Phyllotreta nigripens (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a new host of Nosema phyllotretae (Microsporida) in Turkey     

Mustafa Yaman  İrfan Aslan  Renate Radek 《Journal of pest science》2005,78(4):239-242

In the present study we describe a Nosema infection in a Phyllotreta nigripens population. The parasite was identified as Nosema phyllotretae. The spores are oval, 3.97±0.47 μm (2.85–4.75) in length and 2.19±0.36 μm (1.90–2.85) in width. The polar filament has commonly 14 coils. The spore wall is 138–200 nm thick and made up of a clear endospore (88–140 nm) and a uniform exospore (40–70 nm). The polar filament measures 100–125 nm in diameter in the mature spirals. The polaroplast is thin lamellar. This study presents P. nigripens as a new host for N. phyllotretae and a second infection locality in Turkey.  相似文献   

Comparison and modelling of extraction methods to assess agronomic effectiveness of fertilizer zinc     

Fien Degryse  Rodrigo C. da Silva  Roslyn Baird  Ismail Cakmak  Mustafa Atilla Yazici  Mike J. McLaughlin 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2020,183(2):248-259

Total Zn in fertilizer is a poor predictor of Zn availability in granular fertilizers. In this study, we compared different extraction methods using Zn fertilizers for which the agronomic effectiveness had previously been determined. Sixteen fertilizers were extracted by eight different procedures using five extractant solutions: water, 1 M ammonium acetate (pH 7.0), 74 mM EDTA (pH 7.0), 5 mM DTPA + 0.1 M MES (pH 6.2), and 0.12 M bis‐tris (pH 6). Modelling of Zn solubility and speciation was carried out with a chemical speciation program (Visual Minteq). The predicted solubilities were in good agreement with the observations, indicating chemical equilibrium. The three methods using pure water were highly correlated with each other and showed the strongest correlation with agronomic effectiveness (r = 0.81–0.90). The methods using extractants with strong pH buffering or high chelating capacity showed no or weak correlation with the agronomic effectiveness. Thus, water‐only based methods give the best indication of the availability of Zn in granular fertilizers, and are best suited for regulation or labeling of available Zn in fertilizer.  相似文献   

Evaluation of Salt Tolerance and Its Relationship with Carbon Isotope Discrimination and Physiological Parameters of Barley Genotypes     

Ayesha Mustafa  Khalid Mahmood  Wajid Ishaque 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2019,50(5):594-610

Soil management through the cultivation of salt-tolerant plants is a practical approach to combat soil salinization. In this study, salt tolerance of 35 barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes was tested at four salinity levels (0, 100, 200, and 300 mM NaCl in Hoagland nutrient solution) at two growth stages (germination and vegetative). The relationship between salinity tolerance and carbon isotope discrimination (CID) was also accessed. Results of the study carried out under laboratory conditions showed that a negative linear relationship was observed between salt concentration and germination as well as other growth parameters. Some genotypes showed good salt tolerance at germination but failed to survive at seedling stage. However, five genotypes, namely, Jau-83, Pk-30109, Pk-30118, 57/2D, and Akermanns Bavaria showed better tolerance to salinity (200 mM) both at germination and at vegetative growth stage. The salt tolerance of these barley genotypes was significantly correlated with minimum decrease in K⁺:Na⁺ ratio in plant tissue with increase in the root zone salinity. However, the case was reversed in sensitive genotypes. CID was decreased linearly with increase in root zone salinity. However, salt-tolerant genotypes maintained their turgor by osmotic adjustment and by minimum increase in diffusive resistance and showed minimum reduction in CID (Δ) with gradual increase in rooting medium salt concentration. Results suggested that the tolerant genotypes make osmotic adjustments by selective uptake of K⁺ and by maintaining a higher K⁺:Na⁺ ratio in leaves. Moreover, CID technique can also be good criteria for screening of salt-tolerant germplasm.  相似文献   

Copper Accumulation in Tissues of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Oreochromis niloticus</Emphasis> Exposed to Copper Oxide Nanoparticles and Copper Sulphate with Their Effect on Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Liver     

Mustafa Tunçsoy  Cahit Erdem 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2018,229(8):269

Copper accumulation in the gill, liver, kidney, spleen, and muscle tissues of Oreochromis niloticus was determined after exposing the fish to 10, 50, and 100 μg Cu/L applied as copper sulphate (CuSO₄) and copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) after 1, 7, and 15 days. Changes in the liver SOD, CAT, and GPx activities influenced by this accumulation were also studied. No mortality was observed during the experiments. Copper levels increased in the gill, liver, kidney, and spleen tissues of O. niloticus compared to control when exposed to both CuSO₄ and CuO NPs, whereas no accumulation was detected in muscle tissue at the end of the exposure period. Highest accumulation of copper was observed in the order of the liver, kidney, spleen, and gill tissues, respectively. SOD, CAT, and GPx activities increased in the liver tissue at the end of the exposure period. Overall, CuO NPs are more effective than CuSO₄ in terms of tissue accumulation and liver enzyme activities.  相似文献   

Perspectives on protected area and wildfire management in the Black Sea region     

George N.Zaimes  Petros A.Tsioras  Chrysovalantis Kiosses  Mustafa Tufekcioglu  Sergiy Zibtsev  Ilya Trombitsky  Razvan Uratu  Luiza Gevorgyan 《林业研究》2020,31(1):257-268

Protected areas are necessary for the conservation and enhancement of biodiversity.Wildfires are major threats to forests and other natural areas,because they may cause irreversible damages.The aim of this study was to analyze the perspective of experts(N=284),from six countries of the Black Sea,on the current status and problems of protected areas and wildfires.Understanding their points of view could enhance future management on these issues in the region.Data collection was carried out for 9 months,using a web-based questionnaire.Wildfires were perceived as a serious problem in Turkey,Armenia and Greece but as a substantially less serious problem in Romania,Ukraine and Moldova.In Greece,Armenia,and especially Ukraine,the current designated protected areas are considered sufficient to maintain biodiversity,while in Romania,Turkey,and especially Moldova,more areas should be designated as protected.A major need in all countries(except for Turkey)is the increased use of information and communication technologies for both wildfire suppression and protected area management.Experts were divided on whether wildfire suppression and management of protected areas are interconnected.However,there is growing awareness of the adverse impacts of climate change in protected areas and the frequency of wildfires in the future.The most frequently suggested measures to alleviate these impacts were:changes in forest management and increasing public awareness for wildfire suppression,along with changes in forest management and increased staff training to enhance protected area conservation.  相似文献   

Effects of dietary fish oil replacement with vegetable oils on growth and tissue fatty acid composition of humpback grouper, Cromileptes altivelis (Valenciennes)     

Rossita Shapawi  Saleem Mustafa  & Wing-Keong Ng 《Aquaculture Research》2008,39(3):315-323

The replacement of dietary marine fish oil with vegetable oils was examined in fingerling humpback grouper, Cromileptes altivelis, over the course of an 8‐week growth trial. Five isolipidic (10%) and isoproteic (50%) fish meal‐based practical diets were formulated to contain iso‐ingredients but with different sources of lipids [crude palm oil (CPO), refined, bleached and deodorized, palm olein (RBDPO), soybean oil (SBO) or canola oil (CNO)], and their performance was compared with the control diet, which contained cod liver oil (CLO) as the added lipid source. The experimental diets were fed close to apparent satiation twice a day to triplicate groups of fish (10.6 ± 2.2 g). The grouper fingerlings were randomly distributed into groups of 12 fish in cylindrical cages (61 cm depth and 43 cm diameter) that were placed in a 150 tonne polyethylene seawater tank. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in terms of growth, survival, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, net protein utilization, hepatosomatic index and condition factor among fish fed the various dietary treatments. Similarly, the dietary lipid source did not significantly affect the whole body proximate composition of the fish. Muscle and liver fatty acid composition of fish was influenced by the experimental diets. Replacement of dietary CLO with CPO, RBDPO, SBO or CNO produced fish with lower n‐3 highly unsaturated fatty acids and increased levels of 18:2n‐6 in the muscle and liver. The n‐3:n‐6 fatty acid ratio in the muscle of fish fed the CLO‐based diet was 3.0 compared with 0.5–0.8 in the muscle of fish fed the various vegetable oil‐based diets. The present study demonstrated that various vegetable oils can be used in fish meal‐based dietary formulations for humpback grouper without compromising growth or feed utilization efficiency.  相似文献   

Determination of the muscle residue levels and withdrawal time of florfenicol in healthy and experimentally Lactococcus garvieae infected rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss,Walbaum 1792) grown in the Black Sea water     

Mustafa Türe  Erkan Taba  Emine Baydan  &#x;lyas Kutlu  Cemil Altunta  Farah Gnül Ayd&#x;n  Emre Arslanba  Gzde Yücel Tenekeci 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(7):1964-1972

The aim of this study was to determine, muscle residue level (MRL) and withdrawal time (WT) of florfenicol (FF), in healthy and infected rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with Lactococcus garvieae. Fish were divided into the four groups, Group I (Infected fish fed with FF free diet, n = 10), Group II (Healthy fish fed with FF free diet, n = 10), Group III (Infected fish fed with FF containing diet, n = 80) and Group IV (Healthy fish fed with FF containing diet, n = 80). Fish in Group I and Group III were infected with 1.8×10⁶ cfu/ml Lactococcus garvieae by immersion. FF containing diet was applied fish (10 mg kg^‐1 day^‐1) in Group III and IV for 10 days. FF residues in fish muscles were analysed by validated HPLC method. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values of the method were determined to be 0.31 μg/g and 0.64 μg/g, respectively, and the recovery was 92.61%. As a result of the experiments, there was no significant difference between the infected and healthy group in term of MRLs. However, in both groups, it was determined that third‐day values were below MRLs (1,000 μg/kg). Also, the WT values were lower than the 500°C‐day values reported in the EC commission decision in both groups and were determined as 14.5 and 14.12 (water temperature mean 18°C ± 1) per day, respectively.  相似文献   

Antimicrobial effect of C.I. Basic Red 18:1 and C.I. Basic Yellow 51 on some pathogenic bacteria     

Mustafa Tutak  Fatih Gün 《Fibers and Polymers》2011,12(4):457-460

The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of C.I. Basic Red 18:1 (D1) and C.I. Basic Yellow 51 (D2) cationic dyes and dyed acrylic fabrics against the common pathogens Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. C.I. Basic Red 18:1 dye was most effective against the test bacteria E. coli, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa in vitro whereas C.I. Basic Yellow 51 had a lesser effect. The acrylic fabrics dyed with these dyes, however, showed less antimicrobial activity depending on the dyeing depth. It can be said that acrylic fabrics dyed with these dyes inhibit bacterial growth.  相似文献   

Evaluation of wheat-based thin stillage as a water source for growing and finishing beef cattle.     

D J Fisher  J J McKinnon  A F Mustafa  D A Christensen  D McCartney 《Journal of animal science》1999,77(10):2810-2816

Two trials were conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of wheat-based thin stillage as a water source for cattle. In Trial 1, 20 large-framed steers were fed a basal diet based primarily on barley grain and barley silage, with ad libitum access to water or thin stillage at one of three DM concentrations (2, 4, and 6.7%) in a completely randomized design. The trial consisted of a 70-d growing period and a finishing phase. In Trial 2, total-tract nutrient digestibility coefficients of the basal diet and water treatments fed in the growing period were determined in a randomized complete block design using 12 medium-framed steers. The results showed that when only DMI from the basal diet was considered, there was a linear reduction (P<.01) in DMI and a linear improvement (P<.01) in the gain:feed ratio with no effect on daily gain as thin stillage DM concentration increased. No differences were detected in DMI or efficiency of gain when total DMI (basal diet and thin stillage) was considered. Carcass traits indicated a trend toward increased (P<.06) carcass fat with increasing thin stillage DM concentration. Results of Trial 2 indicated a linear improvement (P<.05) in apparent digestibility of DM, CP, NDF, and energy of the total diet (basal diet and thin stillage) as thin stillage DM concentration increased. We concluded that supplementing growing and finishing cattle with thin stillage reduced the amount of the basal diet required for gain and improved nutrient utilization.  相似文献   

Multi-criteria assessment and geostatistical approach for determination of rice growing suitability sites in Gokirmak catchment     

Orhan Dengiz  Mehmet Arif Özyazici  Mustafa Sağlam 《Paddy and Water Environment》2015,13(1):1-10

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