Targeted metabolite analysis and antioxidant potential of Rumex induratus     

Guerra L  Pereira C  Andrade PB  Rodrigues MA  Ferreres F  De Pinho PG  Seabra RM  Valentão P 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(17):8184-8194

Targeted metabolite analysis of aqueous extract of Rumex induratus leaves, in terms of phenolic compounds and organic acids, and the study of its antioxidant activity against the DPPH(*) radical, a reactive oxygen species, hypochlorous acid, and a reactive nitrogen species, nitric oxide ((*)NO), were performed. The samples were collected in several locations, spontaneously occurring or from greenhouse culture, at different stages of development and seasons. The phenolic composition was achieved by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-diode array detection, and four hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives and 10 flavonoid glycosides (C- and O-heterosides) were determined. Organic acids composition was established by HPLC-UV, revealing five compounds. The total amount of phenolic compounds and organic acids were affected by growing conditions and developmental phase. The aqueous extract exhibited a dose-related activity against all tested reactive species.  相似文献   

New phenolic compounds and antioxidant potential of Catharanthus roseus     

Ferreres F  Pereira DM  Valentão P  Andrade PB  Seabra RM  Sottomayor M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(21):9967-9974

Screening of the phenolic compounds from seeds, stems, leaves and petals of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don (cv. Little Bright Eye) was achieved by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. This is the first detailed study of noncolored phenolics in C. roseus, which allowed the characterization of three caffeoylquinic acids and fifteen flavonol glycosides (di- and trisaccharides of kaempferol, quercetin and isorhamnetin). Fifteen compounds are reported for the first time in this species. The scavenging ability of the different plant matrices was assessed against DPPH(*) radical and against reactive oxygen (superoxide radical) and a reactive nitrogen (nitric oxide) species. A concentration-dependent protective effect was observed for seeds and tissues, with petals shown to be the most active.  相似文献   

Activity pattern of the marine shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone 1931) in laboratory as a function of different feeding frequencies     

Patrícia Pereira De Lima  Cibele Soares Pontes  Maria de Fátima Arruda 《Aquaculture Research》2009,41(1):53-60

Management practices on most Brazilian shrimp farms have resulted in high expenses for producers and damage to the environment. Applied ethology could provide information on the pattern of shrimp activity, enabling more efficient feeding frequencies. Behavioural activities of the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei were recorded during different feeding frequencies. The shrimp were kept in aquariums on a 12:12 h light/dark cycle. They were fed commercial ration three (at 6:00, 12:00 and 18:00 hours), four (at 6:00, 10:00, 14:00 and 18:00 hours) or seven times per day (at 6:00. 8:00, 10:00, 12:00, 14:00, 16:00 and 18:00 hours). We observed animals at 15 min^?1 aquarium^?1 time periods, recording feeding, substrate exploration, swimming and inactivity. Feeding and exploration were the highest for shrimp fed three times per day, swimming was greatest when animals received four feedings, whereas inactivity was higher for shrimp fed seven times per day. There was greater food ingestion between 12:00 and 14:00 hours for animals fed three and four times per day, whereas swimming was high mainly at 18:00 hours for shrimp fed three and seven times per day. The results indicate higher forage‐related activities (exploration/ingestion) when feed was offered three or four times, suggesting optimization in the pattern of shrimp activities based on these feeding frequencies.  相似文献   

Effectiveness of early-generation testing applied to upland rice breeding     

Matheus S. Barros  Odilon P. Morais Júnior  Patrícia G. S. Melo  Orlando P. Morais  Adriano P. Castro  Flávio Breseghello 《Euphytica》2018,214(4):61

A plant breeding program is a long-term investment. Therefore, periodic assessment of the effectiveness of a breeding strategy is essential to maximize genetic gains per unit of time and resource invested. In this work, we assessed the effectiveness of the early-generation testing (EGT) approach used in the upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) breeding program at Embrapa (Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation), Brazil, estimating the genetic progress achieved for three traits in two distinct phases, spanning 15 years. In the first phase (from 2003 to 2010), it was used the bulk method within F₃ progenies with prior testing of F₂ crosses, while in the second phase (from 2010 to 2017), it was used the bulk method within F₂ progenies. The dataset comprised 70 yield trials, involving 1884 F_3:5 progenies (phase I) and 925 F_2:4 progenies (phase II) from an elite population, and 10 check cultivars, evaluated for grain yield (GY), plant height (PH) and days to flowering (DTF). For estimating the genetic gain, we adapted a generalized linear regression method to compute bi-segmented linear regression coefficients. Desirable genetic gains were achieved only for GY in both phases of the breeding program, with 78.75 kg ha^?1 year^?1 (2.68%) in the first phase, and 53.78 kg ha^?1 year^?1 (1.54%) in the second phase. These results show the effectiveness of EGT, especially via bulk method within F₃ progenies with prior testing of F₂ crosses, applied to upland rice breeding. Some refinements are discussed in the method to make it more cost-effective and more efficient in achieving genetic gains.  相似文献   

Could the Supply of Boron and Zinc Improve Resistance of Potato to Early Blight?     

Patrícia Pereira Machado  Fábio Steiner  Alan Mario Zuffo  Rafael Alves Machado 《Potato Research》2018,61(2):169-182

The adequate supply of boron (B) and zinc (Zn) can improve the structural integrity and permeability of cell membranes, which is a defence mechanism against fungi infection. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of the application of B and Zn on plant growth and the incidence and severity of potato early blight, a destructive foliar disease of potato crop caused by Alternaria grandis E.G. Simmons. Potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Ágata) were grown in 11-l pots filled with sandy soil, unfertilized or fertilized with 5 mg kg^?1 B and 5 mg kg^?1 Zn (either alone or in combination). Potato plants were inoculated with isolates of Alternaria grandis at 40 days after planting. Early blight incidence and severity were evaluated visually 7 days after inoculation with A. grandis isolates. Disease incidence ranged from 16 to 41% infected leaves, and was significantly highest in the treatment with the application of B, followed by the control, and lowest with application of Zn and B + Zn. Early blight severity ranged from 2.5 to 25%, and was significantly higher in the unfertilized treatment than in those fertilized with Zn either alone or in combination with B. These findings suggest that Zn plays a critical role in potato tolerance to early blight and should be considered as a preventive measure in the disease management plan, since application of zinc reduced the incidence and severity of potato early blight. However, the physiological basis of this remains unknown.  相似文献   

Effect of Solvent System on Extractability of Lipidic Components of Scenedesmus obliquus (M2-1) and Gloeothece sp. on Antioxidant Scavenging Capacity Thereof     

Helena M. Amaro  Fátima Fernandes  Patrícia Valent?o  Paula B. Andrade  I. Sousa-Pinto  F. Xavier Malcata  A. Catarina Guedes 《Marine drugs》2015,13(10):6453-6471

Microalgae are well known for their biotechnological potential, namely with regard to bioactive lipidic components—especially carotenoids and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), well-known for therapeutic applications based on their antioxidant capacity. The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of four distinct food-grade solvents upon extractability of specific lipidic components, and on the antioxidant capacity exhibited against both synthetic (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH^•) and 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS^+•)) and biological reactive species (O₂^•− and ^•NO⁻). A eukaryotic microalga (Scenedesmus obliquus (M2-1)) and a prokaryotic one (Gloeothece sp.) were used as case studies. Concerning total antioxidant capacity, the hexane:isopropanol (3:2) and acetone extracts of Sc. obliquus (M2-1) were the most effective against DPPH^• and ABTS^+•, respectively. Gloeothece sp. ethanol extracts were the most interesting scavengers of O₂^•−, probably due the high content of linolenic acid. On the other hand, acetone and hexane:isopropanol (3:2) extracts were the most interesting ones in ^•NO⁻ assay. Acetone extract exhibited the best results for the ABTS assay, likely associated to its content of carotenoids, in both microalgae. Otherwise, ethanol stood out in PUFA extraction. Therefore, profiles of lipidic components extracted are critical for evaluating the antioxidant performance—which appears to hinge, in particular, on the balance between carotenoids and PUFAs.  相似文献   

Silicon Effects on Metal Tolerance and Structural Changes in Maize (Zea mays L.) Grown on a Cadmium and Zinc Enriched Soil     

da Cunha  Karina Patrícia Vieira  do Nascimento  Clístenes Williams Araújo 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2009,199(1-4):323-341

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution - The southern sector of the Guadiana River basin (GRB) drains the central-western part of the Iberian Pyrite Belt, an area with many polymetallic sulfide deposits...  相似文献   

Antiparasitic efficacy of dietary administration of trichlorfon (Masoten®) in the control of Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae (Neochinorhynchidae) in Colossoma macropomum (Serrasalmidae)     

Castro  Liliane Araújo  Andrade-Porto  Sanny Maria  Oliveira  Rebeca Guimarães  Batista  Yasmin Luzeiro  Silva  Felipe Moura Araújo  Oliveira  Christiane Patrícia Feitosa  Affonso  Elizabeth Gusmão  Cruz  Claudinei  Tavares-Dias  Marcos 《Aquaculture International》2021,29(6):2477-2488

Aquaculture International - This study investigated the efficacy of trichlorfon against Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae, as well as its palatability, residue analysis, and the blood parameters of...  相似文献   

Phlorotannin Extracts from Fucales Characterized by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn: Approaches to Hyaluronidase Inhibitory Capacity and Antioxidant Properties     

Federico Ferreres  Graciliana Lopes  Angel Gil-Izquierdo  Paula B. Andrade  Carla Sousa  Teresa Mouga  Patrícia Valent?o 《Marine drugs》2012,10(12):2766-2781

Purified phlorotannin extracts from four brown seaweeds (Cystoseira nodicaulis (Withering) M. Roberts, Cystoseira tamariscifolia (Hudson) Papenfuss, Cystoseira usneoides (Linnaeus) M. Roberts and Fucus spiralis Linnaeus), were characterized by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSⁿ. Fucophloroethol, fucodiphloroethol, fucotriphloroethol, 7-phloroeckol, phlorofucofuroeckol and bieckol/dieckol were identified. The antioxidant activity and the hyaluronidase (HAase) inhibitory capacity exhibited by the extracts were also assessed. A correlation between the extracts activity and their chemical composition was established. F. spiralis, the species presenting higher molecular weight phlorotannins, generally displayed the strongest lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity (IC₅₀ = 2.32 mg/mL dry weight) and the strongest HAase inhibitory capacity (IC₅₀ = 0.73 mg/mL dry weight). As for superoxide radical scavenging, C. nodicaulis was the most efficient species (IC₅₀ = 0.93 mg/mL dry weight), followed by F. spiralis (IC₅₀ = 1.30 mg/mL dry weight). These results show that purified phlorotannin extracts have potent capabilities for preventing and slowing down the skin aging process, which is mainly associated with free radical damage and with the reduction of hyaluronic acid concentration, characteristic of the process.  相似文献   

Characterization and genomic annotation of polymorphic EST‐SSR loci in Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp     

Camilla A Santos  Bruno C Rossini  Carla G Marques  Pedro M Galetti Jr  Patrícia D Freitas 《Aquaculture Research》2012,43(10):1567-1570

In the present work, EST‐SSR (expressed sequence tag‐simple sequence repeat) loci were obtained by screening 45 000 ESTs from the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, which was available in a database of the ShEST (Shrimp EST Genome Project) consortium. Fifty‐two of 600 EST‐SSR loci were selected. From this total, 21 EST‐SSRs were polymorphic among 40 individuals and had their gene products ascribed. Two to 20 alleles per locus were detected and the observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.15 to 0.86. Eight loci presented a significant heterozygote deficit after the Bonferroni correction, which was attributed to null alleles. Seven loci were able to have their protein products, molecular functions and biological processes determined. Our results are promising for future studies that relate the levels of these gene polymorphisms with different biological responses to stress in aquaculture.  相似文献