Predator–prey systems of drifting seaweed communities offthe Tohoku coast, northern Japan, as determined by feeding habitanalysis of phytal animals     

MINORU  SANO  MICHIO  OMORI  KAZUYA  TANIGUCHI 《Fisheries Science》2003,69(2):260-268

ABSTRACT:   We collected phytal animals (fauna associated with drifting seaweeds)off the Tohoku coast in northern Japan in May and June 1994 to examine their feeding habits. Phytal animals were assignedto the following three feeding habit groups: (i) carnivores preyingon crustaceans: a gammarid ( Stenothoe sp.) and a decapodmegalops; (ii) omnivores feeding on crustaceans and pinnate diatoms:a cirripede ( Lepas anserifera ), three gammarids ( Calliopius sp., Jassaslatteryi and J. marmorata ), an isopod ( Idotea metallica ),a decapod crustacean ( Planes cyaneus ), a decapod megalopsand two caprellids ( Caprella penantis and Caprella mutica );and (iii) herbivores grazing on pinnate diatoms, fucoids and seaweedsother than fucoids: three gammarids ( Allorchestes angusta , Amphithoelacertosa and Perampithoe lindbergi ), an isopod ( Cymodocejaponica ) and a polychaete ( Platynereis bicanaliculata ).Pinnate diatoms in the gut contents were composed mainly of Licmophora spp., Navicula spp., Nitzschia spp.and Cocconeis spp. and seaweeds other than fucoids (i.e. Ectocarpussiliculosus and Sphacelaria furcigera ). The latter twoalgae seemed to be epiphytes on drifting seaweeds. These resultssuggest that phytal animals play an important role in drifting seaweed communitiesthrough trophic linkage with two primary producers (i.e. driftingseaweeds and the epiphytes growing on them).  相似文献   

Coincidental detection of genomes of porcine parvoviruses and porcine circovirus type 2 infecting pigs in Japan     

Prayuth SAEKHOW  Shingo KISHIZUKA  Natsuha SANO  Hiroko MITSUI  Hajime AKASAKI  Takahiro MAWATARI  Hidetoshi IKEDA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(12):1581-1586

The infection status of 15 viruses in 120 pigs aged about 6 months was investigated based on tonsil specimens collected from a slaughterhouse. Only 5 species of porcine parvoviruses and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) were detected at high frequencies; 67% for porcine parvovirus (PPV) (PPV-Kr or -NADL2 as the new abbreviation), 58% for PPV2 (CnP-PARV4), 39% for PPV3 (P-PARV4), 33% for PPV4 (PPV4), 55% for PBo-likeV (PBoV7) and 80% for PCV2. A phylogenetic analysis of PPV3 suggested that Japanese PPV3s showed a slight variation, and possibly, there were farms harboring homogeneous or heterogeneous PPV3s. Statistical analyses indicated that the detection of PCV2 was significantly coincidental with each detection of PPV, PPV2 and PPV3, and PPV and PPV4 were also coincidentally detected. The concurrent infection with PCV2 and porcine parvoviruses in the subclinically infected pigs may resemble the infection status of pigs with the clinical manifestations of porcine circovirus associated disease which occurs in 3–5 months old pigs and is thought to be primarily caused by the PCV2 infection.  相似文献   

Potential role of hCG in apoptosis of human luteinized granulosa cells     

Rei HIRATA  Takuo HOJO  Masahiro SANO  Nobuyoshi HAYASHI  Kiyoshi OKUDA 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2015,61(1):67-73

The corpus luteum (CL) forms after ovulation and acts as a temporary endocrine gland that produces progesterone (P4), a hormone that is essential for implantation and maintenance of pregnancy in mammals. In pregnant women, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) secreted by the conceptus prevents luteolysis. hCG also increases the survival of cultured human luteinized granulosa cells (hLGCs). To clarify the maintenance mechanism of the human CL, we investigated the effects of hCG and P4 receptor antagonists, onapristone (OP) and RU486, on the viability of hLGCs. With the patients’ consent, hLGCs were isolated from follicular aspirates for in vitro fertilization. The cells were cultured with hCG (0.1, 1, 10, 100 IU/ml), OP (10, 25, 50, 100 μM), RU486 (100 μM), P4 (1, 10, 25, 50 μM) or some combination of the four for 24 h. Cell viability was significantly increased by hCG (100 IU/ml) and significantly decreased by OP (100 μM) compared with the control. Cells treated with hCG and OP together were significantly less viable than the control and OP-treated cells. The combined treatment also significantly increased CASP3 activity and cleaved CASP3 protein expression. Furthermore, P4 addition reversed the reduction in cell viability caused by the combination of hCG and OP treatment. The overall findings suggest that hCG cooperates with P4 to increase survival of hLGCs and to induce apoptosis when P4 action supported by hCG is attenuated in the human CL.  相似文献   

Virulence of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus is associated with the larger RNA segment (RNA segment A)     

M. SANO  N. OKAMOTO  H. FUKUDA  M. SANEYOSHI  T. SANO 《Journal of fish diseases》1992,15(4):283-293

Abstract. Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) contains two segments of double- stranded RNA (the larger RNA segment, A; and a smaller RNA segment, B). The IPNV- Buhl isolate belongs to the VR299 serotype, and eel virus European (EVE) is serologically the same as the Ab serotype. IPNV-Buhl is virulent to rainbow trout fry, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), whereas EVE is avirulent. To determine the genetic basis for the difference of the virulence, intertypic reassortants were made between IPNV-Buhl and EVE. The reassortants with the genotypes of P/E (segment A of IPNV-Buhl and segment B of EVE) and E/P (segment A of EVE and segment B of IPNV-Buhl) were studied for their pathogenicity to rainbow trout fry. The P/E reassortant was highly virulent, similar to the IPNV-Buhl parent (P/P), while the E/P reassortant was avirulent, as was the EVE parent (E/E). A high level of viral replication was observed in almost all organs of the fry infected with the P/E reassortant and the IPNV-Buhl parent. In contrast, viral replication was restricted to the epidermal cells of the fry infected with the E/P reassortant and the EVE parent. The results demonstrate that the larger RNA segment (RNA segment A) of IPNV is related to cell tropism in vivo and is responsible for virulence in rainbow trout fry.  相似文献   

Detection of novel kobu-like viruses in Japanese black cattle in Japan     

Konosuke OTOMARU  Yuki NAOI  Kei HAGA  Tsutomu OMATSU  Takehiko UTO  Motoya KOIZUMI  Tsuneyuki MASUDA  Hiroshi YAMASATO  Hikaru TAKAI  Hiroshi AOKI  Shinobu TSUCHIAKA  Kaori SANO  Sachiko OKAZAKI  Yukie KATAYAMA  Mami OBA  Tetsuya FURUYA  Junsuke SHIRAI  Kazuhiko KATAYAMA  Tetsuya MIZUTANI  Makoto NAGAI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2016,78(2):321-324

During surveillance for bovine diarrhea of unknown causes in Japanese black cattle in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan, we found two types of novel kobu-like viruses in fecal samples of calves. Sequence analyses revealed that they had L protein and 2A protein with H-box/NC sequence motif, which are present in kobuviruses. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that they were related to kobuviruses; however, they clustered apart from other kobuviruses. In the prevalence study of two types of novel kobu-like viruses, 16.9% and 10.4% prevalence of these viruses were observed in the feces of diarrheal calves in this area.  相似文献   

The luteotrophic function of galectin-1 by binding to the glycans on vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 in bovine luteal cells     

Masahiro SANO  Kazuhisa HASHIBA  Junko NIO-KOBAYASHI  Kiyoshi OKUDA 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2015,61(5):439-448

The corpus luteum (CL) is a temporary endocrine gland producing a large amount of progesterone, which is essential for the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. Galectin-1 is a β-galactose-binding protein that can modify functions of membrane glycoproteins and is expressed in the CL of mice and women. However, the physiological role of galectin-1 in the CL is unclear. In the present study, we investigated the expression and localization of galectin-1 in the bovine CL and the effect of galectin-1 on cultured luteal steroidogenic cells (LSCs) with special reference to its binding to the glycans on vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2). Galectin-1 protein was highly expressed at the mid and late luteal stages in the membrane fraction of bovine CL tissue and was localized to the surface of LSCs in a carbohydrate-dependent manner. Galectin-1 increased the viability in cultured LSCs. However, the viability of LSCs was decreased by addition of β-lactose, a competitive carbohydrate inhibitor of galectin-1 binding activity. VEGFR-2 protein, like galectin-1, is also highly expressed in the mid CL, and it was modified by multi-antennary glycans, which can be recognized by galectin-1. An overlay assay using biotinylated galectin-1 revealed that galectin-1 directly binds to asparagine-linked glycans (N-glycans) on VEGFR-2. Enhancement of LSC viability by galectin-1 was suppressed by a selective inhibitor of VEGFR-2. The overall findings suggest that galectin-1 plays a role as a survival factor in the bovine CL, possibly by binding to N-glycans on VEGFR-2.  相似文献   

Mediastinal basaloid carcinoma arising from thymic cysts in two dogs     

Yuto SANO  Kanae SEKI  Kenjirou MIYOSHI  Toshikazu SAKAI  Tsuyoshi KADOSAWA  Kazuya MATSUDA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(5):876

Mediastinal masses in dogs were diagnosed as basaloid carcinoma associated with multiple thymic cysts (MTCs). The masses were composed of MTCs and proliferating intracystic neoplastic basaloid cells, which immunohistochemically diffusely expressed p63 and cytokeratin 19. A gradual transition from the basal cell layers lining the cysts walls to the neoplastic cells was seen, and it was indicated that the neoplastic cells had originated from the basal cell layers of the cysts. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of basaloid carcinoma occurring in the mediastinal cavity in dogs. Although these tumors were demonstrated to be rare origins, basaloid carcinoma should be included in the differential diagnoses for canine mediastinal tumors.  相似文献   

Sperm whales associated with Gulf Stream features off the north-eastern USA shelf   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

GORDON T. WARING  CAROL P. FAIRFIELD  CYNTHIA M. RUHSAM  MARGARET SANO 《Fisheries Oceanography》1993,2(2):101-105

Marine mammal surveys were conducted during sum Mer 1990 and 1991 in shelf-edge and off-shelf waters between Cape Hatteras and Georges Bank. Sperm whales were the most frequently sighted large whale in both years, constituting 27.9% and 12.7% of total sightings in 1990 and 1991, respectively. Sighting rates of sperm whales that were within a 9.3 km buffer (5 n.m.) of the Gulf Stream north wall were not significantly different (x²= 2.86, P > 0.05) from those within the Gulf Stream during 1990. In 1991, however, significantly more (x²= 51.0, P < 0.05) sightings were associated with shelf-edge areas where warm core rings were located.  相似文献   

THE CATEGORIES OF ALUMINIUM- AND IRON-HUMUS COMPLEXES IN ANDO SOILS DETERMINED BY SELECTIVE DISSOLUTION   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

KOJI WADA  TERUO HIGASHI 《European Journal of Soil Science》1976,27(3):357-368

Thirty-three samples of Ando soils were extracted by sodium pyrophosphate (O.IM; pH 10) and by dithionite-citrate. The Al, Fe, and C contents of these two extracts offer a means of differentiating the status of humus in relation to Al and Fe in the different horizons. The humus that forms at first in the Al horizon has a very low complexing ability for Al and Fe and little is dissolved by pyrophosphate. The humus evolves with time or pedogenesis into forms that complex Al and Fe released from volcanic ash by weathering, and which are dissolved by pyrophosphate. In the old horizons, the humus further reacts with additional Al and Fe, some of which may be present as hydrous oxides or allophane-like constituents, allophane and imogolite. This reaction probably makes the humus less soluble in pyrophosphate.  相似文献   

Allele‐specific PCR typing and sequencing of the mitochondrial D‐loop region in four layer breeds     

Takashi HARUMI  Akiko SANO  Takeo MINEMATSU  Mitsuru NAITO 《Animal Science Journal》2011,82(2):223-226

This study aimed to investigate the ability of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) haplotypes in chicken mtDNA for presumption of the origins of chicken meat. We typed five SNPs of the D‐loop region in mtDNA by allele‐specific PCR (AS‐PCR) in 556 hens, that is 233 White Leghorn (WL), 50 Dekalb‐TX35 (D‐TX), 140 Barred Plymouth Rock (BPR) and 133 Rhode Island Red (RIR) kept in the National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science (NILGS, Tsukuba, Japan). Five haplotypes were observed among those chickens by AS‐PCR. WL, D‐TX, BPR and RIR displayed three, two, one and four SNP haplotypes, respectively. By a combination of the haplotypes by AS‐PCR and the breeds, these chickens were classified into 10 groups. After the D‐loop was sequenced in two chickens from every group (20 individuals), 15 SNP sites (including one insertion) and eight sequence haplotypes were observed. In conclusion, haplotype variation was observed in and among the layer breeds of the NILGS. This study demonstrates that SNP haplotypes in mtDNA should be appropriate for the presumption of the origins of chicken meat.  相似文献