THE NATURE OF THE MUCO-POLYSACCHARIDE OF SYNOVIAL FLUID     

Meyer K  Smyth EM  Dawson MH 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1938,88(2275):129

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Cancer immunoediting: integrating immunity's roles in cancer suppression and promotion     

Schreiber RD  Old LJ  Smyth MJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,331(6024):1565-1570

Understanding how the immune system affects cancer development and progression has been one of the most challenging questions in immunology. Research over the past two decades has helped explain why the answer to this question has evaded us for so long. We now appreciate that the immune system plays a dual role in cancer: It can not only suppress tumor growth by destroying cancer cells or inhibiting their outgrowth but also promote tumor progression either by selecting for tumor cells that are more fit to survive in an immunocompetent host or by establishing conditions within the tumor microenvironment that facilitate tumor outgrowth. Here, we discuss a unifying conceptual framework called "cancer immunoediting," which integrates the immune system's dual host-protective and tumor-promoting roles.  相似文献   

Genetic and Endocrine Determinants of the Plasma Urate Level     

Smyth CJ  Stecher RM  Wolfson WQ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1948,108(2810):514-515

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Macroscopic quantum effects in nanometer-scale magnets     

Awschalom DD  Divincenzo DP  Smyth JF 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1992,258(5081):414-421

Quantum tunneling, the passage of a microscopic system from one state to another by way of a classically forbidden path, is theoretically possible in the macroscopic world. One can now make direct observations of such macroscopic quantum tunneling in very small magnetic structures. This is possible because of significant advances both in the ability to obtain magnetic systems of almost any desirable size, shape, and composition and in the development of superconducting instrumentation for the detection of extremely weak magnetic signals. As an example, measurements on magnetic horse spleen ferritin proteins with the predictions of quantum tunneling theory are discussed and shown.  相似文献   

Improved approach for analyzing bromophenols in seafood using stable isotope dilution analysis in combination with SPME     

Fuller SC  Frank DC  Fitzhenry MJ  Smyth HE  Poole SE 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(18):8248-8254

An analytical method for the measurement of five naturally occurring bromophenols of sensory relevance in seafood (barramundi and prawns) is presented. The method combines simultaneous distillation-extraction followed by alkaline back extraction of a hexane extract and subsequent acetylation of the bromophenols. Analysis of the bromophenol acetates was accomplished by headspace solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using selected ion monitoring. The addition of (13)C 6 bromophenol stable isotope internal standards for each of the five congeners studied permitted the accurate quantitation of 2-bromophenol, 4-bromophenol, 2,6-dibromophenol, 2,4-dibromophenol, and 2,4,6-tribromophenol down to a limit of quantification of 0.05 ng/g of fish flesh. The method indicated acceptable precision and repeatability and excellent linearity over the typical concentration range of these compounds in seafood (0.5-50 ng/g). The analytical method was applied to determine the concentration of bromophenols in a range of farmed and wild barramundi and prawns and was also used to monitor bromophenol uptake in a pilot feeding trial.  相似文献   

The adoption of automated phenotyping by plant breeders     

Lana Awada  Peter W. B. Phillips  Stuart J. Smyth 《Euphytica》2018,214(8):148

Phenomics or automated phenotyping (AP) is an emerging approach, identified as a priority for future crop breeding research. This approach promises to provide accurate, precise, fast, large-scale, and accumulated phenotyping data which when integrated with corresponding genomic and environmental data is expected to trigger a great leap forward in plant breeding. However, despite promising applications, AP adoption in plant breeding is still in its infancy. It is unclear to many plant breeders how or if much of the enormous volume, diversity, and velocity of imaging and remote-sensing data generated by AP is going to be usefully integrated into breeding programs. This paper develops an economical model of heterogeneous breeders’ decision-making to examine adoption decisions regarding whether to adopt AP or continue using conventional phenotyping. The results of this model indicate that many interlocking factors, including genetic gain/expected return, variable and sunk costs, subsequent rate of technology improvement, and breeders’ level of aversion to AP, are at work as breeders determine whether to adopt AP. This study also provides a numerical example to show the impact of breeders’ aversion toward the adoption of a new technology (e.g., AP) on the expected return generated from breeding a new wheat variety.  相似文献