Differential response of rice seedlings to salt stress in relation to antioxidant enzyme activity and membrane stability index     

P. Senguttuvel  C. Vijayalakshmi  K. Thiyagarajan  R. Sritharan  S. Geetha  J.R. KannanBapu 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(10):1359-1371

Three rice genotypes, IR 74802, IR 73104 and IR 72593, along with FL 478 and IR 29 as resistant and susceptible controls, respectively, were subjected to 21 days' salinity stress at the seedling stage in modified yoshida solution with two salt levels (60 and 120 mM NaCl). The results indicated that there was a profound increase in proline and ascorbic acid levels, and in the activity of nitrate reductase and antioxidant enzymes, i.e. catalase, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase, as well as malondialdhyde and membrane stability index, which were associated with salt tolerance. Salt stress had a significant and drastic effect on all parameters when the salinity level increased to 120 mM NaCl. The increased enzyme activity was directly related to an increased membrane stability index, as in IR 72593, which is identified as the most tolerant among the genotypes tested. It is clearly confirmed that predicting tolerance at the early seedling stage is the best way to assess the salinity tolerance level by utilizing physiological parameters, especially antioxidant enzyme activities which are found to be closely associated with salinity tolerance. Physiological adaptation of the plant to NaCl salt stress resulted in enhanced activity of stress-related enzymes and low sodium uptake in tolerant genotypes.  相似文献   

Mathematical model of mechanical behaviour of Jatropha curcas L. seeds under compression loading     

David Herak  Abraham Kabutey  Monika Divisova  Satya Simanjuntak 《Biosystems Engineering》2013,114(3):279-288

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Standardization of harvesting age of bamboo shoots with respect to nutritional and anti-nutritional components     

Ashok K. Pandey  Vijayalakshmi Ojha 《林业研究》2013,24(1):83-90

Bamboo shoots can be harvested at different ages but the data on the changes in nutritional composition with age are scanty. We standardized harvesting age of bamboo shoots in central India to obtain best quality produce with respect to nutritional composition. The shoots harvested on different days (2 20 days after emergence from ground) were analyzed for their nutritional (dietary fibres, carbohydrates, proteins, total phenols, ascorbic acid, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and phenolic acids) and anti nutritional (cyanogen) constituents. A significant variation (at p≤0.5) was observed in the nutritional composition of shoots of Dendrocalamus asper, D. strictus and Bambusa tulda harvested at different days. An overall decrease was observed in proteins and total phenols while dietary fibres and carbohydrates increased with ages. Significant variation (at p≤0.5) was also observed in phenolic acids while minerals did not vary significantly. Results revealed that the optimum harvesting age for D. asper, D. strictus and B. tulda was on 10 14 days, 6 10 days and 10 16 days (after emergence from the ground) respectively. These results can be used to obtain quality bamboo shoots.  相似文献   

ISSR polymorphism in Indian wild orange (Citrus indica Tanaka,Rutaceae) and related wild species in North-east India     

Susheel Kumar  Satya Narayan JenaNarayanan K. Nair 《Scientia Horticulturae》2010

Inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) polymorphism in Citrus indica Tanaka (Rutaceae), an endemic and threatened wild species, was examined along with three other closely related wild taxa (C. medica L., C. latipes (Swingle) Tanaka, and C. sp. ‘Memang athur’) by analyzing 53 representative accessions sampled from North-east India. Jaccard's similarity values among 53 accessions of Citrus ranged from 0.46 to 0.97 (average = 0.75). Genetic similarity values among all the 34 accessions of C. indica were found in the range of 0.82 to 0.97 with an average of 0.90. Heterozygosity (Ht = 0.123) and Shannon's information index (I = 0.188) values estimated for C. indica revealed significantly low level of genetic variation within the species. UPGMA dendrogram grouped all 53 accessions of Citrus into four major clusters: Cluster I – C. latipes; Cluster II – C. medica; Cluster III – ‘Memang athur’ and Cluster IV – C. indica. The dendrogram placed all the 34 accessions of C. indica in five sub-clusters under Cluster IV. The placement of C. indica accessions in various sub-clusters and groups in the dendrogram was based on molecular differentiation of individual accessions rather than their geographical origin. Very low genetic diversity and destruction of its natural habitat pose serious threat to C. indica even in the Citrus Gene Sanctuary in Nokrek Biosphere Reserve (NBR) in Meghalaya. Low genetic variability, heterozygosity and Shannon's information index in C. medica, C. latipes and ‘Memang athur’ are also concerns that need to be addressed for developing appropriate strategies to conserve the genetic diversity extant in these valuable genetic resources.  相似文献   

Effect of zinc application methods on apparent utilization efficiency of zinc and potassium fertilizers under rice-wheat rotation     

Prakash Chandra Srivastava  Uzma Ilias Ansari  Satya Pratap Pachauri  Arvind Kumar Tyagi 《Journal of plant nutrition》2016,39(3):348-364

Apparent utilization of zinc (Zn) and potassium (K) fertilizers was examined in rice (Oryza sativa L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using combinations of no K; soil applied K levels and no Zn; soil and foliar applied Zn. Application of 33.2 kg K ha^?1 in rice and 24.9 kg K ha^?1 in wheat along with foliar spray of 2 kg Zn ha^?1 at 30 and 60 days gave the highest mean grain yields. Foliar application of zinc increased Zn concentration in flag leaves, grain, and straw of rice and wheat and K concentration in flag leaves of rice and straw of wheat significantly. Potassium application increased Zn concentration in rice grain and straw and K concentration in wheat straw significantly. Zinc and K increased the uptake of each other in grain; straw and total uptake by both crops significantly. Zinc fertilizer enhanced the utilization of soil K. Potassium fertilizer enhanced the utilization of applied Zn.  相似文献   

Naturally occurring auxins and inhibitor and their role in fruit growth and drop of mango ‘Dashehari’     

Satya Prakash  Sant Ram 《Scientia Horticulturae》1984,22(3):241-248

The pattern of fruit growth in mango ‘Dashehari’ (Mangifera indica L.) was sigmoid. Pollinated ovaries and young fruits dropped in two main waves: 0–14 days and 28–35 days. A third wave, a mild one, was continuous and irregular from 35 days after pollination to maturity of the fruit.One acidic and one non-acidic auxin and one acidic inhibitor were detected in the immature fruit. The increase in the levels of auxin corresponded with a period of rapid fruit growth, while high levels of inhibitor tended to correspond with a high rate of fruit drop from pollination to 42 days. The auxins appear to play a major role in the growth of the fruit, whereas the inhibitor appears to cause fruit drop.  相似文献   

Effect of organic foliar spray with pulse sprout extract on seed yield and quality of rice (Oryza sativa)     

Vijayalakshmi Veerappan  Jayanthi Mannar 《Journal of plant nutrition》2019,42(8):900-914

Organic seed is the basic for organic agriculture, since it is a crucial link in the chain from research, breeding, seed production, to organic production. With organic seeds the grower can complete the chain of organic input. To develop an organic foliar spray technique and for organic seed production, experiments were carried out to study the effect of organic foliar spray with pulse sprout extract on rice. In this study, horse gram and cowpea, the unexploited legumes of the tropics with high nutritional quality and comparatively low cost were used for preparing the pulse sprout extracts, an organic foliar spraying material. Higher accumulation of bioactive substances in sprouted seeds offers immense scope to develop an inexpensive and effective organic foliar spray technology so as to achieve better crop growth and higher seed yield of rice, the major staple food of the world. The biochemical analysis was done in both extracts to estimate the total antioxidants activity, soluble protein content, total soluble sugars, ascorbic acid content and minerals like nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, iron and zinc. Subsequently, the effect of pulse sprout extract spray in improving crop growth, tillering, productivity, and resultant seed quality of was studied by spraying on the parental lines of rice hybrid CORH3 (A, B and R lines) and rice variety CR 1009. The experiment consisted of four trials. In the first trial, four concentrations of pulse extract (1, 2, 3, and 4%) were evaluated in the R line (medium duration variety) of CORH3 (medium duration). In the subsequent trials, the best concentrations (2 and 3% for horse gram and 1 and 2% for cowpea), determined from the first trial, were evaluated again in two medium duration lines of B line multiplication (AXB) and hybrid seed production (AxR). The fourth trial was done with a long duration variety namely CR 1009. Spraying of pulse sprout extract significantly improved majority of the growth and yield attributes culminating in significantly higher seed yield, in all the four trials. The study firmly revealed foliar sprays with either 3% horse gram sprout extracts or 2% cow pea sprout extract during active tillering and seed filling stages of rice crop, can significantly increase the growth and yield attributes, eventually resulting in higher seed yield, irrespective of the cultivars. It could be concluded that foliar spraying of 3% horse gram sprout extract or 2% cow pea sprout extract at active tillering stage and seed filling enhances seed yield attributes and yield in rice.  相似文献   

Inland saline aquaculture increased carbon accumulation rate and stability in pond sediments under semi-arid climate     

Aralappanavar  Vijay Kumar  Bharti  Vidya Shree  Mukhopadhyay  Raj  Prakash  Satya  Harikrishna  Vungarala  Bhuvaneswari  Govindarajan Rathi  Tripathi  Gayatri  Krishna  Gopal  Sarkar  Binoy 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2022,22(2):672-681

Purpose

Similar to fresh- and brackish water aquaculture ponds, commercial shrimp farming in degraded saline areas holds the potential to bury carbon (C) in the sediments. However, studies on the mechanisms of sediment C dynamics and C-flux in response to inland saline aquaculture management practices are still scarce. Therefore, the objectives of the present study are to quantify the C burial rate in inland saline aquaculture ponds and assess the impact of inland saline aquaculture on sensitive C fractions in the bottom sediment of the ponds.

Materials and methods

The sediment samples (n?=?12 from each pond) were collected from six shrimp farming ponds (1000 m² area of each pond) of different ages. The sediment depth, sediment accumulation rate and the levels of total carbon (TC), total organic carbon (TOC) and sediment oxidizable organic carbon (SOC) and its different fractions were determined using standard procedures. The data were analysed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by the Duncan's multiple range test for comparing the means, and the Pearson correlation test was used to assess the relationship between the different pond sediment parameters and SOC content.

Results and discussion

The results revealed that the annual C accumulation rates varied from 902 to 1346 kg C ha^?1 year^?1 in 7-year-old earthen ponds (EPs) and bottom cemented ponds (BCPs), respectively. The sediment C fractions, including TC, TOC, SOC and its fractions (very labile, VLc; labile, Lc; less labile, LLc), and non-labile carbon (NLc)) were progressively increased over the pond age. The inland saline aquaculture practices over the years increased both active (AC) and passive carbon (PC) pools in the pond sediments, helped in the restoration and improvement of sediment quality and enhanced C sequestration potential of the sediments. Furthermore, a significant increase in the level of particulate organic carbon (POC) in BCPs justified that the non-ploughing practices at BCPs facilitated the formation of macro- and micro-aggregates, thereby increasing the C retention and stability of the pond sediments.

Conclusion

This study suggested that the shrimp farming ponds in semi-arid saline soils represented considerable C burial hotspots, enhanced the stable passive C pools and improved the sediment quality.

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Interception and storage of surface run-off in ponds in small agricultural watersheds,Andhra Pradesh,India     

K. P. R. Vittal  K. Vijayalakshmi  U. M. B. Rao 《Irrigation Science》1988,9(1):69-75

Summary A 8.93 ha graded agricultural watershed was developed with a 0.4% slope of cultivation line farming. Within this agricultural watershed, 6 ponds, each with a volume of about 180 m³, were dug for an average catchment size of 0.91 ha which was referred to as a small watershed. This attempt to store water is the first of its kind in this region at this scale under arable conditions. It was found that about 20% of the annual run-off could be retained by these ponds. With effective sealants, such as plastic lining overlaid with brick work or cement plastering on brick work, water could be retained in the ponds for longer periods to provide for the needs of crops at stress periods. Natural silting was not effective in controlling seepage in these small ponds. Despite wide variations in rainfall during the period 1976–1985, it was observed that the ponds were filled annually from run-off. In this study area increasing pond size to 300 m³ for a 1.0 ha catchment would be desirable to provide enough stored water for supplemental irrigation to the cropping system.  相似文献   

Hypolipidemic effect of flavonoids from Solanum melongena     

Sudheesh  S.  Presannakumar  G.  Vijayakumar  S.  Vijayalakshmi  N. R. 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1997,51(4):321-330

Flavonoids extracted from the fruits of Solanum melongena (Brinjal) orally administered at a dose of 1 mg/100 g BW/day showed significant hypolipidemic action in normal and cholesterol fed rats. HMG CoA reductase activity was found to be enhanced, while activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase were significantly reduced. Activities of lipoprotein lipase and plasma LCAT showed significant enhancement. A significant increase in the concentrations of hepatic and fecal bile acids and fecal neutral sterols was also observed indicating a higher rate of degradation of cholesterol.  相似文献