Digestible and metabolizable energy concentrations and amino acid digestibility of dried yeast and soybean meal for growing pigs     

Chan Sol Park  Ayodeji Simeon Aderibigbe  Darryl Ragland  Olayiwola Adeola 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(1)

Energy values and amino acid (AA) digestibility of dried yeast (DY) and soybean meal (SBM) were determined in 2 experiments with growing pigs. Experiment 1 was conducted to determine the digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) in DY and SBM. Thirty barrows with a mean initial body weight (BW) of 20.6 kg (SD = 1.04) were assigned to 5 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design with period and BW as blocking factors. A reference diet was prepared with corn, canola meal, and soybean oil as energy-contributing ingredients. Four additional diets were prepared by adding 5% and 10% DY or SBM at the expense of energy-contributing ingredients in the reference diet. The ratio of corn, canola meal, and soybean oil was kept consistent across the experimental diets. Each experimental period consisted of 5-d adaptation and 5-d quantitative collection of feces and urine. Test ingredient-associated DE or ME intake (kcal/d) was regressed against test ingredient intake [kg dry matter (DM)/d] to estimate the DE or ME in test ingredients as the slope of linear regression model. The DE in DY was estimated at 3,933 kcal/kg DM, which was not different from the estimated DE in SBM at 4,020 kcal/kg DM. Similarly, there was no difference between DY and SBM in the estimated ME (3,431 and 3,756 kcal/kg DM, respectively). Experiment 2 was conducted to determine the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA in DY and SBM. Twenty-one barrows with a mean initial BW of 20.0 kg (SD = 1.31) were surgically fitted with T-cannulas at the distal ileum and assigned to 3 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design with BW as a blocking factor. Two semi-purified diets containing DY or SBM as the sole nitrogen source and one nitrogen-free diet (NFD) were prepared. The NFD was used to estimate the basal ileal endogenous losses of CP and AA. Pigs were fed the 3 diets for 5 d as adaptation, followed by 2 d of feeding with ileal digesta collection. The SID of AA, except Gly and Pro, in DY was less (P < 0.05) than in SBM. The SID of indispensable AA in DY ranged from 64.1% for Thr to 85.2% for Arg, and those in SBM ranged from 83.9% for Thr to 91.8% for Arg. In conclusion, energy values of DY are not different from those of SBM, whereas AA in DY is less digestible than in SBM. The estimated DE and ME as well as the SID of AA in DY and SBM can be used in diet formulation for growing pigs using these ingredients.  相似文献   

A recombinant-based ELISA evaluating the efficacy of netobimin and albendazole in ruminants with naturally acquired fascioliasis     

María Sol Arias  Jos Luis Surez  G.V. Hillyer  Ivn Francisco  Enrique Calvo  Rita Snchez-Andrade  Pablo Díaz  Rubn Francisco  Pablo Díez-Baos  Patrocinio Morrondo  Adolfo Paz-Silva 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2009,182(1):73-78

The therapeutic efficacy of albendazole and netobimin in ruminants with naturally occurring fascioliasis was investigated using a recombinant-based ELISA. The variation in the IgG response against a 2.9-kDa recombinant protein (FhrAPS), termed efficacy index (EI) 1, and the egg-output changes, termed EI 2, were used to evaluate drug efficacy.The values of EI 1 ranged between 0% and 50% in sheep, and between 0% and 30% in cattle after treatment with albendazole and netobimin. Similar EI 2 values were observed in sheep receiving albendazole or netobimin, but the highest values were found in cattle treated with netobimin. The significant reduction in the IgG response to FhrAPS found in this study shows promise in terms of developing alternative methods for evaluating the efficacy of chemotherapy against Fasciola hepatica in grazing ruminants.  相似文献   

Heritability and factors associated with number of harness race starts in the Spanish Trotter horse population          下载免费PDF全文

M. Solé  M. Valera  M.D. Gómez  J. Sölkner  A. Molina  G. Mészáros 《Equine veterinary journal》2017,49(3):288-293

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Metam Sodium (MS) in Water and Cane Juice at Different Processing Conditions According to the Industrial Case. Part 1. Effects of Matrix,pH, Temperature,Processing Time,and Photolysis     

Marisela Bernal-González  Julio Alberto Solís-Fuentes  María-del-Carmen Durán-Domínguez-de-Bazúa 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2017,228(12):456

The process for extracting sugarcane juice (Saccharum officinarum) represents the point of greatest contamination in sugarcane mills. Sodium dithiocarbamate also known as metam-sodium or MS is added to inhibit the growth of microorganisms especially Leuconostoc mesenteroides which is responsible for forming polysaccharides. Metam-sodium, upon decomposition, produces highly toxic byproducts. According to literature, under acidic conditions, MS is hydrolyzed resulting in methylamine (MA), CH₃NH₂, and carbon disulfide (CS₂), and in dilute alkaline solutions, MS produces an oxidation reaction characterized by the formation of elemental sulfur (S) and methyl isothiocyanate (MITC). In this paper, it was studied how MS decomposes to MITC and/or MA considering the effects of the matrix (methanol and water); of temperature (4 and 25 °C); of processing time (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 days); and of pH (4.0, 4.5, 7.0). A second experimental design considering the effects of the matrix (water and sugarcane juice); of temperature (4, 25, 35, 45 °C); of processing time (30, 300 min); and of pH (4.0, 4.5, 7.0) was derived from the results obtained considering MITC and/or MA formation. According to the statistical analysis of these results (p < 0.05), the order of the influential factors was as follows: time > matrix > pH > temperature. Results also indicated that the water matrix at pH = 4.5 and 45 °C had the lowest degradation rate (k), with a value of 8.82 day^?1, while for the sugarcane juice matrix at the same pH and temperature conditions was larger, with a k value of 30.07 day^?1. These results show that the matrix is also important for the degradation of dithiocarbamate to MITC and to MA.  相似文献   

Soil pollution by nonylphenol and nonylphenol ethoxylates and their effects to plants and invertebrates   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Xavier Domene  Wilson Ramírez  Laura Solà  Josep M. Alcañiz  Pilar Andrés 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2009,9(6):555-567

Background, aim, and scope  

Nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NPEOs) are a widely used class of nonionic surfactants known to be toxic and endocrine-disrupting contaminants. Their use and production have been banned in the European Union and substituted by other surfactants considered as environmentally safer. However, their use continues in many countries without any legal control. Discharges of effluents from wastewater treatment plants and the application of sewage sludge application, landfilling, and accidental spillage to soils are the major sources of NPEOs in the environment. The biodegradation of these surfactants is relatively easy, leading to the accumulation of the simplest chemical forms of nonylphenol ethoxylates (NP, NP1EO, and NP2EO) and nonylphenol carboxy acids (NP2EC or NP1EC). However, these are also the most toxic end-products and have a higher environmental persistence. Compared to aquatic ecosystems, not much is known about the effects of NPEOs in terrestrial organisms, with few studies mainly centered on the effects on plants and soil microorganisms. The main aim of this study is to provide the range of concentrations of NPEOs with ecotoxicological effects on different plants and soil invertebrate species. In addition, we aim to identify the main soil properties influencing their toxicity.  相似文献   

The relative impact of forest patch and landscape attributes on black howler monkey populations in the fragmented Lacandona rainforest, Mexico     

Víctor Arroyo-Rodríguez  Iraida M. González-Perez  Adriana Garmendia  Mireia Solà  Alejandro Estrada 《Landscape Ecology》2013,28(9):1717-1727

Land-use change is forcing many animal populations to inhabit forest patches in which different processes can threaten their survival. Some threatening processes are mainly related to forest patch characteristics, but others depend principally on the landscape spatial context. Thus, the impact of both patch and landscape spatial attributes needs to be assessed to have a better understanding of the habitat spatial attributes that constraint the maintenance of populations in fragmented landscapes. Here, we evaluated the relative effect of three patch-scale (i.e., patch size, shape, and isolation) and five landscape-scale metrics (i.e., forest cover, fragmentation, edge density, mean inter-patch isolation distance, and matrix permeability) on population composition and structure of black howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra) in the Lacandona rainforest, Mexico. We measured the landscape-scale metrics at two spatial scales: within 100 and 500 ha landscapes. Our findings revealed that howler monkeys were more strongly affected by local-scale metrics. Smaller and more isolated forest patches showed a lower number of individuals but at higher densities. Population density also tended to be positively associated to matrices with higher proportion of secondary forests and arboreal crops (i.e. with greater permeability), most probably because these matrices can offer supplementary foods. The immature-to-female ratio also increased with matrix permeability, shape complexity, and edge density; habitat characteristics that can increase landscape connectivity and sources availability. The prevention of habitat loss and isolation, and the increment of matrix permeability are therefore needed for the conservation of this endangered Neotropical mammal.  相似文献   

Genome-wide association study for insect bite hypersensitivity susceptibility in horses revealed novel associated loci on chromosome 1     

Merina Shrestha  Marina Solé  Bart J. Ducro  Marie Sundquist  Ruth Thomas  Anouk Schurink  Susanne Eriksson  Gabriella Lindgren 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2020,137(2):223-233

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Exploring the genetics underpinning dynamic laryngeal collapse associated with poll flexion in Norwegian-Swedish Coldblooded Trotter racehorses     

B. D. Velie  P. M. Smith  C. T. Fjordbakk  M. Solé  K. Jäderkvist Fegraeus  M. K. Rosengren  K. H. Røed  C. F. Ihler  G. Lindgren  E. Strand 《Equine veterinary journal》2020,52(2):174-180

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Eucalyptus scab and shoot malformation: A new and serious foliar disease of Eucalyptus caused by Elsinoe necatrix sp. nov.     

Nam Q. Pham  Seonju Marincowitz  Myriam Solís  Tuan A. Duong  Brenda D. Wingfield  Irene Barnes  Bernard Slippers  Jupiter I. Muro Abad  Alvaro Durán  Michael J. Wingfield 《Plant pathology》2021,70(5):1230-1242

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Risk assessment of Aphanomyces euteiches root rot disease: quantification of low inoculum densities in field soils using droplet digital PCR     

Gibert  Simon  Edel-Hermann  Véronique  Moussa Mcolo  Rayanti  Gautheron  Elodie  Michel  Joël  Bernaud  Eric  Gautheron  Nadine  Sol  Jean-Marie  Capelle  Gery  Galland  Rachel  Bardon-Debats  Arnaud  Lambert  Claudine  Steinberg  Christian 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2021,160(3):503-518

European Journal of Plant Pathology - Fusarium verticillioides is a soil-borne plant pathogen of maize plants (Zea mays L.) responsible for major yield losses by causing root, stalk, and ear rot...  相似文献