Humoral and cellular immune responses in pigs immunized intranasally with crude rhoptry proteins of Toxoplasma gondii plus Quil-A     

da Cunha IA  Zulpo DL  Bogado AL  de Barros LD  Taroda A  Igarashi M  Navarro IT  Garcia JL 《Veterinary parasitology》2012,186(3-4):216-221

We evaluated the humoral and cellular immune responses in pigs immunized intranasally with crude rhoptry proteins of Toxoplasma gondii plus Quil-A. The experiment used 13 mixed-breed pigs divided into the following three groups: G1 (vaccinated-challenged, n=6), which received the rhoptry vaccine (200(g/dose); G2 (adjuvant-challenged, n=4), which received PBS plus Quil-A; and G3 (unvaccinated-challenged, n=3), which was the control group. The treatments were performed intranasally at days 0, 21, and 42. Three pigs from G1 produced IgG and IgM antibody levels above the cut-off in the ELISA on the challenge day. Partial protection was observed in G1 at the chronic phase of infection when compared with G3. The preventable fractions were 41.6% and 6.5%, in G1 and G2, respectively. The results of this study suggest that rhoptry proteins plus Quil-A stimulated humoral, local, and systemic immune responses, which were able to partially protect the brain from cyst formation.  相似文献   

A new type of pterocarpanquinone that affects Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites in vitro     

Portes Jde A  Netto CD  da Silva AJ  Costa PR  DaMatta RA  dos Santos TA  De Souza W  Seabra SH 《Veterinary parasitology》2012,186(3-4):261-269

Toxoplasma gondii, the agent of Toxoplasmosis, is an obligate intracellular protozoan able to infect a wide range of vertebrate cells, including nonprofessional and professional phagocytes. Therefore, drugs must have intracellular activities in order to control this parasite. The most common therapy for Toxoplasmosis is the combination of sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine. This treatment is associated with adverse reactions, thus, the development of new drugs is necessary. In previous studies, naphthoquinone derivatives showed anti-cancer activity functioning as agents capable of acting on groups of DNA, preventing cancer cells duplication. These derivatives also display anti-parasitic activity against Plasmodium falciparum and Leishmania amazonensis. The derivative pterocarpanquinone tested in this work resulted from the molecular hybridization between pterocarpans and naphtoquinone that presents anti-tumoral and anti-parasitic activities of lapachol. The aim of this work was to determine if this derivative is able to change T. gondii growth within LLC-MK2 cells. The drug did not arrest host cell growth, but was able to decrease the infection index of T. gondii with an IC(50) of 2.5 μM. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy analysis showed morphological changes of parasites including membrane damage. The parasite that survived tended to encyst as seen by Dolichos biflorus lectin staining and Bag-1 expression. These results suggest that pterocarpanquinones are drugs potentially important for the killing and encystment of T. gondii.  相似文献   

Enrofloxacin is able to control Toxoplasma gondii infection in both in vitro and in vivo experimental models     

Barbosa BF  Gomes AO  Ferro EA  Napolitano DR  Mineo JR  Silva NM 《Veterinary parasitology》2012,187(1-2):44-52

Currently, toxoplasmosis is treated with sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine. However, this treatment presents several adverse side effects; thus, there is a critical need for the development and evaluation of new drugs, which do not present the same problems of the standard therapy. Enrofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic known to control infection against several bacteria in veterinary medicine. Recently, this drug has demonstrated protective effects against protozoan parasites such as Neospora caninum. The present study aimed to determine the effect of enrofloxacin in the control of Toxoplasma gondii infection. For this purpose, human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) cells were infected with T. gondii RH strain and treated with sulfadiazine, penicillin/streptomycin, pyrimethamine, or enrofloxacin. Following treatment, we analyzed the infection index, parasite intracellular proliferation and the number of plaques. Additionally, tissue parasitism and histological changes were investigated in the brain of Calomys callosus that were infected with T. gondii (ME49 strain) and treated with either sulfadiazine or enrofloxacin. Enrofloxacin was able to reduce the infection index, intracellular proliferation and the number of plaques in HFF cells infected by T. gondii in comparison with untreated or penicillin/streptomycin-treated ones. Enrofloxacin was more protective against T. gondii in HFF infected cells than sulfadiazine treatment (P<0.001). In addition, pyrimethamine, enrofloxacin or the associations of sulfadiazine plus pyrimethamine, enrofloxacin plus sulfadiazine or enrofloxacin plus pyrimethamine-treatments were able to reduce the plaque numbers in HFF cells infected by T. gondii when compared to medium, penicillin/streptomycin or sulfadiazine alone. In vivo experiments demonstrated that enrofloxacin diminished significantly the tissue parasitism as well as the inflammatory alterations in the brain of C. callosus infected with T. gondii when compared with untreated animals. Based on our findings, it can be concluded that enrofloxacin is a potential alternative drug for the treatment of toxoplasmosis.  相似文献   

Effect of vascularity of corpus luteum in progesterone production of mares     

Renata Cristina Uliani  Mateus José Sudano  Eunice Oba  Luciano Andrade Silva  Marco Antonio Alvarenga 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2012

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Effects of lactoferrin supplementation to milk- and caseinate-based extenders on sperm motility,membrane integrity and nitric oxide levels of cooled stallion semen     

H.S. Martins  M.R. Souza  C.F.A.M. Penna  G.C. da Silva  S.F. Côrtes  R. Stahlberg  M.F. Brito  M.A. Lagares 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2012

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Effect of nitric oxide enzyme (NOS) inhibition and effect of nitric oxide (NO) scavenger on motility patterns and hyperactivated population of cryopreserved equine sperm     

R.P. Arruda  D.F. Silva  A.F.C. Andrade  M.C. Caldas-Bussiere  M.A. Alonso  E.C.C. Celeghini  K.M. Lemes  H.F. Carvalho  S.A. Florez-Rodriguez 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2012

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The virB-encoded type IV secretion system is critical for establishment of infection and persistence of Brucella ovis infection in mice     

Sá JC  Silva TM  Costa EA  Silva AP  Tsolis RM  Paixão TA  Carvalho Neta AV  Santos RL 《Veterinary microbiology》2012,159(1-2):130-140

Brucella spp. are gram-negative intracellular bacterial pathogens that cause chronic infections. Brucella virulence factors include a type IV secretion system (T4SS) and its lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which are essential for persistence. However, the role of the virB-encoded T4SS has not been investigated in naturally rough Brucella species such as Brucella ovis. In this study, male 6-week old BALBc mice were infected with B. ovis, Brucella abortus, and their respective ΔvirB2 mutant strains. During early infection, B. ovis and B. abortus wild type strains were similarly recovered from spleen. Interestingly, in contrast to ΔvirB2 B. abortus that was recovered at similar levels when compared to the wild type strain, the ΔvirB2 B. ovis was markedly attenuated as early as 24h post infection (hpi). The ΔvirB2 B. ovis was unable to survive and multiply in murine peritoneal macrophages and extracellularly within the peritoneal cavity at 12 and 24 hpi with lower splenic colonization than the parental strain at 6, 12 and 24 hpi. In contrast, wild type B. abortus and ΔvirB2 B. abortus had a similar kinetics of infection in this model. As expected, the T4SS was essential for intracellular replication of smooth and rough strains in RAW macrophages at 48 hpi. These results suggest that T4SS is important for survival of B. ovis in murine model, and that a T4SS deficient B. ovis strain is cleared at earlier stages of infection when compared to a similar B. abortus mutant.  相似文献   

Effects of cyclophosphamide myelosuppression in adult dogs with latent canine herpesvirus-1 infection     

Mundy P  da Silva EC  Ledbetter EC 《Veterinary microbiology》2012,159(1-2):230-235

Latent canine herpesvirus-1 (CHV-1) infection is common in domestic dogs, but triggers for viral reactivation and recrudescent CHV-1 disease are poorly understood. Cyclophosphamide is a potent immunosuppressive and myelosuppressive agent used for the therapy of a variety of neoplastic and immune-mediated canine disorders. Cyclophosphamide (200mg/m(2)) was administered to mature dogs latently infected with CHV-1 to determine its potential to induce recurrent CHV-1 disease and viral shedding. Non-infected dogs and dogs recovered from experimental primary ocular CHV-1 infection with experimentally confirmed latent CHV-1 infection were divided into groups and administered cyclophosphamide or placebo. Dogs were monitored for myelosuppression and viral reactivation for 28days using clinical and virological outcome measures. Clinical ophthalmic and in vivo ocular confocal microscopic examinations were performed at intervals. Samples were collected for CHV-1 polymerase chain reaction (PCR), CHV-1 virus neutralizing (VN) antibody, and hemogram assays. Myelosuppression (i.e., decreased total leukocyte, segmented neutrophil, and erythrocyte counts) was detected on study day 7 in dogs administered cyclophosphamide, but not dogs administered placebo. There were no abnormalities suggestive of recurrent CHV-1 ocular disease during clinical ophthalmic or in vivo confocal microscopic examination in any dogs during the study. Ocular CHV-1 shedding was not detected by PCR and CHV-1 VN titers remained stable in all dogs. Following study conclusion, the presence of reactivatable latency was reconfirmed in the infected dogs by administering systemic prednisolone. Myelosuppression elicited by a single dose of cyclophosphamide does not result in detectable recurrent ocular CHV-1 infection in adult dogs with experimentally induced latent CHV-1 infection.  相似文献   

Multiple strains of Mycobacterium bovis revealed by molecular typing in a herd of cattle     

Figueiredo EE  Ramos DF  Medeiros L  Silvestre FG  Lilenbaum W  Silva JT  Paschoalin VM  Dellagostin OA 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2012,193(1):296-298

Mycobacterium bovis isolates from an outbreak of bovine tuberculosis in a herd of cattle in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were analysed by spoligotyping and variable-number tandem repeat PCR analysis of the mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit and exact tandem repeats. Molecular typing revealed a high genetic diversity of strains in the herd. The genetic diversity could be explained by the introduction of infected animals from different sources.  相似文献   

Plastinated heart slices aid echocardiographic interpretation in the dog     

Gómez A  Del Palacio JF  Latorre R  Henry RW  Sarriá R  Albors OL 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2012,53(2):197-203

Our aim was to compare plastinated sections of the canine heart with corresponding two-dimensional (2D) echocardiographic images. Thirteen dog hearts were fixed by dilation and then processed by the S10 silicon plastination method (Biodur). Two dogs without evidence of cardiac disease were imaged using 2D echocardiography so as to obtain a complete series of the standard right and left parasternal images, which were compared with corresponding plastinated slices obtained by knife sectioning of the hearts. The plastinated slices revealed the internal anatomy of the heart with great detail and were particularly useful to display the spatial relationship between complex anatomic structures. The plastinated slices corresponded accurately with the echocardiographic images. Because of the dilation of the right heart during the fixation process, it was not possible to obtain plastinated specimens in ventricular systole. This paper may be a reference atlas for assisting 2D echocardiography interpretation.  相似文献