What is your diagnosis? Nasopharyngeal mass in a cat     

Roberta Franchi  Walter Bertazzolo  Elisa Antoniazzi  Pierpaolo Romanelli  Silvia Benali 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2020,49(3):503-506

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Midazolam oxidation in cattle liver microsomes: The role of cytochrome P450 3A     

Alberto Nassi  Luigi Quintieri  Roberta Merlanti  Francesca Pezzato  Francesca Capolongo  Marianna Pauletto  Mauro Dacasto  Mery Giantin 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2020,43(6):608-613

In humans, the cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) subfamily is involved in midazolam (MDZ) biotransformation into 1′- and 4-hydroxy metabolites, and the former serves as a probe for CYP3A catalytic activity. In veterinary species is still crucial to identify enzyme- and species-specific CYP substrates; thus, the aim of this study was to characterize MDZ oxidation in cattle liver. A HPLC-UV method was used to measure 1′- and 4-hydroxy MDZ (1′- and 4-OHMDZ, respectively) formation in cattle liver microsomes and assess the role of CYP3A by an immunoinhibition study. Moreover, MDZ hydroxylation was evaluated in 300 cattle liver samples and results were correlated with testosterone hydroxylation. Formation of both metabolites conformed to a single-enzyme Michaelis–Menten kinetics. Values of V_max and K_m were 0.67 nmol/min/mg protein and 6.16 μM for 4-OHMDZ, and 0.06 nmol/min/mg protein and 10.08 μM for 1′-OHMDZ. An anti-rat CYP3A1 polyclonal antibody inhibited up to 50% and 94% 1′- and 4-OHMDZ formation, respectively. MDZ oxidation in liver microsomes was poorly correlated with testosterone hydroxylation. In conclusion, cattle metabolized MDZ to 1′-OHMDZ and 4-OHMDZ. The immunoinhibition results indicated a major contribution of CYP3As to 4-OHMDZ formation and the involvement of other CYPs in 1′-OHMDZ production, paving the way for further investigations.  相似文献   

The controversial histologic classification of canine subcutaneous whorling tumours: The path to perivascular wall tumours     

Giancarlo Avallone  Damiano Stefanello  Roberta Ferrari  Paola Roccabianca 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2020,18(1):3-8

Subcutaneous spindle cell tumours characterized by whorling growth patterns are common in dogs and are identified as a distinct entity. These tumours were misnamed as hemangiopericytomas (HPCs) because of some minor morphological parallels with their human counterparts. In veterinary medicine, the cell of origin of HPC has been under debate for a long time. Some authors have suggested a perivascular origin while others a perineural one. The evidence of the orientation of the neoplastic cells around the vessels and the expression of contractile proteins supported a perivascular origin while S100 expression and an inconsistent vascular connection supported a perineural origin. Despite the morphological similarities with peripheral nerve sheath tumours in humans, the perineural origin was supported mainly by the expression of markers with low specificity. On the contrary, the majority of studies have supported the perivascular origin of ‘old’ canine HPC. Since a variable degree of myoid‐pericytic differentiation was described, the term perivascular wall tumours (PWTs) were suggested to substitute HPC. Once the diagnostic criteria of PWTs were defined, the clinical behaviour and prognostic variables were investigated, demonstrating differences as compared with the group of canine soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) in general. PWTs are less aggressive, mostly locally invasive, and rarely metastasizing. Their behaviour seems to be less influenced by histological grade, suggesting that canine STSs are heterogeneous. The study of the biological behaviour of specific STS tumour types may be valuable in detecting differences which have passed unnoticed when STSs have been studied concomitantly.  相似文献   

IHHN Virus as an Etiological Factor in Runt-Deformity Syndrome (RDS) of Juvenile Penaeus vannamei Cultured in Hawaii   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Hector  Kalagayan David  Godin Roberta  Kanna Gerry  Hagino James  Sweeney James  Wyban James  Brock 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》1991,22(4):235-243

Runtdeformity syndrome (RDS) is an economically significant, frequent disease problem of cultured Penaeus vannamei . RDS is characterized by variable, often greatly reduced, growth rate of up to 30% of a cultured population and many shrimp with cuticle deformities of the rostrum, anterior appendages or other parts. The cause of RDS is undetermined.
Nursery trials comparing histologically IHHN-positive and histologically IHHN-negative Penaeus vannamei cultured under identical conditions were conducted at The Oceanic Institute. The IHHN-positive populations developed RDS symptoms including increased individual size variation, reduced population growth, and high prevalance of rostrum, antennae or cuticle deformity, while the IHHN-negative groups displayed none of these symptoms. No other diseases or parasites were identified in the IHHN-positive populations that would account for the RDS symptoms.
A single commercialele nursery was stocked with histologidly IHHN-positive P. vannamei and a high prevalence of RDS was observed. Shrimp growth was bimodal with a subpopulation growing normally and a subpopulation growing slowly. Significant relationships between shrimp harvest size and IHHN prevalance, selected individual organ IHHN severity grades and IHHN severity index (six organs evaluated) were found. Large, apparently normal shrimp were less severely infected with virus and did not display any cuticle deformities.
In sum, these data provide epidemiological and histopathological evidence for the hypothesis that infection by IHHN virus is the cause of RDS in cultured P. vannamei .  相似文献   

Habitat correlates of distribution and local population decline of the endemic Sardinian newt Euproctus platycephalus     

Roberta Lecis  Ken Norris 《Biological conservation》2004,115(2):303-317

Habitat-based statistical models relating patterns of presence and absence of species to habitat variables could be useful to resolve conservation-related problems and highlight the causes of population declines. In this paper, we apply such a modelling approach to an endemic amphibian, the Sardinian mountain newt Euproctus platycephalus, considered by IUCN a critically endangered species. Sardinian newts inhabit freshwater habitat in streams, small lakes and pools on the island of Sardinia (Italy). Reported declines of newt populations are not yet supported by quantitative data, however, they are perceived or suspected across the species' historical range. This study represents a first attempt trying to statistically relate habitat characteristics to Sardinian newt occurrence and persistence. Linear regression analysis revealed that newts are more likely to be found in sites with colder water temperature, less riparian vegetation and, marginally, absence of fish. The implications of the results for the conservation of the species are discussed, and suggestions for the short-term management of newt inhabited sites suggested.  相似文献   

Simple assay for analyzing five microcystins and nodularin in fish muscle tissue: hot water extraction followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry     

Bogialli S  Bruno M  Curini R  Di Corcia A  Laganá A  Mari B 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(17):6586-6592

A simple, specific, and sensitive procedure for determining six cyanotoxins, that is, microcystins RR, LR, YR, LA, and LW and nodularin, in fish muscle tissue is presented. This method is based on the matrix solid-phase dispersion technique with heated water as extractant followed by liquid chromatography (LC)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS) equipped with an electrospray ion source. Target compounds were extracted from tissue by 4 mL of water acidified to pH 2 and heated at 80 degrees C. After acidification and filtration, 0.2 mL of the aqueous extract was injected in the LC column. MS data acquisition was performed in the multireaction monitoring mode, with at least two precursor ion > product ion transitions selected for each target compound. Analyte recovery ranged between 61 and 82% and was not substantially affected by either the analyte concentrations or the type of fish. The nonexcellent recovery of some of the microcystins was traced to binding of these compounds to protein phosphatases in fish tissue occurring during sample treatment. The existence of covalently bound microcystins in fish has been evidenced by several studies. Compared to an older sample preparation procedure, this one extracted larger amounts of the analytes in a simpler and much more rapid way. On the basis of a signal-to-noise ratio of 10, limits of quantification were estimated to range between 1.6 and 4.0 ng/g. The effects of temperature and volume of the extractant on the analyte recovery were studied.  相似文献   

Comparison between auricular and standard rectal thermometers for the measurement of body temperature in dogs     

Sousa MG  Carareto R  Pereira-Junior VA  Aquino MC 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2011,52(4):403-406

Although the rectal mucosa remains the traditional site for measuring body temperature in dogs, an increasing number of clinicians have been using auricular temperature to estimate core body temperature. In this study, 88 mature healthy dogs had body temperatures measured with auricular and rectal thermometers. The mean temperature and confidence intervals were similar for each method, but Bland-Altman plots showed high biases and limits of agreement unacceptable for clinical purposes. The results indicate that auricular and rectal temperatures should not be interpreted interchangeably.  相似文献   

Rate of apoptosis in feline mammary tumors is not predictive of postsurgical survival.     

Giuseppe Sarli  Rosario Preziosi  Cinzia Benazzi  Roberta Bazzo  Luciana Mandrioli  Paolo Stefano Marcato 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2003,15(2):115-122

Invasion, cell proliferation and apoptosis are important biological features of neoplasia, bearing prognostic importance. Histological stage, mitotic index, and apoptotic index have been assessed in 33 feline malignant mammary tumors. Histological stage (P < 0.01) and mitotic index (P < 0.001) had a significant association with prognosis in univariate analysis. Apoptotic index did not correlate with survival (P = 0.44), and histological stage (P = 0.48) did not correlate with mitotic index (P = 0.39). In feline malignant mammary tumors the apoptotic index seems unable to predict survival and lacks any correlation with proliferation assessed as mitotic index. A possible explanation for the lack of correlation between apoptotic index and survival may be due to the rapid acquisition of pathways of apoptosis resistance in feline mammary tumors or to rapid hormone receptors loss.  相似文献   

Reproductive performance in South Australian dairy herds     

TD WILSON  DM MCLEAN†  CF SALTER†  BD BARTSCH† 《Australian veterinary journal》1994,71(3):75-77

SUMMARY Herd breeding records (161) were examined from a random 10% sample of dairy farms (96) in South Australia with more than 40 cows and suitable breeding records for 1988 and/or 1989. Of these farms, 53 (55.2%) had a year-round calving pattern, 42 (43.8%) claimed to be seasonal and one was changing from a year-round to a seasonal pattern. Only 14.6% of farmers observed oestrous behaviour outside milking times and 18.8% used tailpaint. Overall, the average proportion of unobserved heats was estimated to be 32%. Artificial insemination (AI) was carried out on 85.4% of farms (16.7% used AI alone and 68.7% also used bulls) of which 32.9% used commercial technicians and 67.1% were do-it-yourself operators. Overall, the average 30-day submission rate was 59.9% and the average 49-day non-return to service rate was 58.9%. Investigation into the probable causes of suboptimal reproductive performance gave a tentative diagnosis of inefficient oestrous detection, deferral of service, inadequate nutrition, poor AI technique, insufficient bulls, and venereal/other diseases in 69.1, 32.1, 27.2, 28.4, 13.6 and 7.4% of records, respectively.  相似文献   

Endoscopic bronchial anatomy in the cat     

Caccamo R  Twedt DC  Buracco P  McKiernan BC 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2007,9(2):140-149

The aim of this paper is to define the endoscopic bronchial anatomy of the cat and to adapt these findings to the bronchoscopic nomenclature previously described for the dog by Amis and McKiernan (Amis TC, McKiernan BC (1986) Systematic identification of endobronchial anatomy during bronchoscopy in the dog. American Journal of Veterinary Research 47(12), 2649-2657). In this study, the normal endoscopic bronchial anatomy was identified based on analysis of 10 air-dried feline lungs, two euthanased and eight healthy anesthetized cats using either a rigid or a flexible endoscope. Endoscopic photographs were taken during the examinations in the anesthetized cats for a photographic atlas. Corrosion casts were made from the 10 air-dried lungs to confirm the anatomy identified by bronchoscopy. With the results of our findings a bronchoscopic map of the feline bronchial tree and a photographic bronchoscopic atlas of the healthy cat were made.  相似文献