Effect of free-air CO₂ enrichment on the storage of carbohydrate fixed at different stages in rice (Oryza sativa L.)     

Haruto Sasaki  Takahiro Hara  Satoshi Ito  Naoko Uehara  Han-Yong Kim  Mark Lieffering  Masumi Okada  Kazuhiko Kobayashi 《Field Crops Research》2007

Increasing global atmospheric CO₂ concentrations are expected to influence crop production. To investigate the effect on rice (Oryza sativa L.), plants were grown under ambient CO₂ (AMB) or free-air CO₂-enrichment (FACE) at CO₂ concentrations ranged from 275 to 365 μmol mol⁻¹ above AMB. We supplied ¹³CO₂ to the plants at different growth stages so we could examine the contribution of carbohydrate stored during the vegetative stage or newly fixed carbohydrate produced during the grain-filling stage to ear weight at grain maturity. In plants supplied with ¹³C at the panicle-initiation or pre-heading stages, plants grown under FACE had more starch in the stems at heading, but there was no difference in stem ¹³C content. Furthermore, there were no differences between treatments in whole-plant ¹³C contents at heading and grain maturity. In contrast, plants supplied with ¹³C at the grain-filling stage had more ¹³C in the whole plant and the ears at grain maturity under FACE than under AMB, indicating that the increased amount of photosynthate produced at the grain-filling stage under CO₂ enrichment might be effectively stored in the grains. Furthermore, regardless of when the ¹³C was supplied, plants had more ¹³C in starch in the ears at grain maturity under FACE than under AMB. Therefore, CO₂ enrichment appears to promote partitioning of photosynthate produced during both vegetative and grain-filling stages to the grains.  相似文献   

Application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process to irrigation project improvement: Part II. How professionals evaluate an irrigation project for its improvement     

H. Okada  S.W. Styles 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(3):205-210

Planning improvement of an irrigation project often depends on irrigation professionals who conduct the initial survey of the irrigation project. Accordingly, activities for improvement will be different depending on who evaluates the status quo of the irrigation project, because of the diversity of expertise and experience of professionals. A questionnaire survey was conducted to examine how irrigation professionals evaluate an irrigation project, that is, on what evaluation factors (EFs) they place the importance. In the questionnaire, professionals ranked the relative importance of EFs derived from internal process indicators of the Rapid Appraisal Process (RAP). Answers to the questionnaire were processed by the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP, Part I), and then local weights of EFs were obtained as a measure of relative importance of EFs. Those local weights were statistically analyzed by the Anderson-Darling normality test, the F-test and the t-test. Then, they were modeled by probability density functions. The results implied (a) that irrigation professionals give the first priority to water delivery services project-wide and (b) that they consider that irrigation infrastructure (hardware) of primary canals is more important than that of secondary canals. These findings infer that irrigation professionals first consider how well water is controlled and distributed project-wide and second how appropriately primary canals are designed and maintained. Also, their views are divided into two regarding importance of hardware and management, namely some insist that hardware is more important than management and the others insist that management is more important than hardware.  相似文献   

C-cell Distribution in Ovine Thyroid Gland   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

H. Okada    Y. Shigeta  Y. Un-No   《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》1995,24(4):281-284

The number and percentage of C-cells per unit area were investigated in 2-3-year-old sheep by an immunoperoxidase technique, using a digital-image analysis. C-cells were distributed throughout the thyroid lobes but were not present in either the isthmus or the superior and inferior poles of the thyroid. C-cells were more concentrated in the deep central region of the lobes and decreased gradually toward the periphery. There was a high correlation between the number and the percentage of C-cells per unit area of thyroid gland in sheep. Significant differences were not present between male and female sheep of 2-3 years of age.  相似文献   

Immunohistochemical demonstration of parafollicular (C) cells in sheep thyroid and parathyroid glands     

H M Okada  K Matsukawa  N Ohgiya  H Yokota  H Taniyama  A Yuasa 《Nippon juigaku zasshi. The Japanese journal of veterinary science》1990,52(4):879-882

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Inhibition of turkey herpesvirus replication by anti-cellular serum     

T Mikami  T Higashihara  M Yasuda  K Kunihiro  H Kodama  H Izawa  I Okada 《Avian diseases》1985,29(1):250-255

Quail embryo fibroblasts were used to investigate how rabbit and chicken antisera against chicken erythrocytes carrying different B alleles of the major histocompatibility antigens affect the neutralization of herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT). Although the neutralizing activities of these antisera were rather low, the HVT propagated in chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) from certain genotypic embryos was neutralized more by the antisera to the corresponding erythrocytes. After absorption of these antisera with homologous erythrocytes, the neutralizing activity of the absorbed sera was reduced slightly. These results reveal that the virion antigens of HVT might be partially associated with the host cell antigens of the fibroblast infected with the virus. The virus grown in these cells might incorporate the host cell antigens, including histocompatibility antigens, into the virion envelope.  相似文献   

A case of bovine cerebral mucormycosis     

Y Chihaya  K Matsukawa  H Okada 《Nippon juigaku zasshi. The Japanese journal of veterinary science》1986,48(6):1271-1274

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Electron microscopic observations on sporulation of Tyzzer's organism, "Bacillus piliformis"     

N Okada  K Midoro  K Fujiwara 《Nippon juigaku zasshi. The Japanese journal of veterinary science》1986,48(3):605-609

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Disseminated aspergillosis with lesions in the central nervous system in a calf     

Y Chihaya  K Matsukawa  Y Furusawa  Y Hatta  H Okada  K Arisawa 《Nippon juigaku zasshi. The Japanese journal of veterinary science》1988,50(1):131-137

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Ultrastructure of thyroid C cells in sheep treated with vitamin D3.     

H Okada  E Saito  K Matsukawa 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》1991,53(5):921-927

Ultrastructural observation was performed in C cells of sheep injected intramuscularly with a dose of 2 million IU of vitamin D3 daily for 10 days, 20 days and 30 days, respectively. After treatment with vitamin D3, hyperplasia and hypertrophy of C cells were noticed mainly at the periphery of the thyroid follicles. Most of hypertrophied C cells degranulated conspicuously and contained many prosecretory granules near the well developed Golgi apparatus which were in the actively secreting and packaging phase of their secretory cycle. The other C cells had prominent lamellar arrays of rough-endoplasmic reticulum and aggregations of free ribosomes in the cytoplasm which were interpreted to be in the actively synthesizing phase of their secretory cycle. Atrophic C cells which contained degenerative organelles in the cytoplasm were occasionally observed among the hypertrophied C cells. The present ultrastructural findings clarified that C cells synthesize and secrete calcitonin continuously due to prolonged hypercalcemia induced by long-term administration of excessive doses of vitamin D3 in sheep.  相似文献   

Perinatal changes in the population of colonic goblet cells in the rat     

Y Morikawa  S Inoue  T Okada 《Nippon juigaku zasshi. The Japanese journal of veterinary science》1988,50(2):585-588

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