Failure of passive immunoglobulin transfer: a major determinant of mortality in newborn alpacas (Lama pacos)   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

A E Garmendia  G H Palmer  J C DeMartini  T C McGuire 《American journal of veterinary research》1987,48(10):1472-1476

Failure of passive transfer (FPT) of immunoglobulin from colostrum was demonstrated as a major determinant of mortality in newborn alpacas (Lama pacos; crias). Serum IgG concentrations of dying crias were significantly (P less than 0.0001) lower than were serum IgG concentrations of crias that lived. Of 82 crias, 10 (12%) died within 1 month of age, and 7 of these had 0 to 9 mg of IgG/ml of serum at 48 hours after birth; 5 of the 7 had evidence of infectious diseases. The serum IgG concentrations of the remaining dead crias were 12, 13, and 20 mg/ml. On the basis of serum IgG concentrations of crias that died in the first month, FPT was defined as a 48-hour serum IgG concentration less than 9 mg/ml, which was greater than 2 SD below the 48-hour mean of clinically normal crias. Using this definition, the prevalence of FPT in the 82 crias studied was 9%. Corroborative evidence of the relationship between FPT and mortality was obtained from a retrospective study of 21 dead crias. The postmortem serum IgG concentration of 5 crias that died 2 to 10 days after birth ranged from less than 1 to 3 mg/ml; all were greater than 2 SD below the mean of age matched clinically normal crias. The range of serum IgG concentration was 2.2 to 21 mg/ml in 8 crias that died 11 to 20 days after birth; serum IgG concentration in 1 cria was greater than 2 SD below the normal mean, and 6 were greater than 1 SD below the normal mean.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

Development of Anaplasma marginale in male Dermacentor andersoni transferred from parasitemic to susceptible cattle.     

K M Kocan  D Stiller  W L Goff  P L Claypool  W Edwards  S A Ewing  T C McGuire  J A Hair  S J Barron 《American journal of veterinary research》1992,53(4):499-507

The development and transmission of Anaplasma marginale was studied in Dermacentor andersoni males. Laboratory-reared male D andersoni were allowed to feed for 7 days on a calf with ascending A marginale parasitemia. The ticks were then held in a humidity chamber for 7 days before being placed on 2 susceptible calves. Anaplasmosis developed in the calves after incubation periods of 24 and 26 days. Gut and salivary glands were collected from ticks on each day of the 23-day experiment and examined with light and electron microscopy. Colonies of A marginale were first observed in midgut epithelial cells on the sixth day of feeding on infected calves, with the highest density of colonies found in gut cells while ticks were between feeding periods. The first colonies contained 1 large dense organism that subsequently gave rise to many reticulated organisms. Initially, these smaller organisms were electron-lucent and then became electron-dense. On the fifth day after ticks were transferred to susceptible calves for feeding, A marginale colonies were found in muscle cells on the hemocoel side of the gut basement membrane. A final site for development of A marginale was the salivary glands. Colonies were first seen in acinar cells on the first day that ticks fed on susceptible calves, with the highest percentage of infected host cells observed on days 7 to 9 of that feeding. Organisms within these colonies were initially electron-lucent, but became electron-dense.  相似文献   

Comparison of a DNA probe, complement-fixation and indirect immunofluorescence tests for diagnosing Anaplasma marginale in suspected carrier cattle   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

W L Goff  D Stiller  R A Roeder  L W Johnson  D Falk  J R Gorham  T C McGuire 《Veterinary microbiology》1990,24(3-4):381-390

Most estimates of the prevalence of anaplasmosis have been based on serologic data using the complement-fixation (CF) and/or card agglutination tests. Since these tests are considered to be only about 50 percent reliable for detecting carrier cattle in enzootically stable herds, the need for more sensitive diagnostic tests is widely recognized. The objective in the present study was to compare the sensitivity of the CF test with that of the indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) test and a recently developed DNA probe in determining the prevalence of Anaplasma marginale infection in cattle from an enzootic area. The study herd consisted of 52 8-month-old steers and 13 3-year-old cows of mixed beef breed. All cattle were initially tested for this comparative purpose. All but one animal (one that was a positive reactor as assessed by all three tests, and served as a positive control), were treated with long-acting oxytetracycline in an attempt to clear any carrier infections. Each animal was then retested at 1 month and 2 months post-treatment (PT), in an effort to determine if the DNA probe could be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the drug. Six of the 65 (9.2%) initial serum samples were CF positive. In contrast, 60 (92.3%) and 64 (98.5%) of the samples were positive as assessed with the IIF test and the DNA probe, respectively. The DNA hybridization reactions varied in intensity within the sample population indicating different individual levels of infection. The DNA probe hybridized with two samples taken at 1 month PT, and with two different samples taken at 2 months PT. The mean IIF titers were reduced at both the 1 month and 2 month sampling times. These results suggest that the drug did not eliminate infections in all cattle. Some may have been cleared, but, in any event, the drug did reduce the level of infections below the sensitivity of the DNA probe and interrupted continuity of stimulation of antibody. Therefore, the DNA probe and the IIF test appear to be considerably more sensitive in detecting carrier infections than the CF test, and should be considered in future epidemiologic studies.  相似文献   

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of uroliths in dogs: definitive determination of chemical type   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

K C Bovee  T McGuire 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1984,185(9):983-987

Effective treatment and prevention of urolithiasis depends on accurate determination of the chemical nature of the uroliths. A widely used qualitative chemical procedure was compared with quantitative crystallographic analysis of 272 canine uroliths. Agreement between the 2 methods was 78%. Qualitative analysis failed to detect 62% of calcium-containing uroliths and 83% of carbonate apatite uroliths. Qualitative analysis gave false-positive results for urates in 55% of cystine uroliths. Mixed uroliths comprising 6% of the total could not be classified without quantitative analysis. Silicate, cystine, and urate uroliths generally were of pure composition. Crystallographic analysis indicated the following distribution of major types: struvite, 69%; calcium oxalate, 10%; urate, 7%; silicate, 3.5%; cystine, 3.2%; calcium phosphate, 1%; and mixed, 6%. Among dogs with struvite uroliths, 66% had positive results of bacterial culturing from the urinary bladder. Six breeds (Miniature Schnauzer, Welsh Corgi, Lhasa Apso, Yorkshire Terrier, Pekingese, and Pug) had a significantly higher risk for urolithiasis, compared with other breeds. The German Shepherd Dog had a significantly lowered risk, compared with other breeds. Two breeds had significant relationship to a specific type of urolith: Miniature Schnauzer for oxalate, and Dalmatian for urate (P less than 0.001). It was concluded that quantitative analysis, using crystallography, was superior for the detection of calcium oxalate, carbonate apatite, cystine, urate, and mixed uroliths.  相似文献   

Seasonal variation in passive transfer of immunoglobulin G1 to newborn calves   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

C C Gay  T C McGuire  S M Parish 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1983,183(5):566-568

Forty-eight-hour serum concentrations of immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) were determined for 123 female calves born on 1 farm during a 12-month period and fed 2.8 L of colostrum by esophageal feeder within 2 hours of birth. Mean monthly serum IgG1 concentrations were lowest in the winter, and increased during the spring and early summer to reach their peak in September, after which they decreased. Eight of 64 calves (12.5%) born from June through October had failure of passive transer of IgG1 (serum IgG1 less than 8 mg/ml), whereas 27 of 58 (46.5%) born from November through May had failure of passive transfer.  相似文献   

The detection of intravascular haemolysis in the horse     

T C McGuire  J B Henson 《The British veterinary journal》1969,125(1):v-vi

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Re-evaluation of the low-dose dexamethasone suppression test in dogs     

L. Lim  S. E. Hulsebosch  C. Gilor  K. L. Reagan  L. Kopecny  A. D. Maggiore  K. L. Phillips  P. H. Kass  W. Vernau  R. W. Nelson 《The Journal of small animal practice》2023,64(1):12-20

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Resistance to Cephus cinctus Norton,the wheat stem sawfly,in a recombinant inbred line population of wheat derived from two resistance sources     

Luther E. Talbert  Jamie D. Sherman  Megan L. Hofland  Susan P. Lanning  Nancy K. Blake  Reagan Grabbe  Peggy F. Lamb  John M. Martin  David K. Weaver 《Plant Breeding》2014,133(4):427-432

Several species of wheat stem sawflies (WSS) are pests of wheat, including Cephus cinctus Norton in North America. Larvae feed inside the stems and cut the stem near plant maturity. The primary means of control is resistance due to solid stems, largely controlled by a locus on chromosome 3B (Qss.msub‐3BL). Cultivars that differed for WSS resistance, but with similar stem solidness, were crossed to determine the genetic basis for the differences. The cultivar ‘Scholar’ is susceptible, while ‘Conan’ shows resistance. Scholar and Conan possessed different alleles at Qss.msub‐3BL. Both alleles conferred solidness, yet the Conan allele conferred higher WSS resistance. An allele from Conan on chromosome 4A also decreased infestation and stem cutting. The 3B and 4A alleles from Conan acted in an additive fashion to provide increased WSS resistance without increasing stem solidness. Stem solidness has long been used by breeders as a proxy for WSS resistance because of its simplicity. Our results suggest that other resistance mechanisms may complement solid stems.  相似文献   

Science and regulation. Regulating direct-to-consumer personal genome testing     

McGuire AL  Evans BJ  Caulfield T  Burke W 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2010,330(6001):181-182

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Repetitive abortion in Neospora-infected ewes.     

W R Jolley  M M McAllister  A M McGuire  R A Wills 《Veterinary parasitology》1999,82(3):251-257

Pregnant ewes inoculated with cultured Neospora caninum tachyzoites in 1995, 1996, or 1995 and 1996 aborted or delivered weak or clinically normal lambs in 1996. Nine of 11 ewes in the study had previously produced infected lambs or fetuses after being experimentally infected in 1995. Fetuses and lambs produced in 1996 showed histologic lesions and zoites indicative of Neospora. Serologic responses and production of infected fetuses/lambs indicated systemic neosporosis in the ewes during gestation, although tachyzoites could not be cultured from maternal tissues. The repetitive infection of fetuses, and resulting clinical and histopathologic findings in the present study are similar to those reported in naturally infected cattle, adding to the already established similarities of neosporosis between sheep and cattle.  相似文献