Pine sawdust as stimulator of the microbial community in post-arable afforested soil     

Katarzyna Kubiak  Miłosz Tkaczyk  Monika Małecka  Zbigniew Sierota 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2017,63(3):427-441

Sawdust and wood residues are considered to be stimulators of microbiological change in soil and could be used in post-arable sites designed for afforestation. In this study, we discuss changes in bacteria numbers within selected groups in relation to soil type (arable and forest) and method of sawdust application. Sawdust was spread along planting rows and mixed with the soil or put directly under roots of planted seedlings. Applying sawdust under the roots increased the number of cellulolytic bacteria in all experimental treatments. On post-arable soil, adding sawdust in rows increased the number of copiotrophic bacteria and reduced the number of fluorescent bacteria and actinomycetes (ACT). In control forest soils, the number of copiotrophic, oligotrophic and spore-forming bacteria decreased simultaneously with increased ACT in all treatments. The number of fluorescent bacteria increased when sawdust was applied on forest sites under planted trees and decreased when sawdust was spread in planting rows. Oligotrophic bacteria also decreased in the latter case. We present a list of bacteria identified by DNA – 16S rRNA gene sequences. Adding sawdust to arable soils significantly changed the quantitative and qualitative composition of microbial communities.  相似文献   

Mycorrhizal community structure,microbial biomass P and phosphatase activities under Salix polaris as influenced by nutrient availability     

Katarzyna Hrynkiewicz  Christel Baum  Peter Leinweber 《European Journal of Soil Biology》2009,45(2):168-175

Low supply of the nutrients nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) limit plant growth and spreading, and increase the plant-microbial nutrient competition in subarctic and arctic regions. We investigated the mycorrhizal community structure of a polar shrub willow (Salix polaris) and the microbial turnover in its rhizosphere to explore the adaptation of a mycorrhizal plant in the subarctic tundra. The ectomycorrhizal colonisation ranged from 35 to 64% of the fine root tips and decreased with an increasing soil C/N ratio. In total, 16 ectomycorrhizal morphotypes were found under S. polaris (eight to 13 morphotypes per site, five morphotypes at all four sites). Cenococcum sp. was the most common EM fungus (32% of the ectomycorrhizal fine roots). The abundance of Cenococcum sp. increased with an increasing organic matter content and N/P ratio in the soil. Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonisation of S. polaris was absent or less than 1% of the fine root length. Microbial biomass P accounted for 21–75% of the organic soil P and 6–49% of the total soil P. Microbial biomass P, alkaline and acid phosphatase activities in the rhizosphere increased with increasing soil N concentration. We conclude that a higher N supply decreases the diversity in the mycorrhizal community on polar willows and increases the role of P turnover from the soil microbial biomass for the nutrient supply.  相似文献   

Plantations of Convallaria majalis L. as a threat to the natural stands of the species: Genetic variability of the cultivated plants and natural populations     

Katarzyna J. Chwedorzewska  Halina Galera 《Biological conservation》2008,141(10):2619-2624

The level of polymorphism, genetic variability and relatedness of Convallaria majalis-populations (species native in Poland, under partial legal protection) obtained from three Polish regions and from commercial producers (Polish and Dutch) were studied. In addition the differences between the cultivated plants and those occurring in natural stands were analyzed. Each region was represented by at least 20 populations among which half were collected in natural stands and half from cultivation sites (botanical gardens, private gardens and cemeteries), and compared with samples obtained directly from commercial producers. Seven primer pairs used for AFLP profiling amplified 466 scoreable DNA fragments that were used for multidimensional scaling and clustering. The above analyses make it possible to clearly distinguish among individuals and revealed groups of populations according to their geographic origin. Samples from populations collected in natural stands and cultivated in the same region did not differ from each other significantly.These results suggested that cultivated plants were probably obtained directly from the natural stand and the influence of plant cultures on natural populations was rather small.  相似文献   

Domestication affects spawning of the ide (Leuciscus idus)—preliminary study     

S&#x;awomir Krejszeff  Katarzyna Targo&#x;ska  Daniel arski  Dariusz Kucharczyk 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2009,295(1-2):145-147

Ide, Leuciscus idus, breeders in Polish fish farm are cultured or are collected from the wild. The data about differences in reproduction of different ide forms in captivity are limited. In the present paper domesticated and wild stock are reproduced artificially. Cultured fish do not require application of spawning agents. For obtaining good-quality oocytes only stimulation with temperature and photoperiod is necessary.  相似文献   

Influence of stocking density and type of feed on the rearing of crucian carp, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Carassius carassius</Emphasis> (L.), larvae under controlled conditions     

Daniel Żarski  Katarzyna Targońska  Sławomir Krejszeff  Maciej Kwiatkowski  Krzysztof Kupren  Dariusz Kucharczyk 《Aquaculture International》2011,19(6):1105-1117

Two experiments were conducted into the rearing of crucian carp larvae under controlled conditions in an experimental closed water system. In both cases, the rearing lasted 21 days. The first experiment concerned the initial stocking density (from 50 to 600 individuals per l), whilst the second one studied the first food offered (two types of Artemia nauplii, decapsulated Artemia cysts and three types of commercial feeds) which were applied at the moment of exogenous feeding commencement. The best results were obtained using 50 larvae per l, whilst there were no significant differences within the range 200–600 larvae per l. The application of dry feed had a negative influence on the survival and other parameters. The highest survival rate was found in the groups fed with freshly hatched Artemia naupli. The results obtained indicate that the rearing of crucian carp larvae may be successfully conducted in very high stocking densities. However, the very high sensitivity of crucian carp larvae to the type of food offered during the initial days of life should be taken into account. The data presented in this article could be very useful in crucian carp larviculture.  相似文献   

Quantitative trait loci affecting intensity of violet flower colour in potato     

Jadwiga Śliwka  Marta Brylińska  Emil Stefańczyk  Henryka Jakuczun  Iwona Wasilewicz-Flis  Dorota Sołtys-Kalina  Danuta Strzelczyk-Żyta  Katarzyna Szajko  Waldemar Marczewski 《Euphytica》2017,213(11):254

Anthocyanins occur in potato tuber skin and flesh, sprouts, leaves, stems and flowers. The goal of this study was to identify genomic regions and candidate gene alleles key for accumulation of anthocyanins in potato corolla in various quantities. QTL analyses were performed in two mapping populations segregating for flower colour intensity and candidate genes were identified on the basis of function and location (chalcone isomerase, chi; chalcone synthase, chs) or location (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 1, RDR1). We detected three and four QTL affecting the violet flower colour intensity using the two mapping populations, respectively. In both populations a locus F, necessary for violet flower colour, segregated and we used different approaches to differentiate the qualitative effect of this locus and to detect the genetic factors affecting the quantitative flower colour intensity. The strongest QTL and the only one common for the two mapping populations was located on chromosome V. The role of all three candidate genes, chi, chs and RDR1, in control of flower colour intensity is supported to different extents by the performed genetic analyses. The most important QTL on chromosome V is most likely in the same position as the QTL for anthocyanin tuber flesh coloration described previously, which indicates that the natural variation in some biosynthetic and/or regulatory genes may influence anthocyanin levels in multiple tissues.  相似文献   

当前水禽研究亮点   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Stanislaw Wezyk  吴宗权  耿拓宇 《中国家禽》2002,24(13):28-29,33

由哈雷--维滕贝格大学和WPSA(世界家禽科学协会)水禽工作组赞助的国际鸭鹅研讨会于2001年11月13～15日在靠近德国哈雷市的Wermsdorf举行.来自埃及、法国、德国、波兰、匈牙利、意大利、乌克兰的研究者及许多德国水禽饲养者和育种人员出席了会议.  相似文献   

Influence of plate type and placement on the immobilization of bilateral equine mandibular osteotomies: Ex vivo study     

Elyse Durket  Kevin Kersh  Katarzyna Dembek  Elizabeth Riedesel  Auri Silverstone  Karl H. Kraus 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2019,48(8):1450-1455

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Biofortification of hens’ eggs with microelements by innovative bio‐based dietary supplement     

Zuzanna Witkowska  Marita winiarska  Mariusz Korczy&#x;ski  Sebastian Opali&#x;ski  Damian Konkol  Izabela Michalak  Agnieszka Saeid  Ma&#x;gorzata Mironiuk  Katarzyna Chojnacka 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2019,103(2):485-492

New bio‐based dietary supplement with micronutrients for livestock was elaborated. The new preparation was tested on laying hens to determine the influence of new biological feed additives on the level of trace elements in egg content. The diet of laying hens (Hy‐Line Brown, 30 weeks of age) was supplemented with soya bean meal enriched with Cu(II), Zn(II), Fe(II) and Cr(III) by biosorption. A total of 150 laying hens were divided into five groups: one control and four experimental. In the control group, microelements were supplemented in the inorganic form, whereas in experimental groups, Cu, Zn, Fe and Cr were replaced with soya bean meal enriched with a given microelement ion. The feeding experiment was conducted for 12 weeks and was divided into three series. The results showed that adding the new feed additives to the diet of laying hens had an impact on microelement transfer to eggs, in particular with increased dosing. Eggs were biofortified with iron, zinc and copper and to a lesser extent with chromium. The microelements were accumulated primarily in the albumen because soy protein was the carrier of micronutrient ions in hens’ diet. Transfer of trace elements to eggs was not linearly dependent on the dosage of biologically bound microelements in the diet.  相似文献   

Stimulation and analysis of the immune response in calves from vaccinated pregnant cows     

Katarzyna Dudek  Dariusz Bednarek  Roger D. Ayling  Ewelina Szacawa 《Research in veterinary science》2014

The effect of vaccinating pregnant cows with an inactivated vaccine against Mannheimia haemolytica, BRSV and PI3V infections on selected immune responses in their offspring was examined. Blood samples were collected weekly for 12 weeks from six newborn calves from each of vaccinated (experimental) and unvaccinated (control) dams. Specific antibodies to M. haemolytica, BRSV and PI3V and mean values of IgA, IgG concentrations were significantly higher in the experimental calves compared with the controls. However, specific antibody titres to adenovirus type 3, BHV1 and BVDV in the experimental calves had constant levels while the control group levels changed. The IgM, Hp and SAA concentrations generally increased until week 8 in the experimental group, but the control group titres became higher after week 9. This study demonstrates that specific immunisation of cows pre-partum significantly stimulated parameters associated with immunity and it also controlled the acute phase response intensity in their offspring. Therefore the vaccination of dams may provide additional antibody protection against infection to their offspring.  相似文献