Solubility and Fractionation of Different Metals in Fly Ash of Powder River Basin Coal     

Pradip Bhattacharyya  K. J. Reddy  Viswatej Attili 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2011,220(1-4):327-337

Coal is one of the major sources of fuel for electricity production and will continue to be used for many more decades. Thus, it is important to study the effects of disposal of coal burning byproducts including fly ash into the environment. In this study, the solubility of cations and anions from the fly ash in water is discussed. Also, the fractionation of different metals from fly ash in water is studied to understand which fraction of the metals would likely be mobilized. The results from these studies suggested that the metals in the fly ash are bound mostly to carbonate, organic, and residual fractions. Also, when water solubility data are modeled with a geochemical model (Visual MINTEQ), the saturation index predictions suggested that brucite (Mg(OH)₂) and calcite (CaCO₃) could potentially precipitate and mineralize the atmospheric CO₂. Such mineralization process could potentially reduce the leaching of toxic metals from fly ash. Results from this study will be helpful in understanding the fate of different metals from fly ash land disposal environments.  相似文献   

The carrageenan diet: not recommended     

Tobacman JK  Bhattacharyya S  Borthakur A  Dudeja PK 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,321(5892):1040-1041

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Selection for resistance to macrocyclic lactones by Haemonchus contortus in sheep.     

S Ranjan  G T Wang  C Hirschlein  K L Simkins 《Veterinary parasitology》2002,103(1-2):109-117

An anthelmintic-sensitive Haemonchus contortus strain was selected for moxidectin and ivermectin resistance concurrently for 22 generations. Treatment with 0.002 mg moxidectin/kg BW or 0.02 mg ivermectin/kg BW produced >99% efficacy against the susceptible parent strain passaged for 22 generations without any anthelmintic exposure. However, to obtain similar efficacy the moxidectin-selected and the ivermectin-selected strains of H. contortus required 0.05 mg moxidectin/kg BW or 0.4 mg ivermectin/kg BW. These results indicate that development of resistance to one macrocyclic lactone, simultaneously results in resistance to another macrocyclic lactone. However, rates of resistance development differ between compounds and occurs more slowly with moxidectin than with ivermectin.  相似文献   

Effect of municipal solid waste compost on seed germination of rice,wheat and cucumber     

R. Pal  P. Bhattacharyya 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(4):407-414

Water extracts of municipal solid waste compost (MSWC) were applied to seed of three crops v - v rice ( Oryza sativa, L.), wheat ( Triticum aestivum, L.) and cucumber ( Cucumis sativa, L.). Severe suppression of germination index (GI), root length (RL) and shoot length (SL) were observed with the seeds treated with 1 v : v 7.5 MSWC v : v water extracts. A significant positive relationship was observed between the above mentioned parameters and organic carbon, nitrogen and optical density. A significant negative relationship between the above parameters and the contents of ammonia and heavy metals was also found. When comparing the three different seeds, wheat was most sensitive, followed by rice and then cucumber in terms of germination index, germination (%), root and shoot growth.  相似文献   

Assessment of a sequential extraction procedure for fractionation of soil arsenic in contaminated soils     

AK Ghosh  D Sarkar  DC Nayak  P Bhattacharyya 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(6):583-591

A sequential fractionation scheme, based on a soil phosphorous fractionation, was developed to assess the chemical nature, and thus the potential bioavailability and mobility of As, at the sites. Soil As was separated into five fractions with (i) anion exchange resin, (ii) NaHCO₃, (iii) NaOH, (iv) HCl, (v) residual. Most sites contained relatively low concentrations of As in the two most labile fractions. The bulk of the contaminant As at the sites seemed to be associated with soil amorphous Fe and Al minerals and the dominant clay minerals which help in As sorption are montmorillonite and mica. Resin-extractable As in particular might provide a good index of potential As bioavailability and mobility.  相似文献   

Effect of composting on extractability and relative availability of heavy metals present in Calcutta municipal solid waste     

P Bhattacharyya  R Pal  K Chakrabarti  A Chakraborty 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(2):181-187

How composting affects heavy metal content is largely unknown. Accordingly, we investigate the total content of six heavy metals, Cd/Zn ratio and the Zn-equiv, the relative availability and fractionation study to assess the suitability of compost derived out of those for environmental concerns. During composting, total metal content increased but their RA decreased. As a result of composting bioavailable form of metals also decreased. High significant correlations between different forms of heavy metals content and degree of humification were found for all the elements. Composting increases humic acid content than fulvic acid. This transformation is mainly responsible to serve as binding agent for metal thereby moderating the rapid metal mobilization.  相似文献   

Lignocellulosic biomass particle shape and size distribution analysis using digital image processing for pipeline hydro-transportation     

Mahdi Vaezi  Vivek Pandey  Amit Kumar  Souvik Bhattacharyya 《Biosystems Engineering》2013,114(2):97-112

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Implication of melatonin in oocyte maturation in Indian major carp Catla catla     

Saumen Kumar Maitra  Asamanja Chattoraj  Sharmistha Bhattacharyya 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2005,31(2-3):201-207

Importance of melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) in the regulation of oocyte maturation has been studied in a carp Catla catla. Melatonin secretory cells were immunocytochemically localized only in the end vesicle. Diurnal and seasonal studies indicated that the serum levels of melatonin exhibit a minimum diurnal value in the mid-day of all seasons, but the peak value is attained either at mid-night or just before the onset of light. Moreover, highest seasonal value of melatonin was noted in the post-spawning phase. Administration of melatonin at different doses (25, 50, or 100 μg/100 g body weight) for 1, 15, or 30 days resulted in either pro- or anti-gonadal effects depending on the reproductive seasons. In vitro study revealed that incubation of oocytes with melatonin 4h prior to addition of MIH in the medium led to an accelerated rate of oocyte maturation through the formation of a complex of two proteins (MPF), cyclin B and cyclin dependant kinase, Cdc2. Moreover, melatonin pre-incubation considerably increased MIH stimulation of histone H1 phosphorylation as compared to MIH alone. Taken together, gathered information promotes the idea of a physiological role of melatonin in the maturation of oocytes in Catla catla.  相似文献   

Impacts of soil fertility management on productivity and economics of rice and fodder intercropping systems under rainfed conditions in Odisha,India          下载免费PDF全文

Dilip Kumar BASTIA  Subrat Kumar BEHERA  Manas Ranjan PANDA 《农业科学学报》2021,20(12):3114-3126

Under small and marginal farm conditions, allocation of land exclusively for forages is not possible. Hence, integration of forages in existing crop geometry can ensure production of grain and fodder, simultaneously under rainfed conditions. A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of different nutrient management practices on rice and fodder intercropping systems under rainfed conditions during 2015–2017. The intercropping system comprised (i) sole rice (R), (ii) rice and cowpea (5:2) (CP) and (iii) rice and ricebean (5:2) (RB) whereas the different nutrient management practices comprised (i) application of farm yard manure (FYM) at 5 t ha^–1 (farmers’ practice) (N₁), (ii) application of inorganic fertilizer (recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) of rice, 60:30:30 kg ha^–1 of N:P₂O₅:K₂O) (N₂) and (iii) application of both FYM at 5 t ha^–1 and 50% of RDF inorganic fertilizer (N₃). The results of the experiment revealed that the growth attribute such as leaf area was influenced significantly when fodder crops were taken as intercrops because rice plant was getting more nitrogen from soil due to nitrogen fixation of leguminous fodder crops. Among the nutrient management practices, significant differences in leaf area were found beween N₂ and N₁, and between N₃ and N₁ treatments. However, regarding total number of effective tillers, significant differences were found neither between nutrient management practices nor between cropping systems. The rice equivalent yield (REY) based on price (REY_P) was found to be significantly lower in CP (2 615 kg ha^–1; –6.4%) and RB intercropping systems (2 571 kg ha^–1; –8.0%) than in R monocropping system (2 794 kg ha^–1). However, the REY based on energy (REY_E) of CP (2 999 kg ha^–1; +7.3%) and RB (2 960 kg ha^–1; +5.9%) were found to be significantly higher than that of R (2 794 kg ha^–1) irrespective of nutrient management practices. Between different nutrient management practices, the N₃ treatment recorded the highest REY_P and REY_E which was at par with the N₂ treatment and significantly higher than the N₁ treatment irrespective of cropping systems. The combined application of both organic and inorganic sources of nutrients helped to supply nutrients throughout the growing season, which led to improved growth parameters and rice yield. The R monocropping system resulted in more income and rain water use efficiency (RWUE) closely followed by rice and fodder intercropping systems. However, the REY_E and energy use efficiency (EUE) of rice and fodder intercropping systems were higher than those of R. Also, fodder helped to meet the requirement of cattle feeding in the off-season. Hence, the intercropping system is advocated in the study zone. Further study can be done on ecosystem services and carbon sequestration potential of the intercropping system, as well as the system’s coping ability in response to short drought through observing periodic soil moisture regime in root zone.  相似文献   

OGG1 DNA Repair Gene Polymorphism As a Biomarker of Oxidative and Genotoxic DNA Damage     

Kanika Miglani  Sunil Kumar  Anita Yadav  Neeraj Aggarwal  Ranjan Gupta 《Iranian Biomedical Journal》2021,25(1):47

Background:Single nucleotide polymorphisms in OGG1 gene modulates DNA repair capacity and functions as one of the first lines of protective mechanisms against 8-OHdG mutagenicity. OGG1-Cys326 gene polymorphism may decrease DNA repair function, causing oxidative stress due to higher oxidative DNA damage. The main purpose of this study was to examine the link of oxidative and genotoxic DNA damage with DNA repair OGG1 gene polymorphism, in charcoal workers exposed to polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Methods:Urinary 8-OHdG excretion (a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage) was determined in both exposed and control populations. Genotyping of OGG1 DNA repair gene in the blood samples of subjects was carried out by PCR-RFLP method. Results:The 8-OHdG urinary concentration was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the exposed (geometric mean 12.33 ± 3.78) than in the unexposed (geometric mean 7.36 ± 2.29) population. DNA damage, as measured by 8-OHdG and TM content, was found to be significantly higher in OGG1 homozygous mutants (mt/mt; 18.81 ± 3.34; 6.04 ± 0.52) as compared to wild-type genotypes (wt/wt; 10.34 ± 2.25; 5.19 ± 2.50) and heterozygous (wt/mt) mutants (12.82 ± 2.81; 6.04 ± 0.93) in the exposed group. Conclusion:We found a significant association of OGG1 heterozygous (wt/mt) and homozygous (mt/mt) variants with oxidative and genotoxic damage, suggesting that these polymorphisms may modulate the effects of PAH exposure in occupational workers. Key Words: 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine, 1-hydroxypyrene, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons  相似文献