AQP-4在抑郁模型大鼠海马区含量的改变     

任爱华  王海鹏  赵华  何欣 《吉林林学院学报》2014,(2):201-203

目的探讨抑郁模型大鼠海马区AQP-4含量的改变．方法通过采用慢性不可预见性刺激和孤养相结合的方法,在应激前1天和应激第22天后对大鼠行为学观测,快速断头取海马组织,通过半定量PCR方式观察海马区AQP-4含量的变化．结果发现抑郁大鼠海马区AQP4mRNA的相对含量增加．结论AQP-4既参加调节抑郁模型大鼠海马区内环境,同时对抑郁模型大鼠海马区神经元的凋亡发挥作用,为研究抑郁症的发病机制奠定基础．  相似文献   

无传感器式交流电动助力转向系统直接转矩控制     

郑太雄  周花  古宏鸣 《农业机械学报》2014,45(3):7-12

永磁同步电动机驱动的电动助力转向系统已成为发展方向,为适应交流电动机特点,基于模糊规则的助力-回正特性,采用扩展卡尔曼滤波估算定子磁链与位置,利用直接转矩控制算法对助力电动机进行控制,以提高电动机响应速度与精度。参照国标对该系统的转向轻便性与回正性能进行了仿真,结果表明提出的系统在电动机助力后转向效果明显,方向盘平均操作转矩减小45%,转向轮回正时间缩短了50%。台架试验结果显示,系统动态响应快,能够很好地完成助力控制目标。  相似文献   

改性明矾浆对土壤中镉、铅可提取性的影响研究     

李凝玉  郭彬  傅庆林  丁永祯  李华  丁能飞 《农业环境科学学报》2014,33(8):1526-1531

为探讨不同改性明矾浆能否作为修复中、低度Cd和Pb污染土壤的重金属钝化剂,采用土培实验研究了不同改性明矾浆和系列添加浓度对污染土壤中可提取态Cd和Pb含量的影响。结果表明:土壤中可提取态Cd和Pb的含量随明矾浆添加量的增大和钝化时间的延长而降低,其中同等钝化剂添加量条件下,热碱改性明矾浆钝化土壤中Cd和Pb的能力优于其他三种明矾浆,如添加浓度为5.0%,放置时间为16周的热碱改性明矾浆处理,其可提取态Cd和Pb含量分别为1.04、19.87 mg·kg-1,与对照相比(可提取态Cd和Pb含量分别为2.12、50.8 mg·kg-1),降幅分别为51%和60.9%,均达到显著水平(P0.05)。扫描电镜和比表面积测试结果证实,原明矾浆经过热碱改性后其粒径变小,比表面积增大,增加了明矾浆与污染物的接触面积,使其与重金属的吸附固定能力有所提高,可以有效降低土壤中重金属Cd和Pb的可提取态含量,从而降低其生物有效性。  相似文献   

域外司法问责研究——以主体、事由与程序为中心的考察     

叶肖华  颜翔 《安徽农业大学学报》2014,(5):75-81

域外司法问责以美、法、德、日等诸国最为发达,其制度的核心架构由问责主体、事由和程序来建构,并在规制法官行为与维护司法独立之间实行审慎平衡原则。因而问责主体的设置在强调立法权、行政权对司法权制衡的同时,又突出了司法自治主义;问责事由的确定既要从维护司法公信力角度来对法官言行实行严格标准,又要避免对法官司法裁判的不当干涉;问责程序的选择决定了惩戒的轻重,是以一种多元化、多层次的方式来进行,可以使不同主体均有机会启动司法问责,在对法官形成有效威慑的同时又提供了必要的保护。  相似文献   

农产品生产价格波动与农地利用的关系——以甘肃省为例     

冯华 《农业展望》2014,(5):30-33

农产品生产价格波动与农村耕地利用关系密切,事关中国粮食安全和农业可持续发展问题。以甘肃省为例,通过实地调查和统计数据分析,对主要农产品生产价格波动对农地利用影响的状况进行实证研究,从而为政府相关部门针对影响的不同状况采取相应的对策和政策措施提供参考。  相似文献   

中国农业科学数据共享分析与展望   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵华  王健 《农业展望》2014,(9):54-57

农业科学数据是农业科技领域的宝贵资源,实现农业科学数据共享具有重要的意义。在阐述农业科学数据内涵的基础上,对中国农业领域科学数据共享的现状和存在的问题进行了深入分析,指出农业科学数据的管理与共享仍将是今后科技界的一个重要议题,并提出了促进农业科学数据共享的对策和建议。  相似文献   

Eight urgent,fundamental and simultaneous steps needed to restore ocean health,and the consequences for humanity and the planet of inaction or delay     

Dan Laffoley  John M. Baxter  Diva J. Amon  Duncan E.J. Currie  Craig A. Downs  Jason M. Hall‐Spencer  Harriet Harden‐Davies  Richard Page  Chris P. Reid  Callum M. Roberts  Alex Rogers  Thorsten Thiele  Charles R.C. Sheppard  Rashid U. Sumaila  Lucy C. Woodall 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2020,30(1):194-208

1. The ocean crisis is urgent and central to human wellbeing and life on Earth; past and current activities are damaging the planet's main life support system for future generations. We are witnessing an increase in ocean heat, disturbance, acidification, bio‐invasions and nutrients, and reducing oxygen levels. Several of these act like ratchets: once detrimental or negative changes have occurred, they may lock in place and may not be reversible, especially at gross ecological and ocean process scales.
2. Each change may represent a loss to humanity of resources, ecosystem function, oxygen production and species. The longer we pursue unsuitable actions, the more we close the path to recovery and better ocean health and greater benefits for humanity in the future.
3. We stand at a critical juncture and have identified eight priority issues that need to be addressed in unison to help avert a potential ecological disaster in the global ocean. They form a purposely ambitious agenda for global governance and are aimed at informing decision‐makers at a high level. They should also be of interest to the general public.
4. Of all the themes, the highest priority is to rigorously address global warming and limit surface temperature rise to 1.5°C by 2100, as warming is the pre‐eminent factor driving change in the ocean. The other themes are establishing a robust and comprehensive High Seas Treaty, enforcing existing standards for Marine Protected Areas and expanding their coverage, especially in terms of high levels of protection, adopting a precautionary pause on deep‐sea mining, ending overfishing and destructive fishing practices, radically reducing marine pollution, putting in place a financing mechanism for ocean management and protection, and lastly, scaling up science/data gathering and facilitating data sharing.
5. By implementing all eight measures in unison, as a coordinated strategy, we can build resilience to climate change, help sustain fisheries productivity, particularly for low‐income countries dependent on fisheries, protect coasts (e.g. via soft‐engineering/habitat‐based approaches), promote mitigation (e.g. carbon storage) and enable improved adaptation to rapid global change.

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Longer migration not necessarily the costliest strategy for migrating humpback whales     

Leena Riekkola  Virginia Andrews‐Goff  Ari Friedlaender  Alexandre N. Zerbini  Rochelle Constantine 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2020,30(5):937-948

1. Long‐distance migration is a demanding physical activity, and how well animals manage the associated costs will have important implications for their fitness.
2. The Oceania humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) population is recovering from past exploitation markedly slower than the neighbouring east Australian whales. The reasons for this are unknown, although higher energetic costs of longer migratory distances could be a possible explanation. Due to their fully aquatic lives, studying the energy expenditure of these large animals requires methods that do not rely on capturing the animal, such as bioenergetic models.
3. A state‐space model was fitted to satellite data to infer behavioural states for southern migrating whales. Travel speeds and behavioural states were used in a bioenergetic model to estimate the energetic cost of the migration phase. Relative differences in average duration, distance, and energetic costs were compared between migratory routes and distances.
4. Total energy used during migration was a trade‐off between cost of transport (determined by travel speed) and daily maintenance (determined by daily basal metabolic costs). Oceania whales migrating to the Amundsen and Bellingshausen Seas travelled fastest and furthest, 15 and 21% further than whales migrating to the d'Urville Sea (east Australian whales) and Ross Sea, respectively. Therefore, they had the highest cost of transport, 25 and 85% higher than for d'Urville Sea and Ross Sea whales, respectively. However, energy saved in terms of daily maintenance by using fewer days to complete a longer migration resulted in only a 6–7% increase in total energetic cost.
5. The results highlight that travelling further does not necessarily translate into an increase in total energy expenditure for migratory whales, since they can compensate for longer distance by travelling faster. Further research on the energetics of different whale populations could provide insight into the productivity of Southern Ocean feeding regions and help understand the environmental and anthropogenic effects on the whales' energy budgets.

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Genetic differentiation among Atlantic island populations of the brown spiny lobster Panulirus echinatus (Decapoda: Palinuridae)     

Juliana Gaeta  Ivn Acevedo  Violeta Lpez‐Mrquez  Rui Freitas  Raúl Cruz  Rodrigo Maggioni  Rogelio Herrera  Annie Machordom 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2020,30(5):868-881

1. Declines in Panulirus echinatus Smith, 1869 populations along their wide distribution in the Atlantic Ocean have spurred efforts to improve their fisheries management and conservation. In this study, the genetic structure of these populations is reported for the first time.
2. In a survey of 18 species‐specific polymorphic microsatellite markers, 152 individuals were genotyped from five Atlantic oceanic islands, covering most of the insular distribution range of the species. The analyses revealed that P. echinatus is genetically partitioned into two stocks in the Atlantic Ocean. A highly significant genetic structure was observed between north‐east and south‐west Atlantic populations based on fixation index, discriminant analysis of principal components, and structure and barrier analysis.
3. We suggest that the Equatorial Circulation System represents a biophysical barrier that effectively limits migration among Atlantic subtropical gyre systems, as has been described for other species. Other physical and ecological barriers, such as the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge itself, the distance between the eastern and western sides of the Atlantic (Mid‐Atlantic Barrier) and water mass differences, as well as other biological aspects, may also influence larval dispersal and modulate the insular distribution of this species.
4. The results show the existence of two distinct genetic stocks of P. echinatus and have implications for fisheries management in the Atlantic Ocean, including their independent management according to their individual status. The Cabo Verde and the Canarian populations (north‐east Atlantic) showed the lowest level of genetic variability in comparison with the south‐western populations. A combination of factors that have occurred or are occurring in the Canary Islands, such as overfishing and volcanic eruptions, is likely to explain the reduced abundance of this lobster species in the area.

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重庆主城区近30年土地利用变化的生态环境效应评价   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

邓伟  杨华  崔艳君 《水土保持研究》2010,17(3)

以1978年、1993年和2007年三期landsat MSS/TM影像解译数据为依据,分析重庆主城区近30年来的土地利用变化,参考Costanza以及谢高地等提出的生态系统服务价值系数,制定出符合重庆主城区的生态系统服务价值系数,并对重庆主城区的生态系统服务价值进行了估算.结果表明:重庆主城区在1978-2007年近30 a间,耕地呈持续减少趋势,重庆成为直辖市后,林地、耕地大量向建设用地转换,生态系统服务价值急剧降低,ESV在1978-1993年间增加了7.84亿元后由1993年的22.58亿元减少到了2007年的18.56亿元,年减少率为1.27%.林地的变化对重庆主城区生态系统服务价值的影响明显.生态服务价值系数的变化对重庆主城区生态系统总服务价值的影响缺乏弹性,说明研究结果可信.  相似文献