Anthelmintic efficacy on Parascaris equorum in foals on Swedish studs     

Eva Osterman Lind  Dan Christensson 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2009,51(1):45

Background

In the last few years stud farms have experienced increasing problems with Parascaris equorum infections in foals despite intensive deworming programs. This has led to the question as to whether the anthelmintic drugs used against this parasite are failing. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of ivermectin, fenbendazole and pyrantel on the faecal output of ascarid eggs of foals.

Methods

A Faecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT) was performed on nine large studs in Sweden. Anthelmintic drugs were given orally and faecal samples were examined for ascarid eggs on the day of deworming and 14 days later. Faecal Egg Count Reductions (FECRs) were calculated on arithmetic means of transformed individual FECRs and on arithmetic means of individual FECRs.

Results

Seventy-nine (48%) out of a total of 165 foals sampled were positive for P. equorum eggs before deworming and 66 of these met the criteria for being used in the efficacy assessment. It was shown that there was no, or very low activity of ivermectin on the output of ascarid eggs in the majority of the foals, whereas for fenbendazole and pyrantel it was >90%.

Conclusion

Ivermectin resistance was shown in 5 out of 6 farms. Therefore, ivermectin should not be the drug of choice in the control of P. equorum infections in foals. According to the results of this study, fenbendazole or pyrantel are still effective and should be used against this parasite.  相似文献   

家禽繁育技术与公众舆论     

Rob Etches  张中霞  冯进一 《国外畜牧学(猪与禽)》2009,29(1):35-37

家禽的繁殖和选育可在任一年龄段进行。借助新技术,可以实现在不需要有许多鸡和历经多个世代的情况下,能够使种群的生产性能取得较大的进步。但是,误解和缺乏相关知识似乎成了这些新技术被消费者接受的屏障,但这不足以成为我们拒绝使用新技术的理由。  相似文献   

Participatory plant breeding approach for host plant resistance to bean fly in common bean under semi-arid Kenya conditions     

Pascal P. Okwiri Ojwang’  Rob Melis  Josephine M. Songa  Mwangi Githiri  Charles Bett 《Euphytica》2009,170(3):383-393

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most important legume crop in Kenya. It is cultivated across a wide range of agro-ecologies which include high potential and marginal areas. Eastern Kenya alone, largely semi-arid, accounts for 35% of the country’s total bean production. Bean farmers mainly small-scale have limited access to quality seed, chemical pesticides and fertilizer. Therefore, bean yield under on-farm conditions still remains below 500 kg ha⁻¹ while the potential is about 1,200 kg ha⁻¹ under semi-arid conditions. To asses the farmers’ views on bean varieties and a key insect pest and associated constraints contributing to yield loss, research was undertaken. The research included survey to quantify the yield loss and Participatory Rural Appraisal to determine the level of adoption and criteria for variety choice in semi-arid eastern Kenya (SAEK). The results show that farmers consider drought and insect pest problems as main causes for low yields. The adoption rate for improved varieties is high but self sufficiency in beans stands at 23% in the dry transitional (DT) agro-ecology and at 18% in the dry mid-altitude (DM) agro-ecology, respectively. This could be attributed to low adaptability since most of the improved varieties grown were selected for high potential areas but now found in marginal areas. Drought, earliness, yield stability, and insect pest resistance are the main reasons for choice of varieties by farmers. Bean fly (Ophiomyia sp.) was identified as one of the key crop pests of beans limiting yield. Besides, African bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) and bean aphid (Aphis fabae) were ranked higher. Due to limitations of the conventional breeding approach, a participatory plant breeding approach is suggested so as to provide an opportunity to develop insect pest resistant varieties adapted to the SAEK region.  相似文献   

Linking models for assessing agricultural land use change     

Sander Janssen  Ioannis N. AthanasiadisIrina Bezlepkina  Rob KnapenHongtao Li  Ignacio Pérez DomínguezAndrea Emilio Rizzoli  Martin K. van Ittersum 《Computers and Electronics in Agriculture》2011,76(2):148-160

The ex-ante assessment of the likely impacts of policy changes and technological innovations on agriculture can provide insight into policy effects on land use and other resources and inform discussion on the desirability of such changes. Integrated assessment and modeling (IAM) is an approach that can be used for ex-ante assessment. It may combine several quantitative models representing different processes and scales into a framework for integrated assessment to allow for multi scale analysis of environmental, economic and social issues. IAM is a challenging task as models from different disciplines have a different representation of data, space and time. The aim of this paper is to describe our strategy to conceptually, semantically and technically integrate a chain of models from different domains to assess land use changes. The models that were linked are based on different modeling techniques (e.g. optimization, simulation, estimation) and operate on different time and spatial scales. The conceptual integration to ensure consistent linkage of simulated processes and scales required modelers representing the different models to clarify the data exchanged and interlinking of modeling methodologies across scales. For semantic integration, ontologies provided a way to rigorously define conceptualizations that can be easily shared between various disciplines. Finally, for technical integration, OpenMI was used and supplemented with the information from ontologies. In our case, explicitly tackling the challenge of semantic, conceptual and technical integration of models forced researchers to clarify the assumptions of their model interfaces, which helped to document the model linkage and to efficiently run models together. The linked models can now easily be used for integrated assessments of policy changes, technological innovations and societal and biophysical changes.  相似文献   

Polyphasic characterization of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. allii associated with outbreaks of bacterial blight on three Allium species in the Mascarene archipelago     

Picard Y  Roumagnac P  Legrand D  Humeau L  Robène-Soustrade I  Chiroleu F  Gagnevin L  Pruvost O 《Phytopathology》2008,98(8):919-925

Based on the number of new reports during the last two decades, bacterial blight of onion (Allium cepa) is considered an emerging disease. The causal agent, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. allii, is pathogenic to several Allium species after inoculation, but outbreaks worldwide have been primarily reported on onion. We describe a unique epidemiological situation in Réunion Island, France, with concomitant outbreaks on three Allium species, onion, leek (A. porrum), and garlic (A. sativum). There was no host specialization within Allium spp. among strains associated with the three host species. Based on amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and restriction fragment length polymorphism, strains associated with these outbreaks in Réunion Island were highly related genetically to strains isolated from diseased plant samples and contaminated seed lots in the neighboring island of Mauritius, where the disease has occurred since 1984. All AFLP haplotypes were identified as X. axonopodis pv. allii based on polymerase chain reaction analysis using specific primers, biochemical tests, and/or pathogenicity tests. Two genetically related groups of strains (A and B) that can be distinguished by AFLP, differential utilization of three carbon sources, and xanthomonadin pigment production were detected initially after establishment of the pathogen. In less than 10 years after the establishment of the pathogen there was nearly an extinction of group A strains in Réunion Island, suggesting differences in fitness between strains in the two groups.  相似文献   

Preparation of gluten-free bread using a meso-structured whey protein particle system     

Lieke E. van Riemsdijk  Atze J. van der Goot  Rob J. Hamer  Remko M. Boom 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011

This article presents a novel method for making gluten-free bread using mesoscopically structured whey protein. The use of the meso-structured protein is based on the hypothesis that the gluten structure present in a developed wheat dough features a particle structure on a mesoscopic length scale (100 nm–100 μm). Whey protein particles were prepared by cold gelation of soluble whey protein aggregates during phase separation. The addition of a 2.4% whey protein particle suspension to wheat starch resulted in a dough that could be baked into a leavened bread with a specific volume up to 3.7 ml/g and a bubble size comparable with a normal bread. The relevance for structuring the whey protein into mesoscopic particles was confirmed by tests in which only a homogeneous whey protein gel or a whey protein solution was used. The protein particle system gave better results after proving and baking compared with these systems.  相似文献   

Inoculative release strategies of Macrolophus pygmaeus Rambur (Hemiptera: Miridae) in tomato crops: population dynamics and dispersal     

Moerkens  Rob  Berckmoes  Els  Van Damme  Veerle  Wittemans  Lieve  Tirry  Luc  Casteels  Hans  De Clercq  Patrick  De Vis  Raf 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2017,124(3):295-303

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Macrolophus pygmaeus Rambur (Hemiptera: Miridae) is a key biological control agent in greenhouse tomato crops. In the present study, we describe the...  相似文献   

PRINCIPLES OF EQUINE DENTISTRY     

Rob Pascoe 《Equine Veterinary Education》2010,22(9):480-480

  相似文献   

Salivary and fecal cortisol as measures of stress in horses     

Tamsin Hughes  Emma Creighton  Rob Coleman 《Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research》2010,5(1):59-60

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Managing outbreaks of invasive species: Eradication versus suppression     

Rob W. Fraser  John D. Mumford  Andy Wilby  Jeff K. Waage 《国际虫害防治杂志》2013,59(4):261-268

Abstract

A framework is developed to evaluate eradication as one of three alternative management responses to an outbreak of an invasive species: eradication, suppression or no action. This framework can be used to establish under what conditions an eradication option could provide an expected net economic benefit, and whether this net benefit exceeds that of the other two options. The eradication option is more likely to be preferred in situations where there is an immediate export benefit that is derived from eradication of the outbreak, and also the uncertainty associated with the likely success of eradication is low.  相似文献