ECG of the month. Sinus rhythm with supraventricular premature complexes     

Risberg AI  Slack J  Semrad SD  Peek SF  Darien BJ  McGuirk SM 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2005,226(4):527-529

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Bilateral maxillary periodontal ligament hamartoma in a dog     

Taney KG  Dubielzig RR  Trotter TS  Smith MM 《Journal of veterinary dentistry》2005,22(2):91-95

A 12.5-year-old dog was presented for severe periodontal disease and bilateral maxillary enlargement. Radiographs of the maxilla showedgeneralized root resorption, ankylosis, and rarefaction of bone with focal radiodense areas. Surgical tooth extraction of multiple maxillary teeth and bilateral incisional biopsies of the periodontal tissue and maxilla in the region of the maxillary fourth premolars were performed. Histopathologic examination showed features typical of fully differentiated periodontal ligament with abundant cementum/alveolar lining bone and sparce odontogenic epithelial cell rests. Histopathology in conjunction with radiographic and clinical signs suggested a diagnosis of bilateral periodontal ligament hamartoma. Examination 3-months postoperatively indicated uncomplicated healing of the extraction and biopsy sites with no resolution of the maxillary enlargement.  相似文献   

Outcome and complications associated with treatment of pemphigus foliaceus in dogs: 43 cases (1994-2000)     

Gomez SM  Morris DO  Rosenbaum MR  Goldschmidt MH 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2004,224(8):1312-1316

OBJECTIVE: To identify factors affecting prognosis, outcome, and complications associated with pemphigus foliaceus in dogs. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 43 dogs with pemphigus foliaceus. PROCEDURE: Medical records were reviewed for signalment, age at diagnosis, duration to diagnosis, body area affected, initial immunosuppressive regimens and concurrent use of antimicrobials and sucralfate or histamine receptor 2 blocking agent, adverse effects of treatment, duration of treatment, number of visits for follow-up care, cause of death, and credentials of the veterinarians responsible for continued care. RESULTS: The case fatality rate was 60.5%. Factors significantly correlated with survival time included concurrent use of antimicrobials during initiation of immunosuppressive treatment and a lower number of adverse effects to treatment. Treatment times lasting more than 10 months from diagnosis correlated significantly with survival. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Treatment with or prophylactic use of antimicrobials may be warranted during initial immunosuppressive treatment. The inverse correlation between survival time and number of adverse treatment effects was not unexpected because it was reflective of the owners' decision to euthanatize their dogs and of corticosteroid-related secondary diseases. Survival beyond the tenth month of treatment predicted long-term survival, which suggests that dogs require careful management during the early months of treatment.  相似文献   

The author responds:     

Roberta Graca DVM  Diplomate ACVP    Anne Barger DVM  Diplomate ACVP    Walter Hoffmann  DVM  Diplomate ACVP    Joanne B. Messick  VMD  PhD  Diplomate ACVP    Sheila McCullough  DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVIM 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2005,34(3):176-176

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Effect of Neurotoxic Pesticides on the Feeding Rate of Marine Mussels (Mytilus edulis)     

Peter Donkin  John Widdows  Sheila V. Evans  Fred J. Staff  Tie Yan 《Pest management science》1997,49(2):196-209

The effects of selected neurotoxic pesticides on the feeding rate of marine mussels (Mytilus edulis) were determined. Two organochlorine pesticides, lindane and endrin, two acetylcholinesterase-inhibiting compounds, dichlorvos and carbaryl and two pyrethroids, flucythrinate and permethrin, were studied. No evidence was found for any specific neurotoxic effect of the organochlorines and pyrethroids on feeding efficiency. In contrast, dichlorvos and carbaryl inhibited the enzyme acetylcholinesterase in mussel gills and were more toxic to feeding efficiency than could be explained by a narcotic mechanism of toxicity alone. Dichlorvos also caused clear behavioural changes in the mussels. The significance of these observations for the application of mussels to impact assessment in the marine environment is discussed. © 1997 SCI.  相似文献   

Is Guam a regional source,destination, or stepping‐stone for larvae of three fisheries species?     

Matthew S. Kendall  Matthew Poti  Arliss Winship 《Fisheries Oceanography》2019,28(2):159-170

The pelagic larval duration (PLD) period of fish can influence dispersal, recruitment, and population connectivity, thereby potentially informing best strategies for fisheries management. Computer models were used to simulate the dispersal of larvae of three species, representing a range of PLDs, from the Pacific island of Guam and neighboring islands for a 9‐year period (2004–2012) to gain insight into the best management strategies for these species. The species included two springtime spawners with shorter and longer PLDs, scribbled rabbitfish (Siganus spinus; 33 days) and yellowfin goatfish (Mulloidichthys flavolineatus; ~90 days maximum), and a fall spawner with a similarly long PLD, bluespine unicornfish (Naso unicornis; ~94 days maximum). An ocean circulation model coupled with a particle dispersal model provided simulated numbers of larvae settling at each island in relation to the island where they were spawned. Graph analysis was used to examine generational connections between islands. For S. spinus, self‐seeding was the dominant means of replenishment at Guam. Local management actions to maintain adequate spawning stock may be a primary control on long‐term sustainability for that fishery. In contrast, N. unicornis and M. flavolineatus populations at Guam were reliant on outside sources for 92%–98% of larval supply. For them, identifying and negotiating the preservation of upstream spawning potential in the Marshall Islands and Federated States of Micronesia will be needed. Guam played a relatively minor role in generational connectivity across the region. Shortest paths spanning the region often did not pass through Guam, or there were equally short paths through other islands.  相似文献   

Changing salmon: An analysis of body mass,abundance, survival,and productivity trends across 45 years in Puget Sound     

James P. Losee  Neala W. Kendall  Aaron Dufault 《Fish and Fisheries》2019,20(5):934-951

Pacific salmon and trout (Oncorhynchus spp., Salmonidae) of the Puget Sound region of Washington State, USA, have experienced recent and longer‐term (multidecadal) variability in abundance while supporting robust fisheries. As part of the post‐season salmon management process, population‐specific estimates of total adult abundance to Puget Sound (Strait of Juan de Fuca) for pink (O. gorbuscha), chum (O. keta), coho (O. kisutch), sockeye (O. nerka), and Chinook (O. tshawytscha) salmon and steelhead trout (O. mykiss) are calculated annually. We compiled annual estimates of body mass, abundance and survival of hatchery‐ and naturally produced salmon from 1970 to 2015 to compare spatial and temporal patterns across species. Average weights of adult salmon and steelhead returning to Puget Sound, with the exception of coho salmon, have decreased since the 1970s. Temporal trends in abundance, survival and productivity varied by species and origin (hatchery vs. naturally produced). Generally, abundance and survival rates of natural‐origin species decreased whereas those of hatchery‐produced species did not, which is in contrast with other studies' general conclusions of decreasing survival among Puget Sound salmonids. Species diversity has decreased in recent years, with salmonids that rely on a short freshwater rearing phase in the natural environment (hatchery‐produced fish and naturally produced pink and chum) representing >90% of total returns in most years. This new information reveals patterns of body size, abundance, survival and productivity across species, life history and rearing type over the past 45 years and, in doing so, demonstrates the strength in multidecadal, multifactor time series to critically evaluate salmonid species.  相似文献   

Habitat selection by spotted owls after a megafire reflects their adaptation to historical frequent-fire regimes     

Jones  Gavin M.  Kramer  H. Anu  Whitmore  Sheila A.  Berigan  William J.  Tempel  Douglas J.  Wood  Connor M.  Hobart  Brendan K.  Erker  Tedward  Atuo  Fidelis A.  Pietrunti  Nicole F.  Kelsey  Rodd  Gutiérrez  R. J.  Peery  M. Zachariah 《Landscape Ecology》2020,35(5):1199-1213

Context

Climate and land-use change have led to disturbance regimes in many ecosystems without a historical analog, leading to uncertainty about how species adapted to past conditions will respond to novel post-disturbance landscapes.

Objectives

We examined habitat selection by spotted owls in a post-fire landscape. We tested whether selection or avoidance of severely burned areas could be explained by patch size or configuration, and whether variation in selection among individuals could be explained by differences in habitat availability.

Methods

We applied mixed-effects models to GPS data from 20 spotted owls in the Sierra Nevada, California, USA, with individual owls occupying home ranges spanning a broad range of post-fire conditions after the 2014 King Fire.

Results

Individual spotted owls whose home ranges experienced less severe fire (<?5% of home range severely burned) tended to select severely burned forest, but owls avoided severely burned forest when more of their home range was affected (~ 5–40%). Owls also tended to select severe fire patches that were smaller in size and more complex in shape, and rarely traveled?>?100-m into severe fire patches. Spotted owls avoided areas that had experienced post-fire salvage logging but the interpretation of this effect was nuanced. Owls also avoided areas that were classified as open and/or young forest prior to the fire.

Conclusions

Our results support the hypothesis that spotted owls are adapted to historical fire regimes characterized by small severe fire patches in this region. Shifts in disturbance regimes that produce novel landscape patterns characterized by large, homogeneous patches of high-severity fire may negatively affect this species.

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Effects of roughage type on particle separation,rumination, fiber mat characteristics,in situ degradation,and ruminal fermentation parameters in beef steers     

Catherine L Lockard  Caleb G Lockard  Wyatt N Smith  Kendall J Karr  Ben P Holland  Alyssa B Word  Jamie L Foster  Jenny S Jennings 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(11)

Six ruminally cannulated steers (average BW = 791 ± 71 kg) were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square experiment to determine the effects of roughage type on rumination, fiber mat characteristics, and rumen fermentation variables. Three roughages were included at 7% (DM basis) in a steam flaked corn-based diet: cotton burrs (CB), wheat silage (WS), or corn stalks (CS). Steers were fitted with a sensory collar to record rumination behaviors in 2-h intervals at the beginning of the experiment. Each 30-d period consisted of 7 d of recovery, 14 d of diet adaptation, 7 d of rumination data collection (daily and bi-hourly average rumination), 1 d of rumen fluid collection, and 1 d of rumen evacuations. In situ degradation of individual roughages was determined for 4 d after period 3 evacuations. During rumen evacuations, ruminal contents were removed; the rumen fiber mat (RF) was separated from the liquid portion with a 2-mm sieve, weighed, and a subsample was dried. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS with steer as the experimental unit and roughage (CB, WS, and CS) as the main effect. Dry matter intake (DMI) was not different for CB and WS (P = 0.25) and greatest for steers consuming CS diet (P ≤ 0.01). Roughage type did not influence the weight of the RF dry matter (%; DM; P = 0.92), RF weight (P = 0.69), or RF:DMI ratio (P = 0.29). Daily rumination (min/d) did not differ among roughages (P = 0.40), but min of rumination/kg of DMI was greatest for CS (18.0 min), min/kg of NDF was greatest for WS (89.8 min; P = 0.02), and min/kg of peNDF was greatest for CS (132.4 min; P ≤ 0.01). Wheat silage had the greatest percentage of soluble and degradable DM. Rumen fiber mat did not differ for roughages, although rumination min/kg of DMI and peNDF was greatest for steers consuming CS and WS. In situ degradation determined that CB-R and CS-R had the greatest percentage of ruminal undegraded DM. Based on the objective of the experiment, roughage type did not influence daily rumination or fiber mat characteristics.  相似文献   

Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia: understanding the nemesis.     

Sheila McCullough 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》2003,33(6):1295-1315

IMHA is one of the most common causes of anemia in small animals. Although treatment may be rewarding, many patients do not respond adequately to glucocorticoids alone and require additional immunosuppressive therapy. Some patients may succumb to acute severe anemia and die within the first few weeks of treatment; even if they survive, relapses may occur. IMHA is the nemesis; as our understanding of this disease increases and treatment options expand, it is hoped that survival rates will finally improve.  相似文献