Vis/NIR spectroscopy and chemometrics for the prediction of soluble solids content and acidity (pH) of kiwifruit     

Ali Moghimi  Mohammad H. Aghkhani  Ameneh Sazgarnia  Majid Sarmad 《Biosystems Engineering》2010,106(3):295-302

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Biodegradation of Synthetic Dyes—A Review     

Hazrat Ali 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2010,212(1-4):251-273

The upper Great Egg Harbor River watershed in New Jersey’s Coastal Plain is urbanized but extensive freshwater wetlands are present downstream. In 2006–2007, studies to assess levels of total mercury (THg) found concentrations in unfiltered streamwater to range as high as 187 ng/L in urbanized areas. THg concentrations were <20 ng/L in streamwater in forested/wetlands areas where both THg and dissolved organic carbon concentrations tended to increase while pH and concentrations of dissolved oxygen and nitrate decreased with flushing of soils after rain. Most of the river’s flow comes from groundwater seepage; unfiltered groundwater samples contained up to 177 ng/L of THg in urban areas where there is a history of well water with THg that exceeds the drinking water standard (2,000 ng/L). THg concentrations were lower (<25 ng/L) in unfiltered groundwater from downstream wetland areas. In addition to higher THg concentrations (mostly particulate), concentrations of chloride were higher in streamwater and groundwater from urban areas than in those from downstream wetland areas. Methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations in unfiltered streamwater ranged from 0.17 ng/L at a forest/wetlands site to 2.94 ng/L at an urban site. The percentage of THg present as MeHg increased as the percentage of forest + wetlands increased, but also was high in some urban areas. MeHg was detected only in groundwater <1 m below the water/sediment interface. Atmospheric deposition is presumed to be the main source of Hg to the wetlands and also may be a source to groundwater, where wastewater inputs in urban areas are hypothesized to mobilize Hg deposited to soils.  相似文献   

Assessment of the Pollution from Tannery Effluents upon Waters and Soils in and Around Kula Vicinity, Turkey   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Gültekin Tarcan  Görkem Akıncı  M. Ali Danışman 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2010,213(1-4):199-210

More than 50 tanneries are operated in Kula, Turkey which is located on highly permeable geological units. The untreated effluents from the tanneries discharged onto the ground surface may cause pollution in surface waters, in groundwater, and in soil. Since the water resources of the region are used for drinking, agricultural, and industrial purposes, the quality assessment of groundwaters and surface waters is completed in the content of this study. Additionally, the surface soil samples are analyzed for their heavy metal content to describe the size of the pollution. The results obtained from the analysis of the water samples show that the concentrations are mostly within drinking water limits. But, concentrations are expected to increase in the next years as no effective effluent collection and treatment is present in the tanneries. Although the concentrations of K, SO₄, Mg, Na, and Cl exceed the permissible limits for drinking water in some cases, they may not directly be caused by tannery activities. Nevertheless, they should be assessed as an indicator of the beginning of groundwater pollution. Also, soil samples collected near the tannery district are extremely polluted. This paper discusses the assessment of the geochemical dispersals of Cr and other pollutants derived from the tannery activities within soil and water in Kula.  相似文献   

Mycoplasma mastitis in dairy cattle herds in Saudi Arabia     

Al-Abdullah HA  Fadl EA 《The Veterinary record》2006,159(3):88-89

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A new iridoid glycoside from Linaria genestifolia     

Ahmad VU  Kousar F  Zubair M  Khan A  Ali MS  Choudhary MI  Sener B 《Fitoterapia》2006,77(1):12-14

A new iridoid glycoside named genestifolioside (1) was isolated from the ethanol extract of Linaria genestifolia. Its structure was defined by spectral analysis.  相似文献   

Caspases 3 and 7: key mediators of mitochondrial events of apoptosis     

Lakhani SA  Masud A  Kuida K  Porter GA  Booth CJ  Mehal WZ  Inayat I  Flavell RA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,311(5762):847-851

The current model of apoptosis holds that upstream signals lead to activation of downstream effector caspases. We generated mice deficient in the two effectors, caspase 3 and caspase 7, which died immediately after birth with defects in cardiac development. Fibroblasts lacking both enzymes were highly resistant to both mitochondrial and death receptor-mediated apoptosis, displayed preservation of mitochondrial membrane potential, and had defective nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). Furthermore, the early apoptotic events of Bax translocation and cytochrome c release were also delayed. We conclude that caspases 3 and 7 are critical mediators of mitochondrial events of apoptosis.  相似文献   

A Recessive Allele (tgr-1) Conditioning Tomato Resistance to Geminivirus Infection Is Associated with Impaired Viral Movement     

Bian XY  Thomas MR  Rasheed MS  Saeed M  Hanson P  De Barro PJ  Rezaian MA 《Phytopathology》2007,97(8):930-937

ABSTRACT Begomoviruses (the family Geminiviridae) are transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci and contain monopartite or bipartite circular single-stranded (ss)DNA genomes. They have emerged as severe problems in the production of agricultural and horticultural crops worldwide. Here, we report the identification of a tomato breeding line, FLA653, that confers a high level of resistance to Tomato leaf curl virus (TLCV, monopartite). Genetic analysis indicated that the resistance is controlled by a single recessive allele named tgr-1, which is in contrast to previous reports that multiple genetic factors are involved in tomato resistance to begomoviruses. Particle bombardment of an infectious TLCV DNA construct into the detached leaves of FLA653 resulted in the viral replication, but the viral ssDNA accumulated at a much lower level than that in susceptible controls. In situ localization of TLCV in the bombarded leaves suggests that tgr-1 impaired TLCV movement, raising the possibility that it may specify a host factor essential for viral systematic infection. This makes tgr-1 a strong candidate for developing resistance in major crops carrying the gene homologue.  相似文献   

Predicting perchlorate exposure in milk from concentrations in dairy feed     

Rice CP  Baldwin Vi RL  Abbott LC  Hapeman CJ  Capuco AV  Le A  Bialek-Kalinski K  Bannerman DD  Hare WR  Paape MJ  McCarty GW  Kauf AC  Sadeghi AM  Starr JL  McConnell LL  Van Tassell CP 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(21):8806-8813

Perchlorate has been detected in U.S. milk samples from many different states. Applying data from a recently reported 9-week experiment in which 16 Holstein dairy cows were administered perchlorate allowed us to derive an equation for the dose-response relationship between perchlorate concentrations in feed/drinking water and its appearance in milk. Examination of background concentrations of perchlorate in the total mixed ration (TMR) fed in addition to the variable dose supplied to treated cows as a ruminal infusate revealed that cows receive significant and variable exposure to perchlorate from the TMR. Weekly examination of the TMR disclosed that a change in ingredients midway through the experiment caused a significant (78%) change in TMR perchlorate concentration. Analyses of the ingredients comprising the TMR revealed that 41.9% of the perchlorate came from corn silage, 22.9% came from alfalfa hay and 11.7% was supplied by sudan grass. Finally, USDA Food and Nutrition Survey data on fluid milk consumption were used to predict potential human exposure from milk that contained concentrations of perchlorate observed in our previous dosing study. The study suggests that reducing perchlorate concentration in dairy feed may reduce perchlorate concentrations in milk as well as the potential to reduce human exposure to perchlorate in milk.  相似文献   

Influence of flavonols as in vitro on low density lipoprotein glycation     

Ghaffari MA  Mojab S 《Iranian Biomedical Journal》2007,11(3):185-191

INTRODUCTION: The non-enzymatic glycation of Low density lipoprotein (LDL) is a naturally occurring chemical modification of apolipoprotein B as a result of condensation between lysine residues and glucose. Glycated LDL is poorly recognized by LDL receptors and initiates different processes that can be considered proatherogenic. Thus, LDL glycation may contribute in the increased atherosclerotic risk of patients with diabetes. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of naturally occurring flavonols on LDL glycation in vitro. METHODS: In this study, LDL was isolated from EDTA-plasma by ultracentrifugation using a single step discontinuous gradient. Then, glucose was added to LDL and LDL glycation level was estimated in absence and presence of flavonols by sodium periodate assay. RESULTS: This study was showed that five flavonols: quercetin, myricetin, kaempferol, rutin and morin decreased LDL glycation in a dose-dependent manner. Also, it was demonstrated this nutrients decreased electrophoretic mobility of glycated LDL. CONCLUSION: The results of this investigation show that flavonols probably with their antioxidant properties inhibited LDL glycation and thus may have a role in ameliorating atherosclerotic risk of patients with diabetes mellitus.  相似文献   

Antibody seroprevalences against Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) virus in sheep and goats in Sudan     

Nussieba A. Osman  A. S. Ali  Mahasin E. A/Rahman  M. A. Fadol 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(7):1449-1453

Counter immnuo-electrophoresis (CIEP) and Competitive ELISA (C-ELISA) tests were employed for seroprevalence of Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) infection in Sudan. The result of both tests showed high prevalence of PPRV antibodies in sheep and goats sera collected from six different regions of Sudan. Of the 519 serum samples examined for the presence of PPRV antibodies 307(59.15%) were positive by CIEP while 263(50.67%) were positive by C-ELISA. CIEP technique was shown to be more sensitive than C-ELISA technique for detection of PPRV antibodies (Kappa statistics 0.259). C-ELISA allowed rapid, simple, specific, sensitive and differential sero-diagnosis of PPRV and RPV in sheep, goats and cattle. CIEP is, unlike competitive ELISA, is group-specific test and can not differentiate between PPR and RP infections. Despite its low specificity CIEP can be a useful indicative screening test for PPRV antibodies in flocks that neither been vaccinated nor otherwise exposed to PPR or RP virus. Results obtained suggest that CIEP, like the HI test, could be a useful screening test where it is not possible to use C-ELISA.  相似文献