Comparison of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay and enzyme assay for diagnosis of G(M1)-gangliosidosis in Shiba dogs.     

Osamu Yamato  Asogi Kobayashi  Hiroyuki Satoh  Daiji Endoh  Toru Shoda  Yukiko Masuoka  Ayano Hatakeyama  Eun-Og Jo  Tomoya Asano  Madoka Yonemura  Masahiro Yamasaki  Yoshimitsu Maede 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2004,16(4):299-304

In the present study, diagnostic methods for canine G(M1)-gangliosidosis were examined by comparing a DNA mutation assay with an enzyme assay. Sixty-two Shiba dogs of a pedigree with G(M1)-gangliosidosis were differentiated into 3 genotypes, i.e., normal, heterozygous, and homozygous affected dogs, using a DNA mutation assay, which consists of polymerase chain reaction amplification and the determination of restriction fragment length polymorphisms. The beta-galactosidase activity in leukocytes, umbilical cords, and plasma was measured using 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-galactoside and p-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactoside as artificial substrates and compared among the 3 genotypes. The results showed that it was possible to identify homozygous dogs with the enzyme assay using leukocytes and umbilical cords. When using leukocytes, heterozygous carriers could be differentiated from normal dogs in many cases. However, the use of the DNA mutation assay is essential for a complete determination of heterozygous carriers because of the overlap in the distribution of enzyme activity between these 2 groups. When umbilical cords were used, heterozygous carriers could not be differentiated from normal dogs because of no significant difference in enzyme activity between these 2 groups. The beta-galactosidase activity in plasma was not applicable to the diagnosis and genotyping of G(M1)-gangliosidosis in Shiba dogs.  相似文献   

Comparison of feed intake, digestibility and fattening performance of Brahman grade cattle (Bos indicus) and crossbred water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)     

Rosalina M. LAPITAN  Arnel N. DEL BARRIO  Osamu KATSUBE  Tomomi TOKUDA  Edgar A. ORDEN  Alberto Y. ROBLES  Tsutomu FUJIHARA  Libertado C. CRUZ  Yukio KANAI 《Animal Science Journal》2004,75(6):549-555

Twenty growing crossbred cattle and crossbred water buffalo (carabao) with an average age of 22 (18–24 months) months were equally distributed into two treatment groups according to species. The animals were fed with the same ration made up of corn silage (50%) + wet brewer's spent grain (30%) + concentrate mixture (20%), and their fattening performance was monitored. The digestibilities of the different nutrients were likewise determined. The economics of raising the animals under intensive production system was calculated. Species differences did not influence total dry matter intake of the animals, when expressed as percentage of the bodyweight and per metabolic body size. There were no significant differences in digestion coefficients of the different nutrients, except for crude protein in crossbred water buffalo and crossbred cattle, although the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and nitrogen free extract tended to be high in the former than in the latter. Likewise, average daily gain (ADG) was similar, although crossbred water buffalo had numerically higher ADG (828.6 vs 785.5 g) than crossbred cattle during the 6 months feeding. During the first 3 months of feeding (1–90 days), the ADG of crossbred water buffalo was 1066.1 g compared to 940.1 g for crossbred cattle. From 91 to 180 days, the crossbred cattle had slightly higher ADG (630.1 vs 591.1 g) but also the difference was not significant. The return above feed cost was comparable for crossbred cattle and crossbred water buffalo during the first 90 days of feeding. However, extending the feeding period from 91 to 180 days , income over feed cost was higher (P < 0.05) for crossbred cattle by PhP 5.3/kg gain than crossbred water buffalo. Results showed that crossbred water buffalo could attain similar growth rate with that of crossbred cattle under intensive system, when fed with high quality feed materials.  相似文献   

Controlled release of estradiol-17β and bisphenol A from a silicone tube for long-term administration in mice     

Atsushi OKADA  Yoshitsugu NIWA  Takao KATASE  Osamu KAI 《Animal Science Journal》2005,76(6):535-539

Silicone tubes filled with estradiol‐17β (E2) or the xenestrogen, bisphenol A (BPA) were covered with a polyethylene tube and implanted into mice subcutaneously. The releasing patterns from the tube in vivo were obtained from the volume of estrogen remaining in the tube by measurement with high performance lipid chromatography. E2 in glycerol was released in a few days from a silicone tube, which was not covered with a polyethylene tube (Type A). However, E2 in sesame oil was released very slowly from the silicone tube covered with a polyethylene tube (Type B) and approximately 10% of E2 remained in the tube at 56 days after implantation into the mice. The mean linear regression equation for E2 was Y = 70.967 ? 1.2271X (R² = 0.9268) and the quadratic regression equation was Y = 77.97 ? 2.2773X + 0.0194 × 2 (R² = 0.9864). The remainder rate curves of E2 and BPA were not significantly different throughout the experimental period of 56 days. The Type B tube in the present experiment might be useful for long‐term administration of estrogens.  相似文献   

Different factors affect developmental competence and cryotolerance in in vitro produced bovine embryo   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Imai K  Matoba S  Dochi O  Shimohira I 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2002,64(10):887-891

The present study was conducted to examine the effects of culture systems and culture media on developmental competence and freezability of bovine embryos obtained by in vitro culture of in vitro matured and fertilized (IVM-IVF) oocytes. No significant difference was observed in the proportions of oocytes developed to blastocysts, the speed at which the oocytes reached the blastocyst stage and the number of cells, when the IVM-IVF oocytes were cultured in CR1aa with or without cumulus cells. Nevertheless, more of the IVM-IVF oocytes cultured either with or without cumulus cells in CR1aa were seen to reach the blastocyst stage much sooner than those cultured with cumulus cells in TCM199 (P<0.05). The proportion of embryos developed to the blastocyst stage by day 7 in CR1aa culture was significantly higher than embryos cultured in TCM199. Viability after frozen-thawed blastocysts were obtained in vitro, was seen in a significantly higher percentage of embryos cultured in TCM199 and developed to the hatched blastocysts than in those cultured in CR1aa (P<0.05). These results indicate that CR1aa was superior to TCM199 for the potential developmental of IVM-IVF oocytes to blastocysts during in vitro culture regardless of co-culture with or without cumulus cells. But the freezability of blastocysts developed in CR1aa was inferior to those developed in TCM199.  相似文献   

The antiproliferative effect of bovine lactoferrin on canine mammary gland tumor cells     

Yamada Y  Sato R  Kobayashi S  Hankanga C  Inanami O  Kuwabara M  Momota Y  Tomizawa N  Yasuda J 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2008,70(5):443-448

Lactoferrin has several biological activities, including antitumor activities in some human and animal tumor cells. Clinical trials have been carried out in human medicine based on these effects. However, the antitumor effects of lactoferrin in veterinary medicine remain unknown. In this in vitro study, we demonstrated that co-incubation of canine mammary gland tumor cells (CIPp and CHMp) and bovine lactoferrin induced growth arrest of tumor cells. This growth arrest was associated with induction of G1 arrest. Furthermore, this effect was stronger in tumor cells than in normal cells. These findings demonstrate that bovine lactoferrin has anti-tumor activity in canine mammary tumors and has the potential for use in tumor-bearing dogs.  相似文献   

Effect of bovine lactoferrin on functions of activated feline peripheral blood mononuclear cells during chronic feline immunodeficiency virus infection   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kobayashi S  Sato R  Aoki T  Omoe K  Inanami O  Hankanga C  Yamada Y  Tomizawa N  Yasuda J  Sasaki J 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2008,70(5):429-435

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection is characterized by chronic overactivation of immune and inflammatory system, resulting in anergic state and dysfunction of immune cells. Lactoferrin (LF), a glycoprotein present in exocrine secretions and neutrophils, plays an important role in host defense system. Our previous study showed that oral administration of bovine LF (bLF) suppressed oral inflammation, improved the clinical symptoms and decreased serum gamma-globulin as a marker of inflammation in FIV-infected cats with intractable stomatitis. The anti-inflammatory effect was partly involved in regulation of neutrophil function by bLF. In this study, to clarify the relationship between anti-inflammatory effects of bLF and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), we examined the effect of bLF on proliferation, cell cycle progression and cytokine expression in mitogen-activated PBMC. MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)- 2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay showed that bLF inhibited the concanavalin A (ConA)-induced cell proliferation in FIV-infected cats with the asymptomatic carrier and AIDS-related complex (ARC) phase. Bovine LF restored ConA-induced cell cycle progression and resulted in suppression of the induced apoptosis in feline PBMC. Real-time RT-PCR showed that bLF suppressed ConA-induced expression of interferon-gamma and interleukin-2 in cells of the ARC group regardless of the time of its addition to the medium. These results suggest the hypothesis that therapy with bLF may have the potential to improve and protect functions of overactivated lymphocytes by modulating the cell proliferation, cell cycle and cytokines expression in cats in terminal stage of FIV infection.  相似文献   

Morphological analysis of corneal opacity in Shiba dog with GM1 gangliosidosis     

Nagayasu A  Nakamura T  Yamato O  Tsuzuki K  Hosaka Y  Ueda H  Tangkawattana P  Takehana K 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2008,70(9):881-886

GM1 gangliosidosis is one of the inherited metabolic lysosomal storage disorders characterized by neurological symptoms caused by beta-galactosidase deficiency and consequent accumulation of GM1 ganglioside in neuronal cells. Shiba dogs affected with GM1 gangliosidosis have been found to suffer from corneal opacity. In our morphological analysis, keratocyte enlargement was induced by abnormal intracellular accumulation of neutral carbohydrates, resulting in the loss of normal arrangement of collagen fibrils in the opaque cornea was found to be associated with the disorder. We therefore conclude that corneal opacity in this Shiba dog with GM1 gangliosidosis may be caused by neutral carbohydrate accumulation in lysosomes, swelling and dysfunction of keratocytes, and subsequent irregular arrangement of collagen fibrils in the corneal proper substance.  相似文献   

Nuclear genome constitution and other characteristics of somatic hybrids between dihaploid Solanum acaule and tetraploid S. tuberosum     

Tetsuya Yamada  Kazuyoshi Hosaka  Kumi Nakagawa  Noriyo Kaide  Shuji Misoo  Osamu Kamijima 《Euphytica》1998,102(2):239-246

Eleven somatic hybrids (2n = 68 to 74) obtained between S. tuberosum ssp. tuberosum cv. Dejima (2n = 48) and ATDH-1 (2n = 24), an anther-culture-derived dihaploid of S. acaule (Yamada et al., 1997), were characterized by nuclear RFLP markers using 49 single-copy DNA probes distributed throughout the potato genome (2 to 6 probes per chromosome). One of the somatic hybrids, DA8-2, had 72 chromosomes and all the Dejima- and ATDH-1-specific markers (124 and 103 bands, respectively), suggesting the presence of a whole set of both parental chromosomes. The other somatic hybrids lost varying numbers of markers up to seventeen. The pattern of the loss of markers indicated the elimination of five chromosomes among four somatic hybrids. A nucleolar organizer region of chromosome 2 was often eliminated in the somatic hybrids. The somatic hybrids studied here had higher frequencies of multivalent formation than the S. tuberosum parent. They had reasonably good seed set when pollinated with S. tuberosum pollen. Hence, homoeologous recombination between S. acaule and S. tuberosum chromosomes is possible and useful traits from S. acaule may be transferred to the S. tuberosum gene pool. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Investigation of change in tangential strain on the inner bark of the stem and root ofBetula platyphylla var.japonica andAcer mono during sap season     

Masato Yoshida  Osamu Yamamoto  Takashi Okuyama  Yutaka Tamai  Yuzou Sano  Minoru Terazawa 《Journal of Wood Science》1999,45(5):361-367

Although it is well known that sap exudation during early spring in temperate deciduous trees occurs in response to daytime warming and nighttime cooling, the mechanisms of the process are not yet fully understood. Previous theories suggested that changes in stress in the wood caused by daytime heating and nighttime cooling might be linked with sap flow. Consequently, a study of itaya-kaede maple (Aver mono) and shirakamba birch (Betula platyphylla var.japonica) looked at tangential strains. One-hour intervals for 3 years of the tangential strains on the inner bark of stem and root were measured in itaya-kaede maple and shirakamba birch during the sap exudation season. The measurements indicated different mechanisms of sap exudation in these two trees. During the sap exudation season in late March, when the temperature fluctuated around 0°C, the tangential strain in the root of itaya-kaede maple showed expansion in the daytime and contraction at night. Conversely, in early April the tangential strain in the root of shirakamba birch exhibited contraction in the daytime and expansion at night. The changes in tangential strains in itaya-kaede maple were attributed to conditioning, a known concept used to explain the uptake mechanism of soil water in maple and its exudation during early spring. However, because the change in tangential strain in the roots of shirakamba birch was similar to that found during the rampant season, sap exudation was not attributed to conditioning but to the plentiful supply of water from the roots. The implications of these mechanisms are that different sap harvesting techniques may be appropriate for different tree species.  相似文献   

Physicochemical Properties and Molecular Structures of Starches from Millet (Pennisetum typhoides) and Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) Cultivars in Nigeria     

Terna Gaffa  Yasushi Yoshimoto  Isao Hanashiro  Osamu Honda  Sadamichi Kawasaki  Yasuhito Takeda 《Cereal Chemistry》2004,81(2):255-260

Some physicochemical properties and molecular structures of starches from millet (Pennisetum typhoides, Doro and Gero) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor, red and white) in Nigeria were examined. Starch granules of millet and sorghum were 3–14 μm and 4–26 μm in diameter, respectively. Millet cultivars had similar peak viscosities (204–205 RVU) on pasting, while sorghum showed similar minimum viscosities (155–156 RVU). The actual amylose content (%) calculated from iodine affinity (IA, g/100 g) was 20.1 and 21.4 for sorghum and 21.3 for millet. The IA of amylopectin was high (1.27–1.42) and its average chain lengths were 20–21 with β‐amylolysis limit of 56%. Amylopectins showed a polymodal molecular weight distribution on a molar basis. The distributions differed among the samples with a higher amount of larger molecules in Doro and red sorghum. Weight‐ and molar‐based distributions of debranched amylopectins on HPSEC were polymodal with weight‐based distribution showing presence of long chains. Peak DP values for A+B₁ and B₂+B₃ chain fractions were 13–16 and 42–43, respectively. The (A+B₁)/(B₂+B₃) ratio on molar basis (9.0–11.5) was similar to maize and rice amylopectins. Peak DP on molar‐based distribution for white sorghum and millet amyloses were similar (490–540) and the DP_n range was narrow (1,060–1,300), but weight‐based distribution profiles differed. The average chain lengths were 260–270 with 3.9–4.8 chains per molecule.  相似文献