Detection of antibodies to West Nile virus in equine sera using microsphere immunoassay.     

Udeni B R Balasuriya  Pei-Yong Shi  Susan J Wong  Valerie L Demarest  Ian A Gardner  Pamela J Hullinger  Gregory L Ferraro  Joshua D Boone  Casey L De Cino  Amy L Glaser  Randall W Renshaw  Michel Ledizet  Raymond A Koski  N James MacLachlan 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2006,18(4):392-395

One hundred and ninety-one sera from horses that recently were exposed to West Nile virus (WNV) by either vaccination or natural infection or that were not vaccinated and remained free of infection were used to evaluate fluorescent microsphere immunoassays (MIAs) incorporating recombinant WNV envelope protein (rE) and recombinant nonstructural proteins (rNS1, rNS3, and rNS5) for detection of equine antibodies to WNV. The rE MIA had a diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, respectively, of 99.3% and 97.4% for detection of WNV antibodies in the serum of horses that were recently vaccinated or naturally infected with WNV, as compared to the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). The positive rE MIA results were assumed to be WNV-specific because of the close agreement between this assay and the PRNT and the fact that unvaccinated control horses included in this study were confirmed to be free of exposure to the related St Louis encephalitis virus. The NS protein-based MIA were all less sensitive than either the rE MIA or PRNT (sensitivity 0-48.0), although the rNSI MIA distinguished horses vaccinated with the recombinant WNV vaccine from those that were immunized with the inactivated WNV vaccine (P < 0.0001) or naturally infected with WNV (P < 0.0001). The rE MIA would appear to provide a rapid, convenient, inexpensive, and accurate test for the screening of equine sera for the presence of antibodies to WNV.  相似文献   

A serologic assessment of exposure to viral pathogens and Leptospira in an urban raccoon (Procyon lotor) population inhabiting a large zoological park.     

Randall E Junge  Karen Bauman  Melanie King  Matthew E Gompper 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2007,38(1):18-26

In urban environments, raccoons (Procyon lotor) may act as reservoirs for an array of pathogenic organisms, presenting spillover risks for human, domestic animal, and captive (zoo) animal populations. Over 5 yr, 159 raccoons from a high-density raccoon population in St. Louis, Missouri (USA), were surveyed for exposure to canine distemper virus (CDV), canine adenovirus 1 (CAV-1); feline parvovirus (FPV; =feline panleukopenia), and several serovars of Leptospira interrogans. Exposure to each of the viruses and two Leptospira serovars (grippotyphosa and icterohemorrhagiae) was detected (prevalence of CDV = 54.1%; FPV = 49.7%; CAV-1 = 6.9%; L. interrogans icterohemorrhagiae = 8.9%; L. interrogans grippotyphosa = 6.3%). Eighty percent of raccoons showed evidence of exposure to at least one of the five primary pathogens, and 39% were positive for multiple species. Among the viruses, there was a significant co-occurrence of CDV and CAV-1. Longitudinal data on a subset of animals revealed that among individuals who were diagnosed as seropositive on first capture, 33-100% became seronegative for the pathogen of interest when reexamined at a later date. Thus, free-ranging urban raccoons have been exposed to multiple infectious agents, some of which may pose risks to humans and to nonvaccinated domestic and captive animal populations.  相似文献   

Changes in fetal and maternal blood at the end of pregnancy and during parturition in the pig     

G C Randall 《Research in veterinary science》1982,32(3):278-282

Fetal and maternal blood gas tensions, pH, packed cell volume and glucose, fructose and lactic acid concentrations were monitored during the last two days of gestation, during parturition and and the first hour after birth. Blood samples were taken by means of indwelling catheters (implanted seven to 14 days before parturition) from 12 fetuses in seven sows. All fetuses were liveborn at a mean gestational age of 113.1 days. The significant finding was that all variables in fetal blood were stable during labour and, although mild hypercapnia was present during the last three hours, no significant changes in mean values were seen until those of samples taken within 15 minutes of birth. In some fetuses, no changes were seen until after birth, while in others pH and pO2 values declined during the last hour of fetal life. Immediately after birth a rapid increase in pO2 and decrease in pCO2 followed the onset of respiration. Blood pH fell during the first 30 minutes after birth and this fall was accompanied by increasing blood lactic acid concentrations. Blood glucose concentrations rose rapidly in the first 15 minutes after birth and were maintained during the first hour despite separation of the piglets from the sow. There was a transient, but significant, increase in packed cell volume during the period from 15 minutes before to 15 minutes after birth. Maternal values for all variables measured remained virtually unchanged during delivery.  相似文献   

The Swann Committee     

C J Randall 《The Veterinary record》1969,85(22):616-621

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Observations on parturition in the sow. II. Factors influencing stillbirth and perinatal mortality   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

G C Randall 《The Veterinary record》1972,90(7):183-186

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Probability of introduction of exotic strains of bluetongue virus into the US and into California through importation of infected cattle     

Hoar BR  Carpenter TE  Singer RS  Gardner IA 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2004,66(1-4):79-91

Strategies designed to minimize the probability of bluetongue virus (BTV) introduction to new areas should be based on a quantitative assessment of the probability of actually establishing the virus once it is introduced. The risk of introducing a new strain of bluetongue virus into a region depends on the number of viremic animals that enter and the competency of local vectors to transmit the virus. We used Monte Carlo simulation to model the probability of introducing BTV into California, USA, and the US through importation of cattle. Records of cattle and calf imports into California and the US were obtained, as was seroprevalence information from the exporting countries. A simulation model was constructed to evaluate the probability of importing either a viremic PCR-negative animal after 14-day quarantine, a c-ELISA BTV-antibody-negative animal after 28-day quarantine, or an untested viremic animal after 100-day quarantine into California and into the US. We found that for animals imported to the US, the simulated (best to worst scenarios) median percentage that tested positive for BTV-antibody ranged from 5.4 to 7.2%, while for the subset imported to California, the simulated median percentage that tested positive for BTV-antibody ranged from 20.9 to 78.9%. Using PCR, for animals imported to the US these values were 71.8–85.3%, and for those imported to California, the simulated median that test positive ranged from 74.3 to 92.4%. The probability that an imported animal was BTV-viremic is very low regardless of the scenario selected (median probability = 0.0%). The probability of introducing an exotic strain of BTV into California or the US by importing infected cattle was remote, and the current Office International des Epizooties (OIE) recommendation of either a final PCR test performed 14 days after entry into quarantine, a c-ELISA performed 28 days after entry into quarantine or a 100-day quarantine with no testing requirement was adequate to protect cattle in the US and California from an exotic strain of BTV.  相似文献   

Branchial carbonic anhydrase is present in the dogfish, Squalus acanthias     

J.M. Wilson  D.J. Randall  A.W. Vogl  J. Harris  W.S. Sly  G.K. Iwama 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2000,22(4):329-336

The distribution of branchial carbonic anhydrase (CA) in the shark, Squalus acanthias, was studied using in situ measurements of pH disequilibrium states in post-branchial saline, and immunological techniques, immunofluorescence microscopy and Western analysis, employing rabbit polyclonal antibodies against rat pulmonary membrane associated CA IV and chick retinal cytosolic CA II. In the in situ saline perfused gill preparation, the CA inhibitor acetazolamide produced a pH disequilibium (0.063 ± 0.022 pH units) while control and bovine carbonic anhydrase perfusions did not (0.012 ± 0.017 and 0.023 ± 0.018 pH units, respectively). These results indicate that the HCO₃ ^- dehydration reaction is accelerate by endogenous extracellular CA. Western analysis of saline perfused gill membrane preparations revealed an immunoreactive 48 kDa band with the CA IV probe. In crude gill homogenates, a 33 kDa and 31 kDa pair of bands is identified by the CA II probe. The pattern of immunolabeling for CA II in the gill epithelium was either diffuse or punctate within both lamellar and filament epithelial cells while eyrthrocytes and pillar cells displayed a diffuse staining pattern.  相似文献   

PHYSIOLOGIC VARIANTS,BENIGN PROCESSES,AND ARTIFACTS FROM 106 CANINE AND FELINE FDG‐PET/COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY SCANS     

Elissa Randall  Samantha Loeber  Susan Kraft 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2014,55(2):213-226

18F‐Fluoro‐deoxyglucose positron emission computed tomography (FDG‐PET/CT) is an emerging diagnostic imaging modality in veterinary medicine; however, little published information is available on physiologic variants, benign processes, and artifacts. The purpose of this retrospective study was to describe the number of occurrences of non‐neoplastic disease‐related FDG‐PET/CT lesions in a group of dogs and cats. Archived FDG‐PET/CT scans were retrieved and interpreted based on a consensus opinion of two board‐certified veterinary radiologists. Non‐neoplastic disease‐related lesions were categorized as physiologic variant, benign activity, or equipment/technology related artifact. If the exact cause of hypermetabolic areas could not be determined, lesions were put into an indeterminate category. A total of 106 canine and feline FDG‐PET/CT scans were included in the study. In 104 of the 106 scans, a total of 718 occurrences of physiologic variant, areas of incidental benign activity, and artifacts were identified. Twenty‐two of 23 feline scans and 82 of 83 canine scans had at least one artifact. Previously unreported areas of increased radiopharmaceutical uptake included foci associated with the canine gall bladder, linear uptake along the canine mandible, and focal uptake in the gastrointestinal tract. Benign activity was often seen and related to healing, inflammation, and indwelling implants. Artifacts were most often related to injection or misregistration. Further experience in recognizing the common veterinary FDG physiologic variation, incidental radiopharmaceutical uptake, and artifacts is important to avoid misinterpretation and false‐positive diagnoses.  相似文献   

Modulation of folding pathways of exported proteins by the leader sequence   总被引：39，自引：0，他引：39  

S Park  G Liu  T B Topping  W H Cover  L L Randall 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1988,239(4843):1033-1035

Leader peptides that function to direct export of proteins through membranes have some common features but exhibit a remarkable sequence diversity. Thus there is some question whether leader peptides exert their function through conventional stereospecific protein-protein interaction. Here it is shown that the leader peptides retarded the folding of precursor maltose-binding protein and ribose-binding protein from Escherichia coli. This kinetic effect may be crucial in allowing precursors to enter the export pathway.  相似文献   

Jupiter's nightside airglow and aurora     

Gladstone GR  Stern SA  Slater DC  Versteeg M  Davis MW  Retherford KD  Young LA  Steffl AJ  Throop H  Parker JW  Weaver HA  Cheng AF  Orton GS  Clarke JT  Nichols JD 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,318(5848):229-231

Observations of Jupiter's nightside airglow (nightglow) and aurora obtained during the flyby of the New Horizons spacecraft show an unexpected lack of ultraviolet nightglow emissions, in contrast to the case during the Voyager flybys in 1979. The flux and average energy of precipitating electrons generally decrease with increasing local time across the nightside, consistent with a possible source region along the dusk flank of Jupiter's magnetosphere. Visible emissions associated with the interaction of Jupiter and its satellite Io extend to a surprisingly high altitude, indicating localized low-energy electron precipitation. These results indicate that the interaction between Jupiter's upper atmosphere and near-space environment is variable and poorly understood; extensive observations of the day side are no guide to what goes on at night.  相似文献