低植酸水稻种质资源筛选、遗传生理调控与环境生态适应性研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

苏达  吴良泉 S?ren K Rasmussen 周庐建程方民 《中国水稻科学》2019,33(2):95-107

提高或维持水稻产量的同时,提高稻米品质已成为目前水稻育种的首要目标之一。其中,通过降低籽粒中植酸等抗营养因子,增加锌、铁生物有效性以提升水稻营养品质,是目前水稻品质改良的一个重要方向。本文主要综述了水稻籽粒中植酸合成的代谢路径、低植酸水稻的筛选及相关功能基因的遗传特点、植酸生理代谢的调控网络、低植酸水稻农艺性状劣变和生态适应性降低的生理原因、籽粒植酸合成的环境调控效应等相关研究进展。可为低植酸水稻品质改良以及栽培调优提供借鉴。  相似文献   

Successful medical treatment of an Aspergillus terreus mycetoma of the nostril/lip in a 16‐year‐old Fjord pony gelding with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction          下载免费PDF全文

Pia K. Randleff‐Rasmussen  Marion Mosca  Frédéric Knoerr  Didier Pin  Isabelle Desjardins 《Veterinary dermatology》2017,28(6):629-e155

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Predisposition to bark beetle attack by root herbivores and associated pathogens: Roles in forest decline,gap formation,and persistence of endemic bark beetle populations     

Brian H. Aukema  Jun Zhu  Jesper Møller  Jakob G. Rasmussen  Kenneth F. Raffa 《Forest Ecology and Management》2010

Bark beetles are largely known for their ability to undergo intermittent population eruptions that transform entire landscapes and pose significant economic hardships. However, most species do not undergo outbreaks, and eruptive species usually exert only minor disturbances. Understanding the dynamics of tree-killing noneruptive species can provide insights into how beetles persist at low densities, and how some spatiotemporal patterns of host predisposition may more likely favor breaching eruptive thresholds than others. Elucidating mechanisms behind low-density populations is challenging, however, due to the requirement of long-term monitoring and high degrees of spatial and temporal covariance. We censused more than 2700 trees annually over 7 years, and at the end of 17 years, in a mature red pine plantation. Trees were measured for the presence of bark beetles and wood borers that breed within the primary stem, root weevils that breed in root collars, and bark beetles that breed in basal stems. We quantify the sequence of events that drive this decline syndrome, with the primary emergent pattern being an interaction between below- and above-ground herbivores and their fungal symbionts. This interaction results in an expanding forest gap, with subsequent colonization by early-successional vegetation. Spatial position strongly affects the likelihood of tree mortality. A red pine is initially very likely to avoid attack by tree-killing Ips beetles, but attack becomes increasingly likely as the belowground complex spreads to neighboring trees and eventually make trees susceptible. This system is largely internally driven, as there are strong gap edge, but not stand-edge, effects. Additional stressors, such as drought, can provide an intermittent source of susceptible trees to Ips beetles, and elevated temperature slightly accentuates this effect. New gaps can arise from such trees as they subsequently become epicenters for the full complex of organisms associated with this decline, but this is not common. As Ips populations rise, there is some element of positive feedback, in that the proportion of killed trees that were not first colonized by root organisms increases. This positive feedback is very weak, however, and we propose the slope between beetle population density and reliance on host stress as a quantitative distinction along a gradient from noneruptive through eruptive species. Almost all trees colonized by Ips were subsequently colonized by wood borers, likely a source of negative feedback. We discuss implications to our overall understanding of cross-scale interactions, between-guild interactions, forest declines, and eruptive thresholds.  相似文献   

Immotile Short‐Tail Sperm Defect in Nelore (Bos taurus indicus) Breed Bulls     

JB Siqueira  RO Pinho  SEF Guimarães  T Miranda Neto  JD Guimarães 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(6):1122-1125

This case study reported the presence of short tail sperm defect in the semen of three Nelore breed bulls. The sperm presented 0% of motility in the three animals evaluated and a total of 70%, 61% and 34% of pathologies of the intermediate piece of the tail respectively for animals 1, 2 and 3. It was identified that animals 2 and 3 had high degree of inbreeding, although no relationship was found with animal 1. Animal 2 was the only one that presented inbreeding coefficient (6.25%). His half‐sib (animal 3) and animal 1, from the same herd, had shown no inbreeding, showing that inheritance is not the only determinant factor for its incidence on Nelore males.  相似文献   

Past lessons and future prospects: plant breeding for yield and persistence in cool‐temperate pastures     

A. J. Parsons  G. R. Edwards  P. C. D. Newton  D. F. Chapman  J. R. Caradus  S. Rasmussen  J. S. Rowarth 《Grass and Forage Science》2011,66(2):153-172

Pastoral‐based animal production systems are under increasing pressure to provide the high quantity and quality of feed needed for optimal ruminant performance. The capacity of farmers to increase forage yield further, solely by increasing fertilizer inputs or through improved pasture management, is limited. Emerging requirements to balance industry production targets against the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and N losses pose further challenges. Plant breeding is being asked to deliver results more urgently than at any time previously, and this review attempts to highlight issues that might limit the prospects for future progress by seeking lessons from four past examples: (i) white clover breeding gains and the need to consider the complexity of the grazed grass‐clover mixed sward, with its tendency for cycling in plant species composition; (ii) a systems field trial of new and old grass/clover cultivars, and how the complexity of growth of perennial forage crops, and the dynamic optimality required for sustainable harvesting might limit our ability to breed for ‘yield’per se; (iii) the manipulation of a physiological trait (low ‘maintenance’ respiration) and the implications of such changes for plant fitness and G × E interactions; and (iv) an hypothesis‐driven development of a trait (high‐sugar grasses) and the value of ‘proof of concept’ studies, the requirement of scientific understanding of the mechanisms of trait expression, and how one might in future go about assessing breeding achievements. We discuss the general ecological considerations around shifts in the frequency distribution of traits in new populations, whether altered conventionally or by genetic modification, and how selection for a particular trait might inadvertently reduce both fitness and persistence. A major priority for breeding, we propose, might be to revisit previously abandoned traits that affected the physiological performance of forage species, armed now with a capacity to monitor gene expression at the molecular level, and so unravel/control the G × E interactions that limited their benefits. We also discuss how a ‘loss of yield advantage’ of new cultivars, seen when tested several years after sowing, requires urgent investigation and propose this might be associated with fitness costs of perenniality. Finally, we argue for a careful reconsideration of what are realistic expectations for systems field trials and that focus on forage breeding might be shifted more to ‘proof of concept’ studies, critical experimental design, comparing ‘traits’ rather than ‘cultivars’, and the wider ecological assessment of fitness and function of traits in the plant, community and ecosystem.  相似文献   

Food consumption, eating behaviour and self-esteem among single v. married and cohabiting mothers and their 12-year-old children     

Elfhag K  Rasmussen F 《Public health nutrition》2008,11(9):934-939

OBJECTIVE: Being a single mother may have implications for health behaviours that can also affect the child. More information about the food intakes and body weights in single v. married/cohabiting mothers and in their children is needed. Psychological dimensions of eating behaviour and self-esteem are also of relevance to explore for single mothers and their children. DESIGN: Food style patterns were assessed by self-reported consumption of fruits, vegetables, sweets and soft drinks. Eating behaviour was measured by the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire and self-esteem by the Harter self-perception scale. The participants were 1781 mothers and their 12-year-old children, of whom 278 mothers (16 %) were single. RESULTS: Single mothers had lower intake of fruits and vegetables and lower self-worth compared to the married and cohabiting mothers, controlling for age, education and BMI. Although single mothers did not have a higher BMI, their daughters were heavier than girls from complete families. Daughters to single mothers furthermore had a higher intake of soft drinks, higher levels of restrained eating and lower self-worth. No such difference was found for the boys. CONCLUSIONS: A lower sense of self-worth and lower intake of fruit and vegetables in single mothers could be seen in the context of the social disadvantages and less social support. Girls may be more inclined to be affected by family status than the boys, seen in a more unfortunate psychological pattern and a higher body weight. Boy's health behaviours may be more unaffected by living in single families.  相似文献   

Role of Leptin in Modulating Neuroendocrine Function: A Metabolic Link between the Brain-Pituitary and Adipose Tissue   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

CR Barb  JB Barrett  RR Kraeling  GB Rampacek 《Reproduction in domestic animals》1999,34(3-4):111-125

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Cholecalciferol rodenticide toxicity in a domestic cat     

JB THOMAS  JC HOOD  F GASCHK 《Australian veterinary journal》1990,67(7):274-275

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A primary extraskeletal osteogenic sarcoma arising in the spleen of a dog     

AG. JABARA  JB. McLEOD† 《Australian veterinary journal》1989,66(1):27-29

This paper describes a primary extraskeletal osteogenic sarcoma arising in the spleen of an 11-year-old, male, cross-bred Terrier. Initial diagnosis was made after surgical removal of a splenic mass, at which time the liver and other abdominal viscera appeared grossly normal. However, elevations in the activities of alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase in blood taken 7 days after laparotomy suggested that hepatic metastases were developing. This was confirmed when the dog died 3.5 months after surgery, with massive hepatic metastatic involvement. There appears to be no previous report of the spleen being the primary site of such a neoplasm in the dog.  相似文献   

Isolation and pathogenicity of Australian strains of Eimeria praecox and Eimeria mitis   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

WK JORGENSEN  NP STEWART  PJ JESTON  JB MOLLOY  GW BLIGHT  RJ DALGLIESH 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(8):592-595

Objective To determine the presence of E praecox and E mitis in Australia, to isolate representative strains of these species from chickens and determine their pathogenicity.
Design Morphological, physiological and cross protection studies were undertaken to confirm the identity of Australian isolates of E praecox and E mitis.
Procedure Oocysts were isolated from a backyard flock at Jimboomba, southeastern Queensland and numbers of E praecox and E mitis enriched by passage in chickens immune to five other species of poultry Eimeria . Oocysts of mean conformation and size of the two species were purified by single oocyst passage. Two isolates that closely matched recorded parameters for E praecox and E mitis were selected and designated JP and JM respectively. The cross protection between the isolates and E acervulina was determined by infection and challenge experiments. The virulence of the two isolates was determined by comparing weight gains of groups of birds inoculated with JP isolate or JM isolate with untreated groups.
Results Isolates JP and JM most closely matched recorded parameters of E praecox and E mitis respectively. Groups of chickens, previously infected with JP and JM isolates, showed no significant protection against infection with E acervulina . In a separate trial, groups of susceptible chickens inoculated with 10⁵ oocysts of JP and JM isolates showed significantly reduced weight gains compared with untreated controls.
Conclusion Isolates JP and JM are E praecox and E mitis respectively, confirming the presence of these species in Australia. These isolates were found capable of causing significant reductions in weight gains in susceptible chickens.  相似文献