Muslim) faith.  相似文献   

EFFECT OF CITRUS ROOTSTOCKS ON LEAF MINERAL COMPOSITION OF ‘OKITSU’, ‘CLAUSELLINA’, AND ‘SILVERHILL’ MANDARIN CULTIVARS     

Celil Toplu  Veli Uygur  Mustafa Kaplankıran  T. Hakan Demirkeser  Ercan Yıldız 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(9):1329-1340

Citrus performance is strongly related with rootstock. This study was conducted to investigate leaf nutrient contents of ‘Okitsu’, ‘Clausellina’ and ‘Silverhill’ mandarin cultivars budded onto sour orange, ‘Carrizo’ and ‘Troyer’ citrange rootstocks in Dörtyol, Turkey in 2004 and 2005. The maximum nitrogen (N), potassium (K), and copper (Cu) contents were determined for ‘Clausellina’; phosphorus (P) for ‘Okitsu’; and sodium (Na) for ‘Silverhill’. Calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) uptake were similar for the mandarin cultivars. ‘Carrizo’ citrange at N, K, Mg, Mn, and Cu uptake; ‘Troyer’ citrange at N, P, K, and Fe uptake; and common sour orange at Ca, Zn, and Na uptake was superior on the other rootstocks. It was observed that ‘Carrizo’ and ‘Troyer’ citrange rootstocks had advantages over sour orange in nutrient uptake. Thus, growth performance, yield, and quality parameters considered, ‘Carrizo’ and/or ‘Troyer’ citranges could be suggested as rootstocks for the studied mandarin cultivars under similar ecological conditions.  相似文献   

Surfactants in plant disease management: A brief review and case studies     

Mustafa O. Jibrin  Qingchun Liu  Jeffrey B. Jones  Shouan Zhang 《Plant pathology》2021,70(3):495-510

In plant disease management, surfactants are generally used in combination with pesticides to facilitate delivery of the pesticide chemicals to the target sites in plants, vectors, or pathogens. Their intended use is rarely for direct effect on plant pathogens. However, trends in recent studies have revealed an appreciable increase in their use for direct management of plant diseases. In this paper, we briefly review the progress made in the use of surfactants for disease management, as adjuvants and when applied for direct effect. We carried out experiments to evaluate the effect of selected synthetic surfactants (Cohere, Kinetic, Silwet-77, and Induce) on powdery mildew in squash and bacterial spot in tomato. Results from this study showed that the effect of surfactants on these pathogens is dependent on the type of plant pathogen or disease. All tested surfactants exhibited in vitro bactericidal activity against Xanthomonas perforans, a causal pathogen of bacterial spot of tomato. In the greenhouse, Cohere significantly reduced disease severity of powdery mildew in squash compared to the untreated control. Cohere also showed promise in field trials against bacterial spot of tomato, but the other surfactants tested promoted this disease. Our studies demonstrate the importance of evaluating surfactants for their use in management of plant diseases both for direct effect and as adjuvants in tank mix.  相似文献   

Water Quality Problems of a Gypsiferous Watershed: Upper Kizilirmak Basin,Sivas, Turkey     

Kaçaroğlu  Fikret  Değirmenci  Mustafa  Cerit  Orhan 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2001,128(1-2):161-180

Water, Air, &; Soil Pollution - The solubility of the gypsum is generally very high in comparison to many other minerals. The surface and groundwater contacting gypsum formations can easily...  相似文献   

Phenotypic and Bioactive Diversity on Medlar Fruits (Mespilus germanica L.)     

Mustafa Akbulut  Sezai Ercisli  Tunde Jurikova  Jiri Mlcek  Sadiye Gozlekci 《Erwerbs-Obstbau》2016,58(3):185-191

Mespilus germanica, known as the medlar, is a large shrub or small tree. The fruit has been cultivated since Roman times, and is unusual in being available in winter, and in being eaten when bletted.  In this study twelve medlar (Mespilus germanica L.) genotypes were harvested at commercial maturity stage (skin brownish, pulp white, fruit hard) from Rize provinces located eastern black sea region and were analyzed for their some important fruit phenotypic (fruit mass, shape index, fruit firmness, ostiole diameter and fruit flesh ratio) and bioactive characteristics (total phenolic content, total antioxidant capacity, vitamin C and phenolic compounds). A wide variation among genotypes on most of the searched parameters was found. Fruit mass and flesh ratio varied from 12.3 g (KRD-1) to 23.6 g (KRD-8) and 83.6?% (KRD-2) to 93.0?% (KRD-4) indicating high variability among genotypes. The total phenolic contents of twelve medlar genotypes varied from 157 to 227 mg gallic acid equivalent in 100 g fresh weight basis. Chlorogenic acid, rutin and p-coumaric acid were dominant in medlar fruits.  相似文献   

Are Vietnamese farmers able to combat global climate change? A case study on perceptions and attitudes towards sustainable forest management and REDD+ in Central Vietnam     

Mucahid Mustafa Bayrak  Lawal Mohammed Marafa 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2020,39(3):242-258

ABSTRACT

Global efforts to combat climate change has led to the establishment of the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation program (REDD+). This study concerns the implementation of REDD+ among local landscapes and communities in Vietnam. How do affected forest-dependent households perceive their roles in sustainable forest management and REDD+ and how do these perceptions and attitudes influence the (potential) socio-ecological performance of REDD+? Two communes consisting of forest-dependent and indigenous communities in Central Vietnam were selected for this study–the former involved in the UN-REDD program and the latter involved in a REDD+ program of Fauna and Flora International (FFI). Here, we differentiated between a ‘do no harm’ and pro-carbon (UN-REDD), and pro-poor (FFI-REDD+) approach to REDD+. Employing an applied socio-ecological systems framework, we conducted household surveys (n = 102) and we adopted qualitative research methods. This study identified the importance of traditional ecological knowledge systems in sustainable forest management. While pro-poor REDD+ was more inclusive, both REDD+ programs in our study were implemented in a top down manner. Lastly, households’ attitudes and perceptions towards rulemaking, sanctioning, monitoring, cultural capital (beliefs and worldviews) and forest protection technology were identified as (potential) local drivers for successful REDD+ implementation in both communes.  相似文献   

Micropropagation of Promising Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) Genotypes     

Adnan Nurhan Yıldırım  Bekir Şan  Fatma Yıldırım  Fevzi Mustafa Ecevit  Sezai Ercişli 《Erwerbs-Obstbau》2015,57(3):135-140

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