Application of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the analysis of imidacloprid in wiliwili tree, Erythrina sandwicensis O. Deg, for control of the wasp Quadrastichus erythrinae     

Xu T  Jacobsen CM  Cho IK  Hara AH  Li QX 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(22):8444-8449

A monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid was evaluated for its reproducibility, accuracy, and comparability to results from a conventional high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the analysis of imidacloprid in the endemic wiliwili tree (Erythrina sandwicensis O. Deg) found in dryland forests and landscapes in Hawaii. Imidacloprid was applied to these wiliwili trees in an attempt to control the newly introduced erythrina gall wasp, Quadrastichus erythrinae Kim. Leaf samples were freeze-dried and extracted with acidic aqueous methanol followed by methylene chloride partitioning. After solvent removal, the extract residue was reconstituted in 1 mL of water/methanol (1:1, v/v) for ELISA; no significant matrix interference was observed at 10-fold or more dilution. The average recoveries of imidacloprid from fortified samples ranged from 78% to 100% by ELISA. The correlation between the ELISA and HPLC results was excellent (r2 = 0.98). Imidacloprid was detected with the ELISA in all treated samples and its level varied in the samples among different treatments and in those from different parts of the trees. The infestation severity rating of leaf samples was inversely related to the concentration of imidacloprid. It is clear that imidacloprid effectively controls the wasps. The ELISA is a suitable method for quantitative and reliable determination of imidacloprid in wiliwili trees and the application provides information to understand how to control the wasps.  相似文献   

Effect of Semen Collection Methods on the Quality of Pre‐ and Post‐thawed Bali Cattle (Bos javanicus) Spermatozoa     

K Sarsaifi  Y Rosnina  MO Ariff  H Wahid  H Hani  N Yimer  J Vejayan  S Win Naing  MO Abas 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2013,48(6):1006-1012

This study was conducted to evaluate the response of Bali bulls (Bos javanicus) to different semen collection methods and their effects on fresh and post‐thawed semen quality. The collection methods employed were electro‐ejaculation (EE), transrectal massage (RM) and RM followed by EE (RM + EE). A total of 25 untrained Bali bulls (age between 2 and 4 years old) were subjected to the different semen collection methods. Fresh semen samples from all the 25 bulls were evaluated for volume, pH, general motility, live/dead ratio and abnormality using the conventional method. For fresh and frozen samples collected by EE and RM from 10 bulls, computer‐assisted semen analysis system was used for precise quantitative measurement of motility, velocity and forward progression. Accucell photometer was used to measure sperm concentration in all samples, regardless fresh and frozen. Semen samples were obtained 100% of the attempts using EE, 84% using RM and 96% using RM + EE. There were no differences among the collection methods for fresh semen quality characteristics, including motility, morphology and viability, but pH and volume were higher for EE than RM and RM + EE. Higher sperm concentration was observed in semen collected by RM than the other two methods. Different age groups (2–3 and >3–4 years old) of the bulls did not show significant differences in volume, pH, sperm concentration, percentages in motility, live/dead ratio and normal sperm morphology. The quality of semen for general and progressive motility, VAP, VSL and VCL and acrosomal integrity after thawing was higher for RM than EE. In conclusion, Bali bulls appeared to respond best to EE and the combination of RM + EE than RM, as a method of semen collection, with a shorter time of stimulation required. Differences in age of the Bali bulls did not affect the semen quality.  相似文献   

Molecular analysis of genetic diversity in melon landraces (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cucumis</Emphasis><Emphasis Type="Italic">melo</Emphasis> L.) from Myanmar and their relationship with melon germplasm from East and South Asia     

San San Yi  Yukari Akashi  Katsunori Tanaka  Tin Tin Cho  May Thin Khaing  Hiromichi Yoshino  Hidetaka Nishida  Tatsuya Yamamoto  Kyaw Win  Kenji Kato 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2009,56(8):1149-1161

Genetic diversity of Myanmar melon was evaluated by analysis of 27 RAPD markers and morphological characters using 41 accessions of melon landraces of which 36 accessions were small-seed type. The gene diversity was 0.239, higher than for group Conomon from East Asia and equivalent to Indian melon populations. Melon accessions were classified into six major clusters. The largest cluster IV comprised mainly group Conomon which was closely related to cluster V consisting of mainly group Agrestis. Most of the accessions of group Cantalupensis were grouped into clusters II or VII and were distantly related to groups Conomon and Agrestis. The genetic relationship to melon accessions from neighboring countries was analyzed. The 24 accessions of clusters IV and V were mostly clustered together with small-seed type melon of India, but the 14 accessions of clusters VI and VII were mostly clustered together with large-seed type melon of India. These results indicated that the genetic diversity of Indian melon is conserved in Myanmar. Genetic introgression among melon groups through spontaneous hybridization was also indicated and was considered important to maintain or increase the genetic diversity in Myanmar.  相似文献   

Review of the biotechnological applications of rice allelopathy in agricultural production          下载免费PDF全文

Ill‐Min Chung  Sung‐Kyu Park  Muthu Thiruvengadam  Ji‐Hee Lee  Seung‐Hyun Kim  Govindasamy Rajakumar 《Weed Biology and Management》2018,18(2):63-74

An improvement in the allelopathic potential of rice will have a great impact on both low‐input and high‐input management systems. Allelopathy alone is not likely to replace other weed control practices, but it surely functions as a component of integrated weed management technology. Allеlораthу is thе рrосе?? whеrеbу аn organic сhеm?саl (аllеlосhеm?саl) that is rеlеа?еd from one рlаnt influences the growth and dеvеlорmеnt of other plants. Allelochemical biosynthesis, release, environmental fate and action on other plant species can depend on genetic factors or on the environment and their interaction. As a result of these interactions, allelopathy is a complex phenomenon with limited repeatability. The term “allelopathy” has undergone several changes and it has been defined as any direct or indirect harmful or beneficial effect of a plant on another through the production of chemical compounds that it releases into the environment. Rice allelopathy is one of the modes of interaction between receptor and donor plants and could exert either positive effects or negative effects. The development of genetic modification by enhancing crops with allelopathic traits should be done cautiously, given the ecological risk (untoxic and safe for humans and the ecosystem, crop productivity, the ratio of benefit and cost etc.). Finally, this article reviews the agricultural production system allelopathy of novel applications, including the role of allelochemical consortia and their potential use in no‐tillage cropping systems, cover crops or mulches.  相似文献   

Desert rose witches’ broom disease associated with ‘<Emphasis Type="Italic">Candidatus</Emphasis> Phytoplasma aurantifolia’     

Nang Kyu Kyu Win  Chang-Gi Back  Young-Hwan Kim  Hee-Young Jung 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2012,78(1):73-76

In March 2011, witches’ brooms comprising many small shoots were observed on desert rose plants, Adenium obesum, in PyinOoLwin, Myanmar. The causal agent of the symptomatic leaves was diagnosed as a phytoplasma by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. Sequence analysis of the PCR product (1.8 kbp) showed the closest phylogenic relationships with members of the peanut witches’ broom phytoplasma group. Additionally, phylogenetic analyses revealed the phytoplasma is a member of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia’. This is the first report of desert rose plant as a new host for ‘Ca. P. aurantifolia’.  相似文献   

An engineered microbial platform for direct biofuel production from brown macroalgae     

Wargacki AJ  Leonard E  Win MN  Regitsky DD  Santos CN  Kim PB  Cooper SR  Raisner RM  Herman A  Sivitz AB  Lakshmanaswamy A  Kashiyama Y  Baker D  Yoshikuni Y 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,335(6066):308-313

Prospecting macroalgae (seaweeds) as feedstocks for bioconversion into biofuels and commodity chemical compounds is limited primarily by the availability of tractable microorganisms that can metabolize alginate polysaccharides. Here, we present the discovery of a 36-kilo-base pair DNA fragment from Vibrio splendidus encoding enzymes for alginate transport and metabolism. The genomic integration of this ensemble, together with an engineered system for extracellular alginate depolymerization, generated a microbial platform that can simultaneously degrade, uptake, and metabolize alginate. When further engineered for ethanol synthesis, this platform enables bioethanol production directly from macroalgae via a consolidated process, achieving a titer of 4.7% volume/volume and a yield of 0.281 weight ethanol/weight dry macroalgae (equivalent to ~80% of the maximum theoretical yield from the sugar composition in macroalgae).  相似文献   

A molecular framework for risk assessment of a virus-tolerant transgenic pepper line     

In Soon Pack  Yu-Jin Kim  Eun Soo Youk  Woo Kyu Lee  Won Kee Yoon  Kee Woong Park  Chang-Gi Kim  Chee Hark Harn  Hwan Mook Kim  Soon-Chun Jeong 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2012,15(2):107-115

The Cucumber mosaic virus coat protein (CMV-CP) gene-transgenic pepper lines exhibit high tolerance to Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) strains. In this study, E7, one of the CMVP0-CP transgenic chili pepper events selected by screening was further characterized. Southern blotting and inverse PCR analysis revealed that the E7 event contains a single copy of the inserted gene cassette whose flanking sequences appear to be noncoding and intergenic. We searched for pepper-specific DNA sequence candidates as an endogenous reference gene for GM-pepper detection. We found that only one copy of CaSIG4 and lipocalin genes are present in the pepper genome and their sequences were determined to be pepper-specific. The characterization of the genomic sequences flanking the transgene, as well as the availability of the pepper-specific single copy CaSIG4 and lipocalin genes as endogenous reference genes, enabled the design of E7-event-specific PCR-based quantitative detection methods. The CMV-CP protein levels in the CMV-inoculated wild-type pepper tissues were approximately 60 times higher than those in the uninoculated and CMV-inoculated E7 pepper tissues. These results suggested that the amount of CMV-CP expressed in transgenic pepper tissue was negligible relative to the amount of CMV-CP in the virus-infected wild-type pepper consumed by human beings. This work may prove useful for risk assessment studies of transgenic pepper lines. Furthermore, the characterized single copy genes, lipocalin and CaSIG4, may be used to develop a method to detect gene copy number variations in the pepper genome.  相似文献   

Population structure of Nga Myin Yinn Silonia silondia in the Ayeyarwady River,Myanmar, by mitochondrial DNA markers     

Soe  Toe Toe  Thwe  Thida Lay  Aye  Pwint Thu  Myint  Kyi Thar  Lwin  Than Than  Thaung  Ye Win  Min  Aye Aye  Mitsui  Shota  Terahara  Takeshi  Endo  Masato  Yokota  Masashi  Rahman  M. Moshiur  Kobayashi  Takeshi 《Fisheries Science》2021,87(3):311-320

Fisheries Science - The Silond catfish Silonia silondia, locally known as Nga Myin Yinn, is a commercially important fish in Myanmar; however, fundamental knowledge of its population structure is...  相似文献   

Screening extracts of Achyranthes japonica and Rumex crispus for activity against various plant pathogenic fungi and control of powdery mildew     

Kim JC  Choi GJ  Lee SW  Kim JS  Chung KY  Cho KY 《Pest management science》2004,60(8):803-808

Methanol extracts of fresh materials of 183 plants were screened for in vivo antifungal activity against Magnaporthe grisea, Corticium sasaki, Botrytis cinerea, Phytophthora infestans, Puccinia recondita and Erysiphe graminis f sp hordei. Among them, 33 plant extracts showed disease-control efficacy of more than 90% against at least one of six plant diseases. The methanol extracts of Achyranthes japonica (whole plant) and Rumex crispus (roots) at concentrations greater than 11 g fresh weight of plant tissue per litre of aqueous Tween 20 solution effectively controlled the development of barley powdery mildew caused by E graminis f sp hordei in an in vivo assay using plant seedlings. At a concentration of 300 g fresh weight of plant tissue per litre of Tween 20 solution, the two extracts were as efficient as the fungicide fenarimol (30 mg litre(-1)) and more active than the fungicide polyoxin B (100 and 33 mg litre(-1)) against Sphaerotheca fuliginea on cucumber plants in glasshouse trials.  相似文献   

Clinical efficacy of orally administered fluralaner for treatment of scabies in six free‐ranging raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides)     

Jae‐Eun Hyun  Hyun‐Kyu Jang  Cheol‐Yong Hwang  Seong‐Chan Yeon 《Veterinary dermatology》2019,30(3):267-e81

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