The dual crop coefficient approach using a density factor to simulate the evapotranspiration of a peach orchard: SIMDualKc model versus eddy covariance measurements   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

T. A. Pa?o  M. I. Ferreira  R. D. Rosa  P. Paredes  G. C. Rodrigues  N. Concei??o  C. A. Pacheco  L. S. Pereira 《Irrigation Science》2012,30(2):115-126

The dual crop coefficient approach accounts separately for plant transpiration and soil evaporation by using the basal crop coefficient and the evaporation coefficient, respectively. The SIMDualKc model, which performs the soil water balance simulation with estimation of the actual crop evapotranspiration (ET) with the dual crop coefficient approach, was applied to a drip-irrigated peach orchard under Mediterranean conditions. Orchard ET was obtained with the eddy covariance technique, which was subsequently correlated with tree transpiration estimated from sap flow measurements and soil evaporation determined with microlysimeters, thus providing ET for the whole irrigation season. Two years of field observations were used for model calibration and validation using those ET measurements and taking into account the fraction of ground covered by trees through a density factor which adjusts the basal crop coefficient. Model fitting relative to ET observations during calibration and validation provided indices of agreement averaging 0.90, coefficients of regression close to 1.0, root mean square errors around 0.41 mm and average absolute errors of 0.32 mm. Model fitting relative to transpiration and to soil evaporation produced similar results, so showing the adequateness of modelling.  相似文献   

Distribution and characterization of Dothistroma needle blight pathogens on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus mugo</Emphasis> in Slovakia     

E. Ondrušková  Z. Hečková  M. Kádasi Horáková  A. Koltay  R. Ostrovský  J. Pažitný  K. Adamčíková 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2017,148(2):283-294

The occurrence and distribution of Dothistroma needle blight (DNB) on Pinus mugo was studied in 2014–2015 around the Slovakia. In total, 42 localities were investigated both native and planted ones. Symptoms of DNB were observed on 35 localities only on planted shrubs. All these 35 localities are new P. mugo DNB stands. No DNB symptoms were observed in natural and naturally regenerated plantations. DNA was extracted from a total of 236 isolates and eight needle samples. Based on the ITS-rDNA comparisons and using species specific primers, both pathogenic Dothistroma species were detected: D. septosporum and D. pini. Isolates of D. septosporum had ITS sequences identical to D. septosporum from Europe and both mating types were identified with slight predominance of MAT2. The ratio of D. septosporum mating types varies significantly between sites, ranging from an equal proportion of each mating type to single mating type populations. D. pini ITS sequence grouped with D. pini from Ukraine, Russia and Switzerland and only MAT2 was found.  相似文献   

Effects of water saving irrigation and rice variety on greenhouse gas emissions and water use efficiency in a paddy field fertilized with anaerobically digested pig slurry     

Khin Thawda Win  Ryoko Nonaka  Aye Thida Win  Yu Sasada  Koki Toyota  Takashi Motobayashi 《Paddy and Water Environment》2015,13(1):51-60

  相似文献   

A fresh weight-based method for evaluating soybean resistance to red crown rot     

Khin Thuzar Win  Chang-Jie Jiang 《Breeding Science》2021,71(3):384

Soybean red crown rot (RCR) caused by Calonectria ilicicola is a serious soil-borne disease affecting soybean production and quality. The current visual necrosis-based method for the measurement of RCR severity is prone to subjectivity as well as time consuming and laborious as it requires digging out and washing the roots to remove adhering soil prior to the visual scoring. Using cultivar Enrei, we show that, upon C. ilicicola infection, relative fresh weights (RFW; fresh weights relative to non-inoculated control plants) showed a significant negative correlation with visual RCR severity in apical shoot (trifoliate and above, R² = 0.96), shoot (unifoliate and above, R² = 0.82) and roots (R² = 0.89). Furthermore, apical shoot RFW efficiently correlated with varying levels of C. ilicicola resistance in two test sets containing 37 soybean cultivars and three wild soybean accessions, exhibiting a significant correlation with visual severity (R² = 0.72 and 0.79, p < 0.01). Taken together, our results suggest that RFW can serve as an index of soybean RCR severity, providing a simple, rapid, consistent, and cost-effective method for evaluating C. ilicicola resistance in soybeans.  相似文献   

Concentrations of strontium,barium, cadmium,copper, zinc,manganese, chromium,antimony, selenium,and lead in the liver and kidneys of dogs according to age,gender, and the occurrence of chronic kidney disease     

Nadine Pa?lack  Barbara Mainzer  Monika Lahrssen-Wiederholt  Helmut Schafft  Richard Palavinskas  Angele Breithaupt  Jürgen Zentek 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2015,16(1):57-66

This study was conducted to measure the concentrations of strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), antimony (Sb), selenium (Se), and lead (Pb) in canine liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla, and the association of these concentrations with age, gender, and occurrence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Tissues from 50 dogs were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cu, Zn, and Mn levels were highest in the liver followed by the renal cortex and renal medulla. The highest Sr, Cd, and Se concentrations were measured in the renal cortex while lower levels were found in the renal medulla and liver. Female dogs had higher tissue concentrations of Sr (liver and renal medulla), Cd (liver), Zn (liver and renal cortex), Cr (liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla), and Pb (liver) than male animals. Except for Mn and Sb, age-dependent variations were observed for all element concentrations in the canine tissues. Hepatic Cd and Cr concentrations were higher in dogs with CKD. In conclusion, the present results provide new knowledge about the storage of specific elements in canine liver and kidneys, and can be considered important reference data for diagnostic methods and further investigations.  相似文献   

A Qualitative Multi-Attribute Model for The Multifunctional Assessment of ��Streuobst Stands�� in NE Slovenia     

Stanislav Tojnko  ?rtomir Rozman  Tatjana Unuk  Karmen Pa?ek  Sa?o Pami? 《Erwerbs-Obstbau》2011,53(4):157-166

Streuobst stands, i.e., tall fruit trees on vigorous rootstock on traditional grassland, represent an important source of raw material for the processing industry and for traditional fruit processing on family-run farms. Apart from production aspects, the high-stem orchards also play a role in the conservation of the traditional landscape, and indirectly in maintenance of the viability of rural areas. In this paper, a qualitative multi-attribute model for the assessment of Streuobst stands with respect to their multifunctional characteristics is presented. The assessment is based on four groups of attributes: (1) production criteria (percentage of missing trees), (2) biodiversity (fruit species and varieties, artificial human intervention), (3) landscape diversity (visual appearance, eco-diversity and erosion protection), and (4) function of the stand (row or individual trees, countryside appearance). The assessment is based on the aggregation of input attribute values to an overall assessment through user-defined decision rules. The model was applied to 85 sample stands in NE Slovenia. The assessment shows that most of the stands (48) were rated as ??very poor?? or ??poor??, mainly as a result of poor cultivation and lack of maintenance.  相似文献   

缅甸竹业及中缅合作展望     

周妍  Hla Htay Win  吴志庄 《世界林业研究》2021,34(2):106-111

缅甸是东南亚林业大国,尽管近年来森林资源总量下降,但竹资源丰富,发展空间十分巨大,竹产业被列为该国政府发展农村经济的重要方向。但是缅甸竹产业整体开发水平落后,且面临竹材综合利用率不高、产品附加值低及资源浪费严重等问题,亟待以科技为主的全方位提升。中国在竹林经营和产业开发方面经验丰富,但也存在资源短缺、与周边国家交流不足等问题。因此,推动和深化两国竹业合作既有助于提升缅甸竹产业综合实力,也有利于解决我国竹产业纵深发展的某些瓶颈问题。文中通过对缅甸竹子资源和产业的梳理,包括竹子资源与竹林经营、竹子利用与产业发展状况、竹产品国际贸易,提出了中缅竹业合作的初步设想,以期为深化两国林业合作提供借鉴。  相似文献   

Multi-residue analysis of PAH, PCB, and OCP optimized for organic matter of forest soil     

Petra Lehnik-Habrink  Sebastian Hein  Tin Win  Wolfram Bremser  Irene Nehls 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2010,10(8):1487-1498

Purpose

Analyzing organic pollutants in forest soil is challenging because they are strongly physical and chemical bound to soil organic matter (SOM). Within the framework of a forest soil inventory, an analytical protocol for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), and organochlorine pesticides (OCP) should be established and validated using one and the same extraction and cleanup procedure. The protocol should be applicable for reliable analysis of a high number of samples in a short timeframe.

Materials and methods

Two different soil samples representative for the humic layer from a typical mixed and coniferous forest soil had been used for the analysis. Three solvents of different polarity, namely cyclohexane (CH), ethylacetate (EA)/CH (1/1, v/v), and acetone (AC)/CH (2/1, v/v), and the six standard extraction techniques (pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), soxhlet extraction, fluidized bed extraction, sonication, shaking, and one-step extraction recommended for analyzing agricultural soil in Germany (VDLUFA 2008)) were compared concerning their extraction efficiency. For additional matrix separation, two different cleanup procedures (gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and solid-phase extraction (SPE) with different sorbents) were tested. Quantification was carried out using gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and two different injection systems (split/splitless injection and programmable temperature vaporizer (PTV) injection). Labeled internal standards, added prior to extraction, were used for method evaluation.

Results and discussion

For the simultaneous extraction of PAH, PCB, and OCP from organic forest soil PLE with acetone/cyclohexane (2/1, v/v) provided the highest extraction efficiency. A two-step cleanup procedure consisting of GPC followed by SPE with silica gel was entirely sufficient for the separation of humic substances without discrimination of analytes. Recovery rates for the different extraction and cleanup steps ranged between 89% and 106%. For quantification, a GC–MS method was developed using two different injection systems and two capillary columns of different selectivity.

Conclusions

By comparing six standard extraction techniques for PAH, PCB, and OCP from forest soil, we obtained the highest extraction efficiency when using PLE with AC/CH (2/1). For sample injection, we achieved best results using an optimized PTV injection system as it highly reduced the breakdown of thermolabile pesticides. Using this combination of technical equipment, it is possible to determine a concentration of the analytes in the trace level range of 1–2 μg kg^?1 in humic soil.  相似文献   

Biochemical and physiological changes during chlorophyll degradation in lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle cv. ‘Paan’)     

Tin Ohnmar Win  Khin Lay Kyu  Kanokwan Poomputsa  Sirichai Kanlayanarat 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(3):471-477

Summary

Lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle cv. ‘Paan’) native to South East Asia, has a distinct flavour and quality characteristics. Maintenance of the green colour in the peel of lime is a desirable quality attribute during storage. Post-harvest chlorophyll degradation in lime was studied in fruit stored at room temperature (30°C) at a relative humidity (RH) of 70 – 85%. Within 7 d of storage, the total chlorophyll content decreased to 53.9% of its initial level. The highest chlorophyllase activity (1.68 units mg^–1 protein) was observed after 4 d of storage and declined thereafter. Peroxidase activity differed from chlorophyllase activity and increased significantly to 6.25 units mg^–1 protein after 9 d of storage, (i.e., at the late maturity stage). Respiration rate and 1-aminocyclopropene-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) oxidase activity did not significantly affect the chlorophyll degradation process in lime.The total nitrogen content of lime peel was inversely correlated with its chlorophyll content. A higher soluble protein content was observed in yellow peel than in mature green peel. A colour index chart was developed for maturity stages 1–4 in lime based on peel colour changes from mature green to full-yellow, and its correlation with chlorophyll content and fruit quality attributes.  相似文献   

Molecular analysis of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia’ associated with phytoplasma diseases in Myanmar     

Nang Kyu Kyu Win  Hee-Young Jung 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2012,78(4):260-263

During 2010 and 2011, typical phytoplasma disease symptoms such as little leaves, phyllody and witches’ brooms were observed on black gram, green gram, long bean, shaggy button weed and sesame plants from different regions of Myanmar. The symptomatic samples were analyzed by PCR using universal phytoplasma primers and characterized by sequencing 16S rRNA, ribosomal protein and translocase protein genes. Based on sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the three genes, the phytoplasmas associated with those plants belonged to members of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia’. To our knowledge, black gram and shaggy button are new hosts for ‘Ca. P. aurantifolia’.  相似文献