CRITTER: A database for managing research animals     

Lees VW  Lukey C  Orr R 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1993,34(1):28-32

We describe CRITTER, a computer database program for managing research animals. We designed it especially for institutions which operate health surveillance plans, such as specific pathogen-free schemes. Because CRITTER can be used to record any type of test result in any species of animal, it can be customized to suit each institution and its management protocol. In addition to maintaining a current inventory of each individual animal and its location, the program retains historical information on those that have been removed from the colony. Output summaries are generated by selecting from a menu of standard reports or by designing a custom query. Although CRITTER has been designed for individual research establishments, it could be modified for use in area health surveillance programs. CRITTER operates on IBM compatible computers using a menu-driven, runtime version of Paradox.  相似文献   

Occurrence and mobility of the insecticide permethrin in rivers in the Southern Humber catchment,UK     

W A House  J L A Long  J E Rae  A Parker  D R Orr 《Pest management science》2000,56(7):597-606

The synthetic pyrethroid insecticides cis‐ and trans‐permethrin are widely used, particularly in sheep‐dips and for mothproofing within the textile industry. This study aims to establish the concentrations and mobility of permethrin within rivers in the Humber catchment, which contain some of the highest densities of wool‐scouring activity in the world. Our approach was to utilise three different surveys: (a) weekly and storm‐responsive sampling of ‘whole waters’ in the rivers Aire, Ouse, Don, Trent and Calder; (b) intensive sampling of ‘whole waters’ and suspended sediments in the rivers Aire (0.5 h) and Calder (1 h); (c) a bed‐sediment survey of the River Calder. Sediments were extracted by supercritical fluid extraction and all samples were analysed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. Results demonstrated the presence of permethrin in ‘whole waters’ and sediments, particularly in the rivers Aire and Calder, and at concentrations in the bed‐sediment likely to cause ecotoxicological effects to benthic macro‐invertebrates. Mass‐balance calculations indicated some loss of permethrin from the water column during transport, with the greatest losses at low river‐discharge. Isomer ratios (trans:cis) give retention times of permethrin in different components of the system as ‘whole water’ < suspended sediments < bed‐sediments, with estimates of 4–26 days for suspended sediments and a maximum of 103–125 days for surface bed‐sediments. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Land and water interface zones   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

John P. Downing  Michel Meybeck  James C. Orr  R. R. Twilley  H. W. Scharpenseel 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1993,70(1-4):123-137

This paper reports analyses of C pools and fluxes in land-water interface zones completed at the International Workshop: Terrestrial Biospheric Carbon Fluxes; Quantification of Sinks and Sources of CO₂ (Bad Harzburg, Germany, March 1–5, 1993). The objective was to determine the role of these zones as global sinks of atmospheric CO₂ as part of a larger effort to quantify global C sinks and sources in the past (ca. 1850), the present, and the foreseeable future (ca. 2050). Assuming the world population doubles by the year 2050, storage of atmospheric C in reservoirs will also double, as will river loads of atmospheric C and nutrients. It is estimated that C sinks in temperate and boreal wetlands have decreased by about 50%, from 0.2 to 0.1 Gt C yr^?1 since 1850. The total decrease for wetlands may be considerably larger when tropical wetlands are taken into account, however, the area and C density of tropical wetlands are not well known at this time. Changes in cultivation practices and improved sampling of methaneogenesis have caused estimates of CH₄ emissions from ricelands to drop substantially from 150 to 60 Tg yr^?1. Even with doubled N and P loads, rivers are unlikely to fertilize more than about 20% of the new primary production in the coastal ocean. The source of C for this new production may not be the atmosphere, however, because the coastal ocean exchanges large quantities of DIC with the open ocean. Until the C fluxes from air-sea exchange of CO₂ and DIC are better quantified, the C-sink potential of the coastal ocean will remain a major uncertainty in the global C cycle. Analysis of model simulations of oceanic C uptake reconfirmed that the open ocean appears to take up about 2.0 Gt C yr^?1 from the atmosphere and that model estimates are in better accord now, ±0.5 Gt C yr^?1, than ever before. Land use management must consider the unique C sinks in coastal and alluvial wetlands in order to minimize the future negative impacts of agriculture and urban development. Long-term monitoring will be essential to prove the success, or failure, of management practices to sustain wetlands in the future. Relative to the other systems examined at the workshop, the C-sink capacity of the ocean (excluding estuaries) is not likely to be measurably affected in the foreseeable future by the management scenarios considered at the workshop.  相似文献   

Ammonium polyphosphate versus dicalcium phosphate as a phosphorus supplement for growing-finishing swine     

D L Tunmire  D E Orr  L F Tribble 《Journal of animal science》1983,57(3):632-637

A totaL of 160 crossbred pigs were fed a sorghum-soybean meal diet with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) or dicalcium phosphate (DiCa) as supplemental phosphorus (P) sources for growing-finishing swine. The diets contained P levels of .5 and .4% for the grower phase and .4 and .33% for the finisher phase. Ammonium polyphosphate was evaluated on the basis of pig performance and bone development and compared with DiCa as a standard. The first rib and third and fourth metacarpals were removed from eight barrows from each of the four treatments. Replacement of DiCa with APP as the P supplement did not affect (P greater than .05) average daily gain, average daily feed and feed:gain ratio of growing-finishing pigs. No effect on bone variables examined on the first rib and third and fourth metacarpals was obtained between pigs fed APP or DiCa. Pigs on the lower supplemental P levels had lower (P less than .05) dry fat-free weight and percentage ash for all three bones. The breaking force of the first rib was less (P less than .05) for the pigs fed the lower P supplements of APP and DiCa than for pigs fed the higher level of DiCa. A trend was observed for an apparent decreased P availability from APP than DiCa when fed at the lower level of supplementation, but this trend was not observed when APP was added to provide a P level to meet National Research Council requirements. Ammonium polyphosphate as a P supplement for growing-finishing swine was satisfactory for performance and bone mineralization as compared with DiCa.  相似文献   

Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in the pony.     

G E Bisgard  J A Orr  J A Will 《American journal of veterinary research》1975,36(1):49-52

Hemodynamic measurements were made in 6 ponies at low altitude (Madison, WI, altitude, 250 m) and after 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks at high altitude (Climax, CO, altitude, 3,400 m). The salient findings were that ponies maintain an increased heart rate and cardiac output and develop significant pulmonary hypertension at high altitude. The average control resting mean pulmonary artery pressure (BPpul) was 25.1 mm of Hg at 250 m; this value increased to 56.3 mm of Hg after 6 weeks at 3,400 m. An additional finding was that the pulmonary vascular response to acute hypoxia seemed to increase with time at high altitude.  相似文献   

Canine renal leiomyoma--an unusual tumour.          下载免费PDF全文

J H Mills  J T Moore    J P Orr 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1977,18(3):76-78

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Use of Green Fluorescent Protein and Image Analysis to Quantify Proliferation of Trichoderma harzianum in Nonsterile Soil     

Orr KA  Knudsen GR 《Phytopathology》2004,94(12):1383-1389

ABSTRACT One drawback of traditional methods for fungal biomass measurement is the inability to distinguish biomass of an introduced fungus from that of the indigenous microbial community in nonsterile soil. We quantified biomass of a specific fungal biological control agent in nonsterile soil using epifluorescence microscopy and image analysis of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing Trichoderma harzianum (ThzID1-M3). Numbers of colony forming units on a semiselective medium were compared with biomass estimates from image analysis, after ThzID1-M3 was incubated in soil that either remained moist (-0.05 MPa) for 14 to 21 days or remained moist for approximately 5 days and then was allowed to dry to <-3.0 MPa. Recovery of significant numbers of ThzID1-M3 propagules lagged approximately 3 days behind initiation of hyphal growth. Reductions in both colony counts and biomass were observed over time when soil was allowed to dry. However, in soil that remained moist, colony counts increased over a 14- to 21-day period even though biomass declined after approximately 3 to 5 days. Our results confirm that use of GFP, along with epifluorescence microscopy, is a useful tool to distinguish active hyphal biomass, the form of the fungus that is functional for biological control, from inactive propagules such as conidia or chlamydospores that are enumerated by plate counts.  相似文献   

Immobilizing drugs lethal to swimming mammals   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

W E Schevill  C Ray  K W Kenyon  R T Orr  R G Van Gelder 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1967,157(789):630-631

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Viruses and Demyelinating Diseases          下载免费PDF全文

J. P. Orr 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1986,27(3):134

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ABSTRACTS     

H. E. Orr 《The Journal of small animal practice》2001,42(4):202-202

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