Characterizing avian Escherichia coli isolates with multiplex polymerase chain reaction     

Skyberg JA  Horne SM  Giddings CW  Wooley RE  Gibbs PS  Nolan LK 《Avian diseases》2003,47(4):1441-1447

Colibacillosis caused by Escherichia coli infections account for significant morbidity and mortality in the poultry industry. Yet, despite the importance of colibacillosis, much about the virulence mechanisms employed by avian E. coli remains unknown. In recent years several genes have been linked to avian E. coli virulence, many of which reside on a large transmissible plasmid. In the present study, a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol to detect the presence of four of these genes is described. Such a protocol may supplement current diagnostic schemes and provide a rapid means of characterizing the E. coli causing disease in poultry. The targets of this procedure included iss, the increased serum survival gene; tsh, the temperature sensitive hemagglutinin gene; cvi, the ColV immunity gene; and iucC, a gene of the aerobactin operon. Organisms, known for their possession or lack of these genes, were used as a source of the template DNA to develop the multiplex PCR protocol. Identity of the amplicons was confirmed by size, DNA:DNA hybridization with specific gene probes, and DNA sequencing. When the multiplex PCR protocol was used to characterize 10 E. coli isolates incriminated in avian colibacillosis and 10 from the feces of apparently healthy birds, nine of the isolates from apparently healthy birds contained no more than one gene, while the 10th contained all four. Also, eight of the isolates incriminated in colibacillosis contained three or more genes, while the remaining two contained two of the target genes. Interestingly, the isolates of sick birds containing only two of the targeted genes killed the least number of embryos,and the isolate of healthy birds that contained all the genes killed the most embryos amongthis group. These genes were not found among the non-E. coli isolates tested, demonstrating the procedure's specificity for E. coli. Overall, these results suggest that this protocol might be useful in characterization and study of avian E. coli.  相似文献   

Relationship between physiological factors and clinical pain in dogs scored using a numerical rating scale   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

L. L. Holton    E. M. Scott  †  A. M. Nolan    J. Reid  E. Welsh 《The Journal of small animal practice》1998,39(10):469-474

A study was designed to investigate the association between heart rate, respiratory rate and pupil dilation and a subjective pain score allocated using a numerical rating scale (NRS). Four groups of dogs (n = 17 to 20 per group) were included: orthopaedic surgery cases, soft tissue surgery cases, dogs with medical conditions and healthy dogs. Each dog was examined by five veterinary surgeons within a four-hour period. When examining each dog, the observers recorded heart rate, respiratory rate, pupil dilation (present or absent) and a pain score using a NRS (range 0 to 10). For surgical cases, all study assessments were carried out between 21 and 27 hours following the end of surgery. The correlation coefficients between physiological parameters and NRS score were small but, depending on the analysis, were significant for heart rate and NRS score (P < 0·05). However, the size of the coefficient, 0·168, indicated that the relationship was not biologically significant. There was no association between respiratory rate and NRS score. Analysis of the relationship between NRS score and pupil dilation indicated that there was an association between this factor and pain, depending on the analysis. This was significant for the surgical groups (P < 0·05) but not for the other groups.
These findings indicate that heart rate and respiratory rate are not useful indicators of pain in hospitalised dogs. It is also unlikely that pupil dilation will be a useful tool in the assessment of pain.  相似文献   

PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF A STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF XYLAZINE ON AIRWAY PRESSURE IN THE SHEERS' LUNG     

A. Nolan  A. Waterman  A. Livingston 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》1985,13(1):122-124

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Development of a behaviour‐based measurement tool with defined intervention level for assessing acute pain in cats     

G. Calvo  E. Holden  J. Reid  E. M. Scott  A. Firth  A. Bell  S. Robertson  A. M. Nolan 《The Journal of small animal practice》2014,55(12):622-629

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Evaluation of facial expression in acute pain in cats     

E. Holden  G. Calvo  M. Collins  A. Bell  J. Reid  E. M. Scott  A. M. Nolan 《The Journal of small animal practice》2014,55(12):615-621

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Use of a programmable, activity-sensing, rate-regulating Sacemaker in dog     

M. A. Cobb  J. Nolan  S. E. Brownlie  R. H. Abercromby  A. L. Fussell 《The Journal of small animal practice》1990,31(8):398-400

A multi-programmable, single chamber pulse generator with automatic, activity-sensing rate regulation was successfully implanted into an eight-year-old crossbred dog with symptomatic third-degree atrioventricular heart block. Postoperative Holter monitoring confirmed appropriate activity-related changes in the ventricular rate.  相似文献   

Effects of medetomidine premedication on propofol infusion anaesthesia in dogs     

E. Lagerweij  L.W. Hall  A.M. Nolan 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》1993,20(2):78-83

Observations of cardiovascular and respiratory parameters were made on six dogs anaesthetized on two separate occasions for 120 minutes with a propofol infusion, once without premedication and once following premedication with 10 μg kg-¹ of intramuscular medetomidine. During anaesthesia the heart rate and cardiac index tended to be lower following medetomidine premedication, while the mean arterial pressure was significantly greater (p<0.05). Although the differences were not statistically significant, the systemic vascular resistance, pulmonary vascular resistance and stroke volume index were also greater in dogs given medetomidine. The mean arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions were similar under both regimens, but in 2 dogs supplementary oxygen had to be administered during anaesthesia to alleviate severe hypoxaemia on both occasions they were anaesthetized. Minute and tidal volumes of respiration tended to be greater in dogs not given medetomidine but medetomidine premedication appeared to have no effect on venous admixture. Dogs given medetomidine received intramuscular atipamezole at the end of the 120 min. propofol infusion; the mean time from induction of anaesthesia to walking without ataxia was 174. min in the unpremedicated dogs and 160 min. in the dogs given atipamezole. The mean blood propofol concentration at which the dogs walked without ataxia was higher in the unpremedicated animals (2.12 ± 0.077 μg. ml-¹ compared with 1.27 ± 0.518 μg. ml-¹ in the premedicated dogs). The oxygen delivery to the tissues was lower after medetomidine premedication (p = 0.03) and the oxygen consumption was generally lower after medetomidine premedication but the difference did not achieve statistical significance. No correlation could be demonstrated between blood propofol concentration and cardiac index, systemic or pulmonary vascular resistance indices, systolic, diastolic or mean arterial blood pressures.  相似文献   

A note on Ozark migrants and nonmigrants     

Nolan MF  Lasley RP  Green G  Hefferman WD 《Growth and change》1981,12(3):47-52

"This study documents the extent of the population shift in five Ozark counties in Missouri. It describes the structure of the population, compares migrants and nonmigrants on the basis of various sociological and demographic indicators, and examines the extent of agreement between migrants and nonmigrants on a number of community issues." The implications for rural areas of the phenomenon of urban-rural migration are considered  相似文献   

Evaluation of the Nutrition Education at Primary School (NEAPS) programme     

Friel S  Kelleher C  Campbell P  Nolan G 《Public health nutrition》1999,2(4):549-555

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The after-hours mutant reveals a role for Fbxl3 in determining mammalian circadian period     

Godinho SI  Maywood ES  Shaw L  Tucci V  Barnard AR  Busino L  Pagano M  Kendall R  Quwailid MM  Romero MR  O'neill J  Chesham JE  Brooker D  Lalanne Z  Hastings MH  Nolan PM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,316(5826):897-900

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