Fate of pesticides during beer brewing     

Inoue T  Nagatomi Y  Suga K  Uyama A  Mochizuki N 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(8):3857-3868

The fates of more than 300 pesticide residues were investigated in the course of beer brewing. Ground malt artificially contaminated with pesticides was brewed via steps such as mashing, boiling, and fermentation. Analytical samples were taken from wort, spent grain, and beer produced at certain key points in the brewing process. The samples were extracted and purified with the QuEChERS (Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged and Safe) method and were then analyzed by LC-MS/MS using a multiresidue method. In the results, a majority of pesticides showed a reduction in the unhopped wort and were adsorbed onto the spent grain after mashing. In addition, some pesticides diminished during the boiling and fermentation. This suggests that the reduction was caused mainly by adsorption, pyrolysis, and hydrolysis. After the entire process of brewing, the risks of contaminating beer with pesticides were reduced remarkably, and only a few pesticides remained without being removed or resolved.  相似文献   

Rapid determination of pathogens in mastitic milk of dairy cows using Gram staining     

Naoki SUZUKI  Sohei KANEKO  Naoki ISOBE 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2022,84(3):325

This study aimed to determine whether causative pathogens in mastitic milk can be determined by Gram staining after the centrifugation of milk. Gram staining was performed using unconcentrated and concentrated milk cells. Using this method, we found that the background of microscopic image of unconcentrated milk cells was complex and bacteria were difficult to detect. In contrast, the background of the smears in the concentrated milk cells was translucent, and bacterial and somatic cells were clearly visible. The sensitivity and specificity of the Gram staining of concentrated milk cells were 84.4% and 86.0% and 50.0% and 94.5% for the detection of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, respectively. The presented method provides a simple and inexpensive means of determining mastitis-causing pathogens.  相似文献   

红星苹果花柱S-核酸酶的分离与纯化     

李天忠  加藤直幹  奥野智旦 《农业生物技术学报》2005,13(5):568-571

采用多种蛋白分离纯化技术，结合生物鉴定方法，成功地从红星苹果（Malus domestica Borkh．）花柱中纯化出了一类与自交不亲和性识别反应相关的花柱蛋白。通过聚丙烯酰胺凝胶和等电聚焦电泳分析，确定该蛋白分子量为26和28kD，等电点为10．2和10．4，为碱性蛋白；核糖核酸酶活性染色和N-末端序列分析结果显示具有核酸酶活性，且与其它蔷薇科植物花柱S-核酸酶N-末端氨基酸序列同源性较高。  相似文献   

Development of simple sequence repeat markers in the halophytic turf grass <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sporobolus virginicus</Emphasis> and transferable genotyping across multiple grass genera/species/genotypes     

Chisato Endo  Naoki Yamamoto  Masaaki Kobayashi  Yukino Nakamura  Koji Yokoyama  Takamitsu Kurusu  Kentaro Yano  Yuichi Tada 《Euphytica》2017,213(2):56

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Differences in free amino acid composition between testis and ovary of sea urchin <Emphasis Type="Italic">Anthocidaris crassispina</Emphasis> during gonadal development     

Kazufumi Osako  Akihiko Fujii  Yaowalux Ruttanapornvareesakul  Naoki Nagano  Koichi Kuwahara  Akira Okamoto 《Fisheries Science》2007,73(3):660-667

ABSTRACT:   For the purpose of clarifying the differences of taste components between the testis and ovary of the sea urchin Anthocidaris crassispina , variations in free amino acid composition in gonadal extract during gonadal development were investigated using chemical and histopathological methods. Sea urchins were collected at Iki Island, Nagasaki, Japan between 30 April and 5 June 2003, and maturation stages and the free amino acid compositions were determined. The sweet amino acids threonine (Thr), glycine (Gly), and alanine (Ala), the umami amino acid glutamic acid (Glu), and the bitter amino acids lysine (Lys) and arginine (Arg) were the main constituents accounting for more than 80% of total free amino acids. In the testis and ovary, Gly levels were the highest among them and increased with gonadal development. The other free amino acids consisted mainly of bitter amino acids and either showed no variation or decreased with gonadal development. These variations in free amino acid composition were observed more clearly in the ovary than the testis. These findings indicate the possibility of differences in the flavor of sea urchin gonad by sex and gonadal development stages.  相似文献   

Catch forecasting and relationship between water temperature and catch fluctuations in snow crab <Emphasis Type="Italic">Chionoecetes opilio</Emphasis> in the western Sea of Japan     

Daisuke Yamanaka  Kazumi Sakuramoto  Naoki Suzuki  Tohru Nagasawa 《Fisheries Science》2007,73(4):837-844

Catch forecasting and the relationship between water temperature and catch in the snow crab Chionoecetes opilio in the western Sea of Japan were investigated. Catch was used as an index of abundance on the basis of high correlations between catch per unit effort for the period when the latter data were available. The pattern of fluctuations, in catches and index coincided well with each other. Therefore, catch data were regarded as an index of abundance and the correlation coefficient between catch and water temperature was calculated at several depths from 1964 to 1999. Catch forecasting models were composed using significantly correlated variables with the following results: (i) in April and September, the catch showed high positive correlation with water temperatures (depth 50, 100, and 200 m, time lag 4–6 years); and (ii) a model using water temperatures in April alone (depth 100 m, time lag 4–7 years) forecasted the catches with a coefficient of determination of 0.504, where models using more variables (water temperatures in the 2 months and catches) showed a coefficient of 0.587 at most. Environmental conditions during the early life stages of the snow crab are thought to deeply influence the fluctuations, in abundance.  相似文献   

A review of ghost fishing: scientific approaches to evaluation and solutions   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

Tatsuro?MatsuokaEmail author  Toshiko?Nakashima  Naoki?Nagasawa 《Fisheries Science》2005,71(4):691-702

ABSTRACT:   Research on ghost fishing became active in the late 1980s. Ghost fishing has been confirmed for traps, gillnets, trammel-nets and small seine nets. Some lost traps are functional for a long period of time, even in shallow waters. Consequences for gillnets after loss depend on seabed conditions. The ghost fishing function of gillnets remaining on flat seabeds declines rapidly with decreasing heights and increasing visibility. Gillnets left tangled around an artificial reef, for example, three-dimensionally maintain the initial magnitude of ghost fishing for a long period of time, even after badly fouled. There are increasing numbers of researches working on the total number of mortality per gear after gear loss for gillnets and trammel-nets. It has become also possible to estimate the total number of mortality for a unit period of time in a certain fishing sector. This paper reviews research which has provided evidence and quantitative data on ghost fishing, and proposes five items important for future studies on ghost fishing.  相似文献   

Genetic variation in resistance of the tiger pufferfish Takifugu rubripes to a host-specific monogenean parasite Heterobothrium okamotoi     

Kim  Dong In  Hosoya  Sho  Mizuno  Naoki  Ito  Kotaro  Ieda  Risa  Kikuchi  Kiyoshi 《Fisheries Science》2019,85(6):1019-1025

Fisheries Science - The tiger pufferfish Takifugu rubripes is one of the most valuable aquaculture species in Japan. In this study, we investigated the genetic variation in resistance to...  相似文献   

Cloning and nutritional regulation of polyunsaturated fatty acid desaturase and elongase of a marine teleost,the nibe croaker <Emphasis Type="Italic">Nibea mitsukurii</Emphasis>     

Yoji Yamamoto  Naoki Kabeya  Yutaka Takeuchi  Alimuddin  Yutaka Haga  Shuichi Satoh  Toshio Takeuchi  Goro Yoshizaki 《Fisheries Science》2010,76(3):463-472

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Bark thickness of host pine trees and female body size affecting ovipositional success ofSirex nitobei matsumura (hymenoptera: Siricidae)     

Hideshi Fukuda  Naoki Hijii 《Journal of Forest Research》1998,3(3):185-186

We examined the effect of bark thickness of host trees on the ovipositional success ofSirex nitobei in relation to female body size by analyzing the relationships between female body-weight and ovipositor length and between bark thickness ofP. densiflora andP. thunbergii trees and oviposition proportion (the proportion of eggs laid to the potential female lifetime fecundity) of the woodwasp. The ovipositor length ranged from 6 to 14 mm and was correlated positively with the fresh body-weight of females. The bark thickness of host trees had no significant correlation with the oviposition proportion of large females of more than 100 mg f.wt, whereas it was correlated negatively with that of small females of less than 100 mg f.wt. Thus,P. densiflora, which has thinner bark as a whole thanP. thunbergii, may be more suitable for oviposition, especially for smaller females. Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. This study was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, and Culture (No. 80003292).  相似文献