基于离子选择性电极的硝酸盐快速检测系统   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

张淼  Ang S. Simon  Nguyen V. Chien  李莉 《农业工程学报》2009,25(13):235-239

介绍了一种用于快速检测溶液中硝酸盐含量的流体控制系统。系统选用自主研发的以聚吡咯聚合物为膜材料的硝酸盐离子选择性电极作为传感单元,通过底层数据采集器编程控制微型泵和微型阀,实现检测溶液的自动传输控制。根据流体控制流程,离子选择性电极的标定溶液浓度选择为10-1、10-3和10-4 mol/L,标定时间可控制在4.5 min以内,每个样品检测时间为90 s。在10-4～10-1 mol/L的硝酸盐浓度范围内,电极的电势响应斜率值相对稳定,系统的硝酸盐含量检测下限约为10-4 mol/L,可基本满足对土壤浸提溶液和生活饮用水硝酸盐含量的快速和低成本检测要求。  相似文献   

Catchment zoning to enhance co‐benefits and minimize trade‐offs between ecosystem services and freshwater biodiversity conservation          下载免费PDF全文

Virgilio Hermoso  Lorenzo Cattarino  Simon Linke  Mark J. Kennard 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2018,28(4):1004-1014

Mitochondrial DNA short tandem repeats unveil hidden population structuring and migration routes of an endangered marine turtle          下载免费PDF全文

Yaron Tikochinski  Phil Bradshaw  Angela Mastrogiacomo  Annette Broderick  Alon Daya  Andreas Demetropoulos  Simon Demetropoulos  Nicolas‐George Eliades  Wayne Fuller  Brendan Godley  Yakup Kaska  Yaniv Levy  Robin Snape  Lucy Wright  Carlos Carreras 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2018,28(4):788-797

Potential secondary poisoning risks to non‐targets from a sodium nitrite toxic bait for invasive wild pigs          下载免费PDF全文

Nathan P Snow  Justin A Foster  Eric H VanNatta  Katherine E Horak  Simon T Humphrys  Linton D Staples  David G Hewitt  Kurt C VerCauteren 《Pest management science》2018,74(1):181-188

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From laboratory to point of entry: development and implementation of a loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)‐based genetic identification system to prevent introduction of quarantine insect species          下载免费PDF全文

Simon Blaser  Hanspeter Diem  Andreas von Felten  Morgan Gueuning  Michael Andreou  Neil Boonham  Jennifer Tomlinson  Pie Müller  Jürg Utzinger  Jürg E Frey  Andreas Bühlmann 《Pest management science》2018,74(6):1504-1512

BACKGROUND

Rapid genetic on‐site identification methods at points of entry, such as seaports and airports, have the potential to become important tools to prevent the introduction and spread of economically harmful pest species that are unintentionally transported by the global trade of plant commodities. This paper reports the development and evaluation of a loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)‐based identification system to prevent introduction of the three most frequently encountered regulated quarantine insect species groups at Swiss borders, Bemisia tabaci, Thrips palmi and several regulated fruit flies of the genera Bactrocera and Zeugodacus.

RESULTS

The LAMP primers were designed to target a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene and were generated based on publicly available DNA sequences. Laboratory evaluations analysing 282 insect specimens suspected to be quarantine organisms revealed an overall test efficiency of 99%. Additional on‐site evaluation at a point of entry using 37 specimens performed by plant health inspectors with minimal laboratory training resulted in an overall test efficiency of 95%. During both evaluation rounds, there were no false‐positives and the observed false‐negatives were attributable to human‐induced manipulation errors. To overcome the possibility of accidental introduction of pests as a result of rare false‐negative results, samples yielding negative results in the LAMP method were also subjected to DNA barcoding.

CONCLUSION

Our LAMP assays reliably differentiated between the tested regulated and non‐regulated insect species within <1 h. Hence, LAMP assays represent suitable tools for rapid on‐site identification of harmful pests, which might facilitate an accelerated import control process for plant commodities. © 2018 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.  相似文献   

Effect of glutamic acid content in the diet on the catabolic rate of the isotope-labeled glutamic acid in rats. 4. Measurement of 14C-glutamic acid oxidation to 14CO2 with various energy sources in the diet     

A Wilke  H Bergner  O Simon 《Archives of Animal Nutrition》1985,35(1):1-10

48 male rats (body weight 80-100 g) were fed with 2 diets different in the glutamic acid content (diet I 2.42 and diet II 6.24% glutamic acid in the dry matter). The mixture of the other synthetic L-amino acids was adapted to the egg protein pattern corresponding 10% crude protein in the diet. Each diet was fed either on 73% or 98 to 104% of the energy maintenance requirement. After 7 days of experimental feeding 14C-U-L-glutamic acid was given to each group by intragastric infusion (i.g.), intraperitoneal (i.p.) or subcutaneous injection (s.c.), respectively, followed by a measurement of the CO2-and 14CO2-excretion during two subsequent periods of 3 hours. The CO2-excretion was lower in animals with restricted energy intake especially during the first 3 hour-period, which was started 2 hours after feed intake. The relative 14CO2-excretion (percent of the dose) was neither significantly influenced by the level of energy intake nor by the amount of dietary glutamic acid. The highest degradation rates of 14C-glutamic acid to 14CO2 were measured after i.g. application (more than 50%), followed by the i.p. injection (nearly 50%) and the lowest values were observed after s.c. injection (about 40%). These differences were only evident during the first CO2-absorption period. Furthermore the s.c. injection caused a lower specific radioactivity of CO2 compared with the data after i.g. and i.p. application. The results suggest the high metabolic activity of the intestinal tissue for glutamic acid.  相似文献   

Utilization of Animal-Protein and Plant-Protein Supplements by Red Swamp Crayfish Procambarus clarkii Fed Formulated Diets1     

Robert C. Reigh  Simon C. Ellis 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》1994,25(4):541-552

A study was conducted to evaluate alternative protein supplements that could be used to reduce the cost of formulated crayfish diets. Red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii were held in the laboratory for 9 wk and fed 30% crude protein diets containing isonitrogenous mixtures of plant and animal protein in a 65:35 ratio. Combinations tested were: soybean meal/menhaden fish meal (SOY/FSH); cottonseed meal/menhaden fish meal (COT/FSH); soybean meal/meat and bone meal (SOY/MB); cottonseed mealheat and bone meal (COT/MB); soybean meal/meat and bone meal/ blood meal (SOYIMB-B); and cottonseed meal/meat and bone meal/blood meal (COTIMB-B). Comparison of crayfish weight gain, feed efficiency ratio, apparent net protein and energy retention, and body composition indicated that SOY/FSH was the best protein combination tested. Weight gain was reduced when cottonseed meal replaced soybean meal in diets that contained either fish meal or meat and bone meal. Feed consumption of crayfish fed SOY/MB-B and COT/MB-B was lower than that of crayfish fed other diets containing the same plant-protein supplement and weight gain was lower in crayfish fed blood meal in all but one case. Differences in amino acid composition and amino acid availability of protein supplements, inhibitory effects of gossypol in cottonseed meal, and reduced consumption of diets containing blood meal could have contributed to diet effects. Results suggest that soybean meal is a better dietary protein source for crayfish than cottonseed meal, menhaden fish meal is better than meat and bone meal, and both fish meal and meat and bone meal are superior to a 60:40 meat and bone meal/blood meal mixture. However, cottonseed meal, meat and bone meal, and meat and bone meal/blood meal mixtures could be useful as lower-cost alternatives to soybean meal and fish meal in diets for pond-raised crayfish, since the apparent lower protein (amino acid) quality of these ingredients would be unlikely to depress growth of crayfish that have access to natural food in ponds.  相似文献   

Histopathologic changes induced with duck hepatitis virus in the developing chicken embryo     

J E Fitzgerald  L E Hanson  J Simon 《Avian diseases》1969,13(1):147-157

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Toxicity of the chitin synthesis inhibitors,diflubenzuron and its dichloro-analogue,to Spodoptera littoralis larvae     

K. R. Simon Ascher  Nadia E. Nemny 《Pest management science》1976,7(1):1-9

The activities of the chitin synthesis inhibitors, diflubenzuron and PH 60–38, against Spodoptera littoralis larvae were assayed by feeding treated alfalfa or poisoned wheat bran baits, by allowing the larvae to imbibe sucrose-containing aqueous dispersions of the compounds, and by injection into larvae. PH 60–38 was less active than diflubenzuron. On alfalfa, diflubenzuron had to be fed for at least 2 days to prevent formation of normal pupae and emergence of adults. For very big (480–540 mg) larvae, feeding diflubenzuron at concentrations of 50 mg/litre for 2 days or 2.5 mg/litre for 3 days prevented adult emergence. For 200–250 mg larvae, this was achieved by feeding concentrations of 100 mg/litre for 2 days, 5 mg/litre for 3 days or 3.5 mg/litre for 4 days. In all larvae > 150 mg, mortality in feeding experiments occurred in the prepupal or the pupal stage. Only with 30–50 mg and 100–150 mg larvae was there considerable mortality during moults between larval instars, the larvae being unable to liberate themselves from the old larval skins and head capsules. Diflubenzuron incorporated into wheat bran baits at concentrations of from 2.5 to 10 000 μg/g killed approximately 70–90% of the insects. When imbibed, diflubenzuron was much less toxic as a wettable powder than as a liquid formulation but the two formulations were equitoxic when injected into the larvae.  相似文献   

Enzootic calcinosis in cattle. VII. Demonstration of calcinogenic activity of Trisetum flavescens in ruminants     

G Dirksen  P Plank  U Simon  T H?nichen  P Daniel  A Spiess 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》1974,81(1):1-5

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