Occurrence of reproductive disorders in pig herds with and without Chlamydia suis infection – statistical analysis of breeding parameters          下载免费PDF全文

Krzysztof Rypuła  Aleksandra Kumala  Katarzyna Płoneczka‐Janeczko  Paweł Lis  Ewa Karuga‐Kuźniewska  Krzysztof Dudek  Ireneusz Całkosiński  Patrycja Kuźnik  Paweł Chorbiński 《Animal Science Journal》2018,89(5):817-824

Chlamydiae are frequently encountered Gram‐negative intracellular eubacteria that can cause clear manifestations or clinically asymptomatic disorders. C. suis and other chlamydia are primarily isolated in cases of reproductive disorders. This study was performed to estimate the impact of Chlamydia suis infection on reproduction in sows by analyzing reproduction rates and breeding parameters. The test was conducted on first generation (F1) pigs from Polish Landrace (PL) × Polish Large White (PLW). Sixty‐four herds were investigated and 500 vaginal swabs were collected. Isolation of DNA was carried out directly from the swabs. All samples were analyzed for Chlamydia suis by real‐time PCR with a locked nucleic acid (LNA)‐containing probe. To analyze the impact of chlamydia infection on reproductive parameters, evaluation questionnaires were used. Reproductive problems were found in 77.3% of the farms tested. The receiver operating characteristic curve indicated that in the farms with 10 up to 120 sows, there were higher reproductive problems with chlamydia infection than in smaller and bigger pig farms. The most common problems were estrus repetition, which was reported by 57.81% of the surveyed farms, and the birth of dead piglets, which was reported by 31.25% of the investigated pig farms. Abortions, which were reported by 28.12% of the surveyed farms, were the least common reproductive disorders.  相似文献   

Glochidial infestation of fish by the endangered thick‐shelled river mussel Unio crassus          下载免费PDF全文

Adam M. Ćmiel  Katarzyna Zając  Anna M. Lipińska  Tadeusz Zając 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2018,28(3):535-544

Transformation of beech forest litter as a factor that triggers arsenic solubility in soils developed on historical mine dumps     

Anna Karczewska  Karolina Lewińska  Marcin Siepak  Bernard Gałka  Agnieszka Dradrach  Katarzyna Szopka 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2018,18(8):2749-2758

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The effects of Roundup on gametes and early development of common carp (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cyprinus carpio</Emphasis> L)     

Katarzyna Lugowska 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2018,44(4):1109-1117

To determine the effects of Roundup, a commercial formulation of glyphosate, gametes, and embryos of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L) was exposed to wide range of herbicide concentrations (0.0, 0.1, 0.5, 2.0, 5.0, 10.0, 20.0, and 50.0 mg/l). The obtained results showed different effects of Roundup on common carp gametes. Herbicide reduced swelling of eggs (but the effect was not concentration-related), while sperm showed low sensitivity to Roundup (time of spermatozoa motility was reduced in a significant way only at 20 mg/l, and at remaining concentrations, only a slight tendency was observed). During the embryonic development, Roundup caused a decrease of common carp embryonic survival (and the effect was concentration-related); however, it had no effect on development rate. During the embryogenesis, three types of embryo body malformation were observed: yolk sac edema, spine curvature, and shortening of body, but their frequencies were not associated with the presence or concentration of herbicide. However, Roundup affected quality of newly hatched larvae of common carp by increasing their mortality. No effect of herbicide on percentage of deformed larvae was observed but larvae hatched in water with Roundup tended to show more complex anomalies compared to those from the control. Obtained data showed that even low concentrations of this herbicide in waters can significantly reduce egg swelling, survival of embryos, and quality of fish larvae.  相似文献   

Induction of defense mechanisms in seedlings of oilseed winter rape inoculated with Phoma lingam (Leptosphaeria maculans)     

Katarzyna Hura  Tomasz Hura  Renata Bączek-Kwinta  Maciej Grzesiak  Agnieszka Płażek 《Phytoparasitica》2014,42(2):145-154

The aim of this study was to find the biochemical markers of blackleg, evoked by the fungus Leptosphaeria maculans in seedlings of oilseed winter rape. Analyses of antioxidant enzymes activity and reactive oxygen species detection were performed 24, 48 and 72 h after inoculation. Moreover, measurements of the total pool of phenolic compounds, trans-cinnamic acid and ferulic acid were carried out. The results proved the virulence of Ph L5 isolate towards the rape seedlings. An increase in total phenolic content, including trans-cinnamic acid, was observed 24 h after inoculation. High activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase is probably another symptom of the defense mechanisms, despite the fact that it was not accompanied by elevated phenolics level, which were probably rapidly exhausted during Phoma lingam inoculation. A drop in phenolics content was balanced by higher activity of SOD, CAT and non-specific peroxidases. Enhanced activity of these enzymes was a response to the reactive oxygen species overproduction. ROS accumulation in indirectly inoculated first true leaves after inoculation may suggest a systemic defense response.  相似文献   

Evaluation of variability of morphological traits of selected caraway (Carum carvi L.) genotypes     

Katarzyna Seidler-?o?ykowskaJan Bocianowski 《Industrial Crops and Products》2012,35(1):140-145

In the experiments done in 2008 and 2009, 23 selected caraway genotypes originating from European botanical gardens (18), cv. “Kończewicki” and our own breeding strains were tested. The obtained results showed that objects of the caraway collection varied in terms of all the tested morphological traits. The plant height ranged from 71.5 cm (Reykjawik) to 107.8 cm (cv. “Kończewicki”). The number of branches on the main stem was from 5.3 (Reykjawik) to 10.0 (Jena). The number of lateral shoots ranged from 9.8 (Reykjawik) to 21.5 (strain 9/10). The leaf length was from 11.9 cm (Lousanne) to 29.1 cm (cv. “Kończewicki”). The number of umbels per plant varied from 91.4 (Reykjawik) to 251.9 (strain 9/10). The fruit yield ranged from 14.2 g (Reykjawik) to 48.5 g (cv. “Kończewicki”). The weight of 1000 seeds was from 1.81 g (Salzburg) to 3.31 g (strain 9/1). The following morphological traits such as the number of umbels per plant, the number of lateral shoots per plant and weight of a thousand seeds had positive effect on fruit yield. The multidimensional analysis of the tested traits compared caraway objects in respect of eight morphological traits and yield simultaneously. These valuation of caraway genotypes will make it possible to choose the appropriate genotypes for further breeding program.  相似文献   

Evaluation of cucumber (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cucumis sativus</Emphasis>) cultivars grown in Eastern Europe and progress in breeding for resistance to angular leaf spot (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pseudomonas syringae</Emphasis> pv. <Emphasis Type="Italic">lachrymans</Emphasis>)     

Helena Olczak-Woltman  Małgorzata Schollenberger  Wiesław Mądry  Katarzyna Niemirowicz-Szczytt 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2008,122(3):385-393

Increased occurrence of cucumber angular leaf spot, Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans, has caused significant losses in cucumber, Cucumis sativus, yield in Poland in recent years. These losses necessitated evaluation of the level of resistance in cucumber cultivars of mainly Polish breeding, cultivated in Eastern Europe, and initiation of a breeding programme for resistance to this disease. Screening for resistance was performed on 84 cucumber accessions under growth chamber conditions using a highly aggressive strain of P. syringae pv. lachrymans. Most of the screened accessions were either susceptible or displayed intermediate resistance. The screening resulted in the identification of five F₁ hybrid cultivars moderately resistant to angular leaf spot. The identified F₁ hybrids were self-pollinated up to the F₄ generation. Individuals resistant to angular leaf spot were identified. These individuals can be used as a source of resistance to angular leaf spot in future breeding efforts.  相似文献   

Effect of sowing date and rate on the yield and flavonolignan content of the fruits of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L. Gaertn.) grown on light soil in a moderate climate     

Jadwiga Andrzejewska  Katarzyna SadowskaSebastian Mielcarek 《Industrial Crops and Products》2011,33(2):462-468

In the moderate climate of Poland it is recommended that milk thistle (Silybum marianum L. Gaertn.) be grown on fertile soils. The plant, however, develops a strong root system, so a working hypothesis has developed that cultivation can be extended to light soils with periodic water deficits. The aim of the present research was to determine the effects of sowing milk thistle on light soil at different dates and rates on the achene yield and flavonolignan content. This experiment was carried out during 2004-2006 at the Mochelek Experiment Station of the University of Technology and Life Sciences in Bydgoszcz (53°13′ N; 17°51′ E). The average fruit yields were 1.23 t ha⁻¹; those of silymarin were 26.5 kg ha⁻¹. The moisture and thermal conditions during the research years caused the fruit yields to range from 0.55 to 1.68 t ha⁻¹ and silymarin yields from 13.3 to 35.4 kg ha⁻¹. Delaying sowing from early to mid-April increased the plant density and decreased numbers of inflorescences and fruits per inflorescence; as a result, no effect of sowing date on fruit yield was found. Delaying the sowing date increased silymarin content by about 0.4% and its yield by 5.3 kg ha⁻¹. Increasing the sowing rate from 12 to 24 kg ha⁻¹ resulted in a slight (40 kg ha⁻¹) but significant increase in achene yield; however, it did not affect the silymarin content. The average silymarin content in fruits was 2.18%. The ratio of silydianin to silychristin was 1:2.2, and the ratio of silydianin to the sum of silybinin and isosilybinin was 1:3.3.  相似文献   

The effects of cadmium and copper on embryonic and larval development of ide Leuciscus idus L.     

Malgorzata Witeska  Piotr Sarnowski  Katarzyna Ługowska  Ewelina Kowal 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2014,40(1):151-163

The effects of Cd and Cu on embryos and larvae of the ide Leuciscus idus were evaluated. The ide is an European cyprinid fish, natural populations of which tend to decrease. The ide is also used as a bioindicator organism to evaluate water quality. However, sensitivity of ide early developmental stages to heavy metal intoxication is not known. Fish were exposed to Cd or Cu (100 μg/L) during embryonic, larval or both developmental periods. Survival of the embryos, time of hatching, size and quality of newly hatched larvae were evaluated at the end of embryonic period. Correctly developed larvae from the control and Cd or Cu-exposed groups were transferred to clean water, Cd or Cu solutions (100 μg/L) immediately after hatching. Larval development was observed, and the larvae were photographed. Time of yolk sac resorption, onset of active feeding and swim bladder inflation were evaluated, and the measurements were done on body and swim bladder size. The results showed that exposure of embryos to Cd and Cu significantly reduced embryonic survival and increased frequency of body malformations and death in newly hatched larvae and delayed hatching. Exposure to Cd and Cu during larval period reduced larval survival, growth and delayed development (yolk utilization, beginning of active feeding and swim bladder inflation). Cadmium was more toxic to the ide embryos and larvae than copper. Exposures to metals during embryonic period alone caused adverse impact on larval performance even when larval development took place in clean water. However, exposure of embryos to Cu reduced toxic impact of metal on larvae in continuous Cu exposure compared to the non-preexposed fish, but no such an effect occurred in case of Cd exposure. The results show that even a short-term exposure to Cd or Cu during early development of ide may adversely affect recruitment of this species. Among the measured endpoints, quality of newly hatched larvae (frequency of body malformations and larvae dead immediately after hatching) and swim bladder size were the most sensitive to intoxication with both metals. Embryos were more sensitive to Cu intoxication than larvae, while in case of Cd, sensitivity of both stages was similar.  相似文献   

Early development and allometric growth patterns in burbot Lota lota L.     

Krzysztof Kupren  Izabela Trąbska  Daniel Żarski  Sławomir Krejszeff  Katarzyna Palińska-Żarska  Dariusz Kucharczyk 《Aquaculture International》2014,22(1):29-39

This study analyzed the morphological development and allometric growth patterns of Lota lota L. (burbot) larvae reared under controlled laboratory conditions. From hatching to day 50, twenty larvae were sampled each [between 1 and 14 days post-hatch (DPH)] or every second day (between 14 and 50 DPH) and measured under a stereoscopic microscope using analytic software. Based on the external morphology, the different stages during early development of burbot were identified: yolk sac larva 0–8 DPH [3.92–4.37 mm total length (TL)]; preflexion larva 9–26 DPH (4.57–12.06 mm TL); flexion larva (between notochord degradation and its replacement with rays) 28–34 DPH (14.00–16.34 mm TL) and postflexion larva/juvenile 36–50 DPH (18.20–29.27 mm TL). Allometric growth patterns of some parameters (e.g., total length, head length, body length, tail length, head depth, body depth, eye diameter) were modeled by a power function and described by the growth coefficient. Organogenesis and changes of body proportions in burbot larvae were more rapid and complex during the yolk sac and preflexion phase of development as larvae developed most of their sensorial, feeding, respiratory and swimming systems and after notochord flexion, when most morphological changes were related to the progressive transformation from pelagic larva to demersal larva/juvenile.  相似文献