Effect of endogenous progesterone and oestradiol-17β on the incidence of gastro-oesophageal reflux and on the barrier pressure during general anaesthesia in the female dog     

Tilemahos L Anagnostou DVM  PhD    Ioannis Savvas DVM  PhD    George M Kazakos DVM  PhD    Haralabos N Ververidis† DVM  PhD    Maria-Rea Haritopoulou‡ MD    Timoleon S Rallis§ DVM  PhD  & Dimitris Raptopoulos DVM  PhD  DVA  Diplomate ECVAA 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2009,36(4):308-318

Objective To investigate the potential effect of increased blood progesterone (P₄) and oestradiol‐17β (E₂) concentrations on the barrier pressure (BrP) and the incidence of gastro‐oesophageal reflux (GOR) in female dogs under general anaesthesia. Study design Prospective, blinded experimental trial. Animals Seven female, adult, healthy dogs weighing 14–21 kg and aged 1–7 years. Methods Each of the animals was studied under the influence of high blood E₂ and basal P₄ (study O), basal E₂ and high P₄ (study P) and basal E₂ and P₄ (study C) concentrations. Animals were premedicated with acepromazine and anaesthesia was induced with thiopental and maintained with halothane. Lower oesophageal pH was monitored continuously for 1 hour after induction. GOR was defined as oesophageal pH >7.5 or <4. Manometry of the posterior oesophageal sphincter (POS) was then performed using the slow pull‐through technique. Results Acid GOR was detected in only one animal of study O. The three studies did not differ significantly in GOR. Mean BrP was 11.2 (study O), 9.1 (study P) and 11.6 mmHg (study C). No significant differences were detected with respect to mean BrP, intra‐gastric pressure and POS pressure. Conclusions It is unlikely that the increased concentrations of E₂ or P₄ during the normal ovarian cycle influence the functional efficiency of the POS as a major barrier to GOR in healthy, female dogs under general anaesthesia. Clinical relevance The fact that female dogs undergoing obstetrical surgery represented a substantial sub‐group of the animals which developed postoperative benign oesophageal stricture, should probably not be attributed to the effects of increased concentrations of female sex steroid hormones.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the anaesthetic effects of medetomidine and ketamine in rats and their reversal with atipamezole     

Hwan S Jang DVM  PhD    Hyo S Choi MS    Sung Hee Lee† PhD    Kwang H Jang‡ DVM  PhD  & Maan-Gee Lee MD  PhD 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2009,36(4):319-327

ObjectivesTo compare the anaesthetic effects of varying doses of medetomidine (MED) combined with ketamine (KET) in rats, and to determine the efficacy of atipamezole (ATI) in the reversal of these effects using electroencephalogram (EEG) and assessment of clinical parameters.Study designProspective, randomized experimental trial.AnimalsTwenty-one male Sprague–Dawley rats weighing 300–398 g and aged 8–11 weeks old.MethodsThree groups received intraperitoneal injections of MED (0.2, 0.4 or 0.8 mg kg^?1) with KET (60 mg kg^?1) (MED-200, MED-400 and MED-800). Atipamezole, at doses five times higher than the previous dose of MED, was then administered intraperitoneally 70 minutes after MED-KET injection. The EEG band powers and spectral edge frequencies (SEFs), respiratory rates, reflex scores to toe-web clamping and behavioural changes were measured. Correlations between EEG parameters and reflex scores were also evaluated.ResultsThe duration of surgical anaesthesia was directly proportional to the dose of MED. Lower frequency bands (δ1 to α2) increased in all groups, and these changes were reversed by ATI. Minimal changes were observed in the higher frequency bands (β1 to γ), but their powers were increased by ATI. The SEFs were decreased in all groups, and they were reversed by ATI. While α1 band power and SEF95 showed strong correlations with the depth of anaesthesia, their changes appeared before the measured decreases in reflex score. Recovery from anaesthesia was extended by increasing the dose of MED.Conclusions and clinical relevanceSpectral EEG parameters may not accurately predict the depth of surgical anaesthesia because they had already changed during the induction of surgical anaesthesia. The ATI dose used in the present study may not be enough for complete reversal of anaesthesia induced by MED-KET.  相似文献   

Ultrastructural Characteristics of Non-matured and In Vitro Matured Oocytes Collected from Pre-pubertal and Adult Domestic Cat Ovaries     

LR Martins  CB Fernandes  BW Minto  FC Landim-Alvarenga  MD Lopes 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2009,44(S2):251-254

The present study describes the ultrastructural characteristics of cat oocytes before maturation and after 12- and 24-h in vitro maturation (IVM). Oocytes were recovered from pre-pubertal and adult queen ovaries after ovariohysterectomy and a proportion were stored in glutaraldehyde at 4°C until examination by transmission electronic microscopy (TEM). Those selected for maturation were cultured before TEM in DMEM for 12 and 24 h at 38°C in a humidified environment of 5% O₂, 5% CO₂ and 90% N₂. Specimens were divided into six groups: non-matured oocytes from pre-pubertal queens (PP0), non-matured oocytes from adult queens (A0), 12-h in vitro matured oocytes from pre-pubertal queens (PP12), 12-h in vitro matured oocytes from adult queens (A12), 24-h in vitro matured oocytes from pre-pubertal queens (PP24) and 24-h in vitro matured oocytes from adult queens (A24). Across the treatment groups, it was possible to observe differences in the thickness of the perivitelline space, the penetration of cumulus cell projections forming a junctional complex, distribution and density of small vesicles, lipid droplets, microvilli, mitochondria and cortical granules and variable degrees of development of Golgi complexes. These findings demonstrated that ultrastructural analysis of oocytes matured in vitro is a valuable tool to evaluate oocyte cytoplasmic maturation and that this IVM protocol was efficient in inducing gradual morphological changes necessary for cytoplasmic maturation of pre-pubertal and adult cat oocytes.  相似文献   

Surgical Treatment of a Canine Intranasal Meningoencephalocele     

VALENTINE A. MARTLÉ  DVM    JACQUES CAEMAERT  MD  PhD    MULENDA TSHAMALA  DVM  PhD    IRIS VAN SOENS  DVM    SOFIE F. M. BHATTI  DVM  PhD    INGRID GIELEN  DVM  PhD    KOEN PIRON  DVM    KOEN CHIERS  DVM  PhD  Diplomate ECVP  ECPHM    ILSE TIEMESSEN  DVM  Diplomate ECVDI    LUC M. VAN HAM  DVM  PhD  Diplomate ECVN 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2009,38(4):515-519

Objective— To report the clinical signs, diagnosis, and surgical treatment of an intranasal meningoencephalocele in a dog.
Study Design— Case report.
Animal— Female Border collie, 5 months old.
Methods— A right intranasal meningoencephalocele was identified by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.
Results— The lesion was approached by a modified transfrontal craniotomy. Surgical closure of the defect at the level of the cribriform plate and removal of extruded brain tissue resulted in regression of lacrimation and coincided with absence of seizuring. Treatment with phenobarbital was gradually reduced and stopped at 7 months after surgery. At 28 months the dog remained free of seizures.
Conclusion— Meningoencephalocele, although rare, can cause seizures in dogs and can be treated surgically.
Clinical Relevance— A transfrontal craniotomy with excision of the meningoencephalocele and closure of the defect can be an effective treatment for an intranasal meningoencephalocele in dogs.  相似文献   

Changes in tissue perfusion parameters in dogs with severe sepsis/septic shock in response to goal‐directed hemodynamic optimization at admission to ICU and the relation to outcome     

Andreza Conti‐Patara DVM  MSc  PhD  Juliana de Araújo Caldeira DVM  Ewaldo de Mattos‐Junior DVM  MS  Haley da Silva de Carvalho DVM  MSc  Adriane Reinoldes DVM  Bruno Gregnanin Pedron DVM  Marcelo Patara MD  Mariana Semião Francisco Talib DVM  Marcelo Faustino DVM  Clair Motos de Oliveira DVM  MSc  PhD  Silvia Renata Gaido Cortopassi DVM  MSc  PhD 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2012,22(4):409-418

  相似文献   

Occurrence of Trypanosoma evansi in Horses in the State of Minas Gerais,Brazil     

João Tomaz Schmitt Nunes  Aleksandro Schafer da Silva  MD  Fellipe de Souza DornelesLuiz Claudio Miletti  MD  Silvia Gonzalez Monteiro 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2012

Ttrypanosomosis caused by Trypanosoma evansi is a condition that causes significant losses to farmers in endemic areas. This study aimed to report one case of trypanosomiasis in the municipality of Itabira, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. In November 2010, on a farm with 16 horses, three horses had clinical signs of anemia, limb edema, weight loss, lameness, muscle atrophy, and incoordination of the hind limbs. Trypanosomosis was suspected, and the animals with clinical signs were treated with two doses of diminazene aceturate (7 mg/kg, intramuscular) every 7 days; the treated animals recovered from the clinical symptoms. Blood samples were collected from six horses on the farm, including the three treated animals, to perform polymerase chain reaction specific for T evansi. Four samples were polymerase chain reaction negative, including those collected from three treated horses. However, two other asymptomatic horses were positive for the parasite based on the molecular testing. Based on the results, we concluded that the initial clinical suspect of trypanosomosis was correct, and the treatment used was effective. Probably the disease was introduced to Minas Gerais State through a stallion, which acquired the infection in an endemic area in southern Brazil.  相似文献   

Prophylactic treatment with flumethrin,a pyrethroid (Bayticol?, Bayer), against Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in lambs     

Snorre Stuen  J?rg MD Enemark  Karin Artursson  Bent Nielsen 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2012,54(1):31

Backgroud

Anaplasma phagocytophilum (formerly Ehrlichia phagocytophila) causes the disease tick-borne fever (TBF) in domestic ruminants and has for decades been one of the main scourges for the sheep industry in the coastal areas of Norway. Current control strategies are based on reduction of tick infestation by chemical acaricides.

Methods

In the present study, we investigated if frequent pour-on applications of pyrethroids would reduce tick infestion rate and seroprevalence of A. phagocytophilum infection in sheep. Forty lambs, one month old, of the Norwegian White Sheep breed were used. The lambs belonged to the experimental sheep flock at the Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences. None of the lambs had been on I. ricinus infested pasture before turnout (day 0). All lambs were twins and twenty lambs were treated with a pour-on pyrethroid (Bayticol®, Bayer A/S, DK-2300) with a dose of 5 ml on days 0, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, 84, 98, 112 and 128. Twenty lambs were untreated controls. The lambs were collected every fourteen days on pasture for treatment. In addition, the lambs were examined for ticks, blood sampled, weighed, and rectal temperature was recorded.

Results and conclusion

A significant reduction in tick infestion rate was detected on treated lambs. However, the present results indicate that frequent acaricide treatment does not reduce the seroprevalence to A. phagocytophilum on tick-infested pasture.  相似文献   

Evaluation of Fertilizing Potential of Frozen-thawed dog Spermatozoa Diluted in ACP-106^® using an In Vitro Sperm–Oocyte Interaction Assay     

RCS Cardoso  AR Silva  LDM Silva  VH Chirinéa  FF Souza  MD Lopes 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2007,42(1):11-16

The aim of present study was to evaluate frozen canine semen with ACP-106 (Powder Coconut Water) using an in vitro sperm--oocyte interaction assay (SOIA). Ten ejaculates from five stud dogs were diluted in ACP-106 containing 20% egg yolk, submitted to cooling in a thermal box for 40 min and in a refrigerator for 30 min. After this period, a second dilution was performed using ACP-106 containing 20% egg yolk and 12% glycerol. Samples were thawed at 38 degrees C for 1 min. Post-thaw motility was evaluated by light microscopy and by using a computer aided semen analysis (CASA). Plasma membrane integrity and sperm morphology/acrosomal status were evaluated by fluorescent probes (C-FDA/PI) and Bengal Rose respectively. Moreover, frozen-thawed semen was analysed by a SOIA. Subjective post-thaw motility was 52.0 +/- 14.8% and it was significant higher than the total motility estimated by CASA (23.0 +/- 14.8%) because this system considered the egg yolk debris as immotile spermatozoa. Although normal sperm rate and acrosomal integrity evaluated by Bengal Rose stain was 89.6 +/- 3.1% and 94.3 +/- 3.1%, respectively, post-thaw percentage of intact plasma membrane was only 35.1 +/- 14.3%. Regarding SOIA, the percentage of interacted oocytes (bound, penetrated and bound and/or penetrated) was 75.3%. Using regression analysis, it was found significant relations between some CASA patterns and data for SOIA. In conclusion, the freezing-thawing procedure using ACP-106 was efficient for maintain the in vitro fertility potential of dog spermatozoa.  相似文献   

The High-producing Dairy Cow and its Reproductive Performance   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

H Dobson  RF Smith  MD Royal  CH Knight  IM Sheldon 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2007,42(S2):17-23

  相似文献   

Basic reproduction number for equine-2 influenza virus a (H3N8) epidemic in racehorse facilities in Japan, 1971   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kunio Satou DVM  Hiroshi Nishiura MD  PhD  DTM&#x;H 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2006,26(7):310-316

Characterizing the epidemiologic determinants of equine influenza to facilitate effective control measures, including determining the critical proportion of the population that must be immunized to achieve containment, is critical. Through the use of counting process and martingale method, the basic reproduction number (R₀; a measure of transmission potential) of equine-2 influenza A virus (H3N8) infection was estimated based on outbreak data recorded in 1971. The final attack rate ranged from 81.9% to 99.4%. Our estimate of R₀ was in the order of 2 to 5, which was smaller than the previously suggested estimate. Numerical analysis supported airborne spread as the major mode of transmission. Given that simple threshold vaccination coverage might not be realistic within racing stables, the combination of movement restrictions, isolation, and other countermeasures alongside vaccination is recommended to contain outbreaks of equine influenza.  相似文献