Persistent efficacy of abamectin and doramectin against gastrointestinal nematodes of cattle     

PF ROLFE  KL DAWSON  MD SOLL  GK NICHOLS  WG RYAN 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(1):33-35

Objective To assess the persistent activity of injectable formulations of abamectin and doramectin against gastrointestinal nematodes of cattle.
Design Controlled slaughter study assessing residual efficacy.
Procedure Nematode-free calves were treated with abamectin or doramectin (each at a dose of 200 μg/kg) and infections then induced with repeated doses of infective larvae of Trichostrongylus axei, Haemonchus placei, Ostertagia ostertagi and Cooperia species. The duration of challenge ranged from 14 to 28 days. The calves were slaughtered at either 38/39 or 45/46 days after the treatments and nematodes recovered from the gastro-intestinal tract.
Results Significant reductions in numbers of O ostertagi occurred for both abamectin and doramectin treatments (> 93%) relative to counts in untreated calves, when challenge was administered up to 21 days after treatment. For T axei and Cooperia spp significant reductions occurred when the challenge occurred for 14 days after treatment (99%). Although differences from untreated animals were not significant, the results for H placei suggested high efficacy (> 85%) for up to 21 days for doramectin and up to 28 days for abamectin.
Conclusion There was no significant difference between abamectin and doramectin for any parasite at any challenge point, indicating that there is equivalent persistent activity of doramectin and abamectin against important gastrointestinal nematodes of cattle.  相似文献   

Improvement of the Culture Conditions for In Vitro Production of Cattle Embryos in a Portable CO₂ Incubator     

YJ Dong  MD Varisanga  NR Mtango  M Aono  T Otoi  & T Suzuki 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2001,36(6):313-318

The effects of different concentrations of growth hormone (GH) on in vitro maturation (IVM), fertilization (IVF) and culture (IVC) of bovine oocyte/embryos in CR1aa or CR2aa media using a simple CO₂ incubator were investigated. The IVM/IVF/IVC of oocytes were carried out in the presence of 0, 50, 100 and 200 ng/ml GH in the medium. The proportion of metaphase II oocytes was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in 200 ng/ml compared with 0 ng/ml GH in CR1aa medium (59 versus 85%, respectively), but this effect was not observed under CR2aa. Higher concentrations of GH yielded lower rates of unfertilized ova and thus superior cleavage rates (36.5 ± 0.2 and 63.5 ± 2.0% versus 17.5 ± 0.2 and 82.5 ± 1.5% or 40.4 ± 0.6 and 59.6 ± 1.4% versus 16.6 ± 1.2 and 83.4 ± 6.2% for 0 and 200 ng/ml GH in portable or ordinary incubator, respectively) in CR1aa. This dose‐dependent effect was also observed in the percentages of transferable embryos, although not statistically different (17.2 ± 1.7 versus 27.3 ± 1.8% and 16.6 ± 3.1 versus 26.0 ± 1.4%, for 0 versus 200 ng/ml GH in portable and ordinary incubator, respectively). In contrast to the CR1aa, different concentrations of GH in CR2aa medium did not increase either fertilization or cleavage rates. In fact, higher concentrations of GH in this medium negatively affected the rate of transferable embryos. Hence, percentages of transferable embryos obtained in the portable incubator under 0 or 50 ng/ml GH were higher (p < 0.05) compared with those obtained in 100 or 200 ng/ml GH (35.4 ± 5.7 or 40.5 ± 5.4% versus 22.4 ± 2.4 or 15.5 ± 2.1%, respectively). There was however, no significant difference in the rate of transferable embryos in an ordinary incubator employing CR2aa medium, but the trend was more or less similar to that observed in the portable incubator. Despite the fact that relatively fewer oocytes were employed for the culture in the ordinary incubator, overall results observed employing the simple portable CO₂ incubator were within the range of those obtained in an ordinary incubator; implying that the simple portable incubator can effectively be employed for the in vitro production of bovine embryos under field conditions.  相似文献   

OSTEOGENIC SARCOMA OF THE NASAL CAVITY IN A CAT: POSTOPERATIVE CONTROL WITH HIGH DOSE-PER-FRACTION RADIATION THERAPY AND METRONIDAZOLE     

Peter F.  Lord  BVSc  FRCVS  Daniel S.  Kapp  MD  PhD  Anthony  Schwartz  DVM  PhD David T.  Morrow  VMD  PhD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1982,23(1):23-26

An 11-year-old Siamese cat with an osteogenic sarcoma of the nasal cavity was treated by partial surgical excision followed by a course of high dose-per-fraction radiation therapy in conjuction with metronidazole, a hypoxic cell sensitizer. Four thousand two hundred rads were delivered to the tumor in 7 weekly fractions. Each treatment was preceded by 6 gm/m² oral metronidazole given 3 hours before irradiation. There were no untoward side effects and the cat was in remission 2 years after treatment.  相似文献   

Biomechanics of Cranial Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in the Dog I. In Vitro Laxity Testing     

DONALD A. HULSE DVM  DipACVS    DAVID L. BUTLER PhD    MATTHEW D. KAY  FRANK R. NOYES MD    PETER K. SHIRES DVM    ROBERT D'AMBROSIA MD  HIROMU SHOJI MD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1983,12(3):109-112

Following an "over-the-top" reconstruction of the cranial cruciate ligament using fascia lata and the lateral one-third of the patellar ligament, joint instability was measured using an in vitro laxity testing device. Cranlocaudal drawer increased between zero and four weeks, then returned to initial values at 26 weeks.  相似文献   

Seroprevalence to Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo in Merino stud rams in South Australia     

GR ELLIS  DL PARTINGTON†  M. HINDMARSH‡  MD BARTON 《Australian veterinary journal》1994,71(7):203-206

Summary A serological survey of 2160 Merino stud rams on 36 farms detected positive reactions greater than or equal to 1/100 in 42% of animals using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) to Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo. Twenty flocks had seroprevalence values greater than 30% with 15 flocks having values 60%. The enzymelinked immunosorbent assays showed that 47% and 3% of rams on the 36 farms were positive for IgG and IgM antibodies, respectively. Forty-five percent of hardjo reactions were in rams that had not been exposed to cattle. Significant correlations were found between IgM reactors and creek/dam water pumped into troughs, and between MAT/IgG reactors and total flock size. No statistical relationships were detected between positive reactors and two different annual average rainfall gradients, the time of the year in which samples were obtained, or agricultural regions of South Australia. Infections with an organism of the Sejroe serogroup is widespread in Merino stud rams.  相似文献   

Femoral Strain Distribution and Subsidence After Physiological Loading of a Cementless Canine Femoral Prosthesis: The Effects of Implant Orientation, Canal Fill, and Implant Fit     

ROBERT T. PERNELL DVM  MS    ROBERT S. GROSS PhD    JAMES L. MILTON DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVS    RONALD D. MONTGOMERY DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVS    JAMES G. W. WENZEL DVM  PhD  Diplomate ACT    CARL G. SAVORY MD  FACS  HAROLD M. ABERMAN DVM  MSE 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1994,23(6):503-518

Twelve normal greyhound femora were divided into three groups. In group one, femoral stems were placed in neutral position with maximal fill. Group two had undersized femoral stems placed in neutral position. Group three had undersized femoral stems placed in varus position. Intact and implanted femora were loaded from 10 newtons (N) to 300 N in axial compression at a rate of 25 N/s for 10 replications. A strain gauge analysis showed that the strain distribution of all implanted femora were substantially different from intact femora, but femora with large implants placed in neutral position had the least amount of deviation from normal. An undersized stem in neutral position had significantly less compressive longitudinal strains along the proximomedial and proximocranial cortices. An undersized stem in varus position improved implant fit along the proximomedial and distolateral cortices, which resulted in increased tensile hoop strains. There were multiple significant correlations between the strain data and implantation variables (implant alignment, canal fill, and implant fit). Subsidence was significantly greater for the undersized implant in neutral position. There was not a difference in subsidence between the large neutral and varus groups. The most important variable that decreased subsidence was increased lateral implant fit ( r = -0.86, P = .0003).  相似文献   

The Anatomic Basis for a Trapezius Muscle Flap in Dogs     

DENIS PHILIBERT DVM  MVetSc    J. DAVID FOWLER DVM  MVetSc  Dipiomate ACVS  J. BRIAN CLAPSON MD  FRCS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1992,21(6):429-434

The anatomy of the cervical part of the trapezius muscle and its dominant vascular supply, the prescapular branch of the superficial cervical artery, was studied by dissection and selective angiography of 16 canine cadavers. The prescapular branch of the superficial cervical artery supplies blood to the skin of the caudal half of the neck and the cervical part of the trapezius muscle and is a minor contributor to other muscles of the neck. In these dogs, the mean length of the vascular pedicles was 4.4 cm and the mean diameter was 1.0 mm. With this information, it is possible to design a broad musculocutaneous flap suitable for reconstructive microsurgery in dogs. The potential for successful incorporation of the scapular spine in such a flap remains uncertain.  相似文献   

The occurrence of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in South Australia     

MD COPLAND  MG O''CALLAGHAN  P. HAJDUK  PJ O''DONOGHUE 《Australian veterinary journal》1992,69(2):31-32

Heart, lung and samples of blood from 230 dogs were examined for infections of filarial parasites. Dirofilaria immitis worms and microfilariae were detected in one dog. Blood samples from a further 1428 dogs were examined for microfilariae and 22 were found to be infected. Eighteen dogs were infected with D immitis microfilariae and four with Dipetolonema reconditum microfilariae. The histories were available for 18 of the dogs infected with heartworm and only seven dogs had not travelled outside South Australia. It was concluded that heartworm infection was endemic in South Australia but the apparent prevalence was only about 1%.  相似文献   

Biomechanical Comparison Between Bicortical Pin and Monocortical Screw/Polymethylmethacrylate Constructs in the Cadaveric Canine Cervical Vertebral Column     

Bianca F. Hettlich Dr. med vet  Diplomate ACVS  Matthew J. Allen Vet MB  PhD  Daniel Pascetta BS  Geoffrey T. Fosgate DVM  PhD  Diplomate ACVPM  Alan S. Litsky MD  Sc.D. 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2013,42(6):693-700

  相似文献   

Effect of Embryonic and Maternal Genotype on Embryo and Foetal Survival in Rabbit     

JS Vicente  MD Llobat  E Jiménez‐Trigos  R Lavara  F Marco‐Jiménez 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2013,48(3):402-406

The aim of this work was to study the influence of embryonic and maternal genotype of two lines of rabbits selected by growth rate (line R) and litter size at weaning (line A) on prenatal survival. Embryos were recovered at 48 h of gestation from R and A donors (39 and 35 does, respectively) and reciprocally transferred to the oviducts of recipient does to the R (n = 15) and A (n = 14) lines. Each recipient doe received six embryos from line R into one oviduct and six embryos from line A into the other. Recipient does were examined by laparoscopy to determine implantation rate on day 14 and slaughtered on day 25 of gestation to determine the number of live foetuses and the weight of foetuses and placentas. No differences were found between lines in fertilization rate and stage of embryo development at 48 h post‐insemination. Implantation rate was affected by both the embryonic and maternal genotype. While embryos from donor line A had the highest implantation rate (0.78 ± 0.032 vs 0.65 ± 0.036 for line R), recipient line R had a better implantation rate (0.78 ± 0.033 vs 0.64 ± 0.036 for line A). Foetal survival was affected by the embryonic genotype. Embryos from donor line A had a higher foetal survival rate than embryos from donor line R (0.65 ± 0.036 vs 0.53 ± 0.038, respectively) but lower foetal and placenta weights. In conclusion, while embryonic genotype influenced both implantation and foetal survival rate, R embryos had the lowest rates, maternal genotype affected the implantation rate and R recipients may show a greater uterine receptivity during implantation period. Moreover, it must be observed that foetal and placenta weights were significantly affected by embryonic genotype and heavier for R line.  相似文献