Somaclonal variation for some morphological traits, herb yield, essential oil content and essential oil composition in an Indian cultivar of rose-scented geranium   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

N. S. Ravindra    R. N. Kulkarni    M. C. Gayathri  S. Ramesh 《Plant Breeding》2004,123(1):84-86

Somaclonal variation for plant height, plant spread, leaf shape, leaf size, leaf form, herb yield, essential oil content and 10 important constituents of the essential oil was studied in an Indian cultivar, ‘Bourbon’ of rose‐scented geranium (Pelargonium graveolens). Significantly larger variance was observed among in vitro‐regenerated plants of the SC1 generation (first generation following an in vitro phase) than among parental plants raised from stem cuttings for herb yield, plant height, leaf size, essential oil content, and for the contents of cis‐rose oxide, trans‐rose oxide, isomenthone and 10‐epi‐γ‐eudesmol in the essential oil. Plants of the SC₁ generation showing values beyond the higher or lower limit (depending on the trait) of the range observed among parental plants for different traits were developed into clones by their multiplication through stem cuttings, and evaluated again in the SC₂ generation (second generation following the in vitro phase). Somaclones selected for plant spread, and for the contents of linalool and trans‐rose oxide in their essential oils did not breed true in the SC₂ generation. However, for the remaining traits studied, 13–100% of the selected clones retained their selected traits in the SC₂ generation, suggesting that the changes in these somaclones were due to genetic causes.  相似文献   

Smoke-Water and a Smoke-Isolated Butenolide Improve Germination and Seedling Vigour of Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter under High Temperature and Low Osmotic Potential     

H. M. Ghebrehiwot  M. G. Kulkarni  K. P. Kirkman  & J. Van Staden 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2008,194(4):270-277

The seeds of Eragrostis tef are often exposed to high temperatures and low water availability during unfavourable climatic conditions. This affects germination and seedling stand establishment of the crop. Smoke is currently widely studied for its stimulatory role in seed germination. The effect of smoke-water and a smoke-isolated butenolide was investigated on E. tef seed germination and seedling growth at different temperatures, light conditions and osmotic potentials. Treating E. tef seeds with smoke-water and butenolide increased the percentage germination relative to the control at all tested temperatures. These treatments significantly improved seedling length and the vigour index at 25, 30, 35 and 40 and 30/15 °C. Smoke-water and butenolide increased percentage imbibition from high to low osmotic potential. In comparison with the control, smoke-water- and butenolide-treated seeds of E. tef showed higher percentage germination with decreasing osmotic potential. Smoke-water treatment exhibited significantly longer and more vigorous seedlings than the control between 0 and −0.30 MPa osmotic potential. The findings of this study suggest the possibility of using smoke treatments for minimizing E. tef seedling losses at elevated temperatures and water stress.  相似文献   

Biotreatment of Melanoidin-Containing Distillery Spent Wash Effluent by Free and Immobilized Aspergillus oryzae MTCC 7691     

M. N. Chavan  N. D. Dandi  M. V. Kulkarni  A. B. Chaudhari 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2013,224(11):1-10

Humic acids (HA) are known as the precursors of carcinogenic compounds formed by the disinfection of drinking water. While conventional treatments were found to be inefficient HA removal processes in drinking water, advanced oxidation processes have been proven to have a significant effect in the treatment of HA. The degradation of HA was investigated using nano-sized zinc oxide (ZnO)/laponite composite (NZLC). The reactions occurred in a UVC reactor by considering following variables: pH, initial HA concentration, catalyst loading, addition of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and catalyst reuse. Water samples containing HA were analysed by ultraviolet/visible spectrophotometer and high-performance size-exclusion chromatography. Initial HA concentrations were tested by the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model with k and K _ads values, determined to be 0.126 mg/L.min and 0.0257 L/mg, respectively. The change in pH affected the HA degradation efficiency by the photocatalytic activity where it was higher under acidic conditions rather than alkaline ones. Optimal catalyst loading was proved to be a constrained factor in influencing the photocatalytic efficiency: the increase of catalyst concentration enhanced the HA decomposition efficiency up to an optimum value of 20 g/L, where there was no further degradation with excess loading. The addition of H₂O₂ was investigated through homogenous and heterogeneous photocatalysis, and, heterogeneous photocatalysis showed higher removal efficiency due to the combined effect of both catalysts and H₂O₂. Finally, NZLC was effective for reuse and exhibited an excellent stability after six times of usage.  相似文献   

The state and fate of Himalayan glaciers   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Bolch T  Kulkarni A  Kääb A  Huggel C  Paul F  Cogley JG  Frey H  Kargel JS  Fujita K  Scheel M  Bajracharya S  Stoffel M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,336(6079):310-314

Himalayan glaciers are a focus of public and scientific debate. Prevailing uncertainties are of major concern because some projections of their future have serious implications for water resources. Most Himalayan glaciers are losing mass at rates similar to glaciers elsewhere, except for emerging indications of stability or mass gain in the Karakoram. A poor understanding of the processes affecting them, combined with the diversity of climatic conditions and the extremes of topographical relief within the region, makes projections speculative. Nevertheless, it is unlikely that dramatic changes in total runoff will occur soon, although continuing shrinkage outside the Karakoram will increase the seasonality of runoff, affect irrigation and hydropower, and alter hazards.  相似文献   

Complete unilateral facial paralysis in a bullock     

K S Deshpande  P E Kulkarni 《The Indian veterinary journal》1967,44(10):893-895

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A note on successful treatment of unusual equine ringworm due to Trichophyton Tonsurans var sulfureum     

M P Kulkarni  P G Chaudhari 《The Indian veterinary journal》1969,46(5):444-446

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Hepatic superoxide dismutase activity in the mouse infected with Plasmodium berghei     

A B Kulkarni  D M Renapurkar  K D Sharma 《Folia parasitologica》1984,31(1):89-91

The effects of malarial infection, induced by infecting the mouse with Plasmodium berghei (30-40% parasitemia), on hepatic superoxide dismutase (SODs) were studied. Total SOD and Cu-Zn SOD activities were found to be significantly reduced. Mn SOD activity, however, was not found to be altered.  相似文献   

Equine ringworm caused by Trichophyton tonsurans var sulfureum     

V B Kulkarni  P G Choudhary  M P Kulkarni  M S Sasane 《The Indian veterinary journal》1969,46(3):215-218

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Assessment of the immune response to duck plague vaccinations     

D.D. Kulkarni  P.C. James  S. Sulochana 《Research in veterinary science》1998,64(3):199

An experiment was conducted to assess the immune responses of ducks to duck plague (DP) vaccinations employing one commercial and one laboratory-adapted (LA) DP vaccines. Virus neutralisation and leucocyte migration-inhibition tests were conducted at regular intervals before and after vaccinations. Similarly, ducks in vaccinated and control groups were subjected to challenge infection with virulent DP virus.The commercial vaccine yielded a poor immune response and partial protection on challenge whereas satisfactory responses were obtained in ducks receiving two doses of LA vaccine. The humoral as well as cellular factors were stimulated indicating possible involvement of both the immune responses in the protection from duck plague.  相似文献   

Cumene hydroperoxide-generated spectral interactions of piperonyl butoxide and other synergists with microsomes from mammals and insects     

Arun P. Kulkarni  Ernest Hodgson 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1978,9(1):75-83

Piperonyl butoxide-dependent formation of type III difference spectra and the resulting inhibition of carbon monoxide binding by microsomal cytochrome P-450 were investigated using a cumene hydroperoxide-supplemented reaction medium. Cumene hydroperoxide is capable of supporting the formation of type III spectra with piperonyl butoxide and microsomes from several different species. NADPH is not required in the presence of cumene hydroperoxide. Similarities and differences between NADPH- and cumene hydroperoxide-mediated reactions were noted. Comparative studies indicated that, as in mammals, insect microsomal cytochrome P-450 also possesses peroxidase activity. In addition to piperonyl butoxide, other methylenedioxyphenyl compounds such as sulfoxide, n-propyl isome, and sesamol also give rise to a similar spectral response in either NADPH- or cumene hydroperoxide-supplemented reaction media. The significance of the cumene hydroperoxide-dependent reaction in elucidating the mechanism of synergistic action of methylenedioxyphenyl compounds is discussed.  相似文献