Preliminary Analysis of the Results of Selective Therapy Against Strongyles in Pasturing Horses     

Ruben Francisco  Adolfo Paz-Silva  Iván Francisco  Francisco Javier Cortiñas  Silvia Miguélez  José Suárez  Cristiana Filipa Cazapal-Monteiro  José Luis Suárez  María Sol Arias  Rita Sánchez-Andrade 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2012

Control of horse parasites often omits application of measures to eradicate the free-living stages in pastures and frequently relies on chemotherapy only. Selective therapy was used for Spanish Sport horses grazing either in the same pasture (continuous) or in rotated meadows. In each group, equines exceeding a cutoff value of 300 strongyle eggs per gram of feces received ivermectin or moxidectin. Efficacy of the treatment was assessed by estimating reduction of fecal egg counts and the number of horses shedding parasite eggs (PHR). Coprocultures revealed presence of the cyathostomins Cyathostomum and Gyalocephalus spp. In all treated groups, a 100% value for both reduction of fecal egg counts and PHR against cyathostomins was obtained, and PHR values ranged from 100% to 12%. The longest strongyle egg reappearance period was observed in horses undergoing rotation grazing and receiving ivermectin (9 weeks), compared with a 6-week period recorded for the other treated equines. Our results seem to point that the efficacy of selective therapy in equine herds could be reduced if the horses with fecal egg counts below the threshold value (thus not receiving chemotherapy) remain grazing in the same pastures with the treated ones. It is strongly suggested that interested parties consider performing periodic fecal analyses to monitor fecal egg counts, together with the percentage of horses passing eggs in feces, to improve the effect of this procedure.  相似文献   

Understanding veterinary practitioners' decision-making process: implications for veterinary medical education     

Vandeweerd JM  Vandeweerd S  Gustin C  Keesemaecker G  Cambier C  Clegg P  Saegerman C  Reda A  Perrenoud P  Gustin P 《Journal of veterinary medical education》2012,39(2):142-151

Understanding how veterinary practitioners make clinical decisions, and how they use scientific information to inform their decisions, is important to optimize animal care, client satisfaction, and veterinary education. We aimed to develop an understanding of private practitioners' process of decision making. On the basis of a grounded-theory qualitative approach, we conducted a telephone survey and semi-structured face-to-face interviews. We identified a decision-making framework consisting of two possible processes to make decisions, five steps in the management of a clinical case, and three influencing factors. To inform their decision, veterinary surgeons rarely take the evidence-based medicine (EBM) approach. They consult first-opinion colleagues, specialists, laboratories, and the Internet rather than scientific databases and peer-reviewed literature, mainly because of limited time. Most interviewees suggested the development of educational interventions to better develop decision-making skills in veterinary schools. Adequate information and EBM tools are needed to optimize the time spent in query and assessment of scientific information, and practitioners need to be trained in their use.  相似文献   

Pharmacometabolomics with a combination of PLS-DA and random forest algorithm analyses reveal meloxicam alters feline plasma metabolite profiles     

Liam E. Broughton-Neiswanger  Sol M. Rivera-Velez  Martin A. Suarez  Jennifer E. Slovak  Julianne K. Hwang  Nicolas F. Villarino 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2020,43(6):591-601

Repeated administration of meloxicam to cats is often limited by the potential damage to multiple organ systems. Identifying molecules that predict the adverse effects of meloxicam would help to monitor and individualize its administration, maximizing meloxicam's beneficial effects. The objectives of this study were to (a) determine if the repeated administration of meloxicam to cats alters the plasma metabolome and (b) identify plasma metabolites that may serve to monitor during the administration of meloxicam in cats. Purpose bred young adult cats (n = 12) were treated with meloxicam at 0.3 mg/kg or saline subcutaneously once daily for up to 17 days. An untargeted metabolomics approach was applied to plasma samples collected prior to and at designated time points after meloxicam or saline administration. To refine the discovery of biomarkers, the machine-learning algorithms, partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and random forest (RF), were trained and validated using a separate unrelated group of meloxicam- and saline-treated cats (n = 8). A total of 74 metabolites were included in the statistical analysis. Metabolomic analysis shows that the repeated administration of meloxicam alters multiple substances in plasma, including nonvolatile organic acids, aromatic amino acids, monosaccharides, and inorganic compounds as early as four days following administration of meloxicam. Seventeen plasma molecules were able to distinguish meloxicam-treated from saline-treated cats. The metabolomic changes discovered in this study may help to unveil unknown mechanisms of NSAID-induced side effects. In addition, some metabolites could be valuable for individualizing the administration of meloxicam to cats to mitigate adverse effects.  相似文献   

Plasma lipidome of healthy and Rhodococcus equi-infected foals over time     

Jorge L. Sanclemente  Sol Maiam Rivera-Velez  Nairanjana Dasgupta  David W. Horohov  Paul L. Wood  Macarena G. Sanz 《Equine veterinary journal》2022,54(1):121-131

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Allelic diversity of three anthocyanin synthesis genes in accessions of native Solanum tuberosum L. ssp. tuberosum at the Potato Genebank of the Universidad Austral de Chile     

Solís  J. L.  Muth  J.  Canales  J.  Lizana  C.  Pruefer  D.  Riegel  R.  Behn  A. 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2022,69(1):297-314

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution - The potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the fourth most important crop for global food security. Its tubers contain high concentrations of antioxidants,...  相似文献   

Ordered mesoporous materials from metal nanoparticle-block copolymer self-assembly     

Warren SC  Messina LC  Slaughter LS  Kamperman M  Zhou Q  Gruner SM  DiSalvo FJ  Wiesner U 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,320(5884):1748-1752

The synthesis of ordered mesoporous metal composites and ordered mesoporous metals is a challenge because metals have high surface energies that favor low surface areas. We present results from the self-assembly of block copolymers with ligand-stabilized platinum nanoparticles, leading to lamellar CCM-Pt-4 and inverse hexagonal (CCM-Pt-6) hybrid mesostructures with high nanoparticle loadings. Pyrolysis of the CCM-Pt-6 hybrid produces an ordered mesoporous platinum-carbon nanocomposite with open and large pores (>/=10 nanometers). Removal of the carbon leads to ordered porous platinum mesostructures. The platinum-carbon nanocomposite has very high electrical conductivity (400 siemens per centimeter) for an ordered mesoporous material fabricated from block copolymer self-assembly.  相似文献   

Membrane fusion. Caught in the act     

Gruner SM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,297(5588):1817-1818

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Etude integree de sols a pseudo-gley sous vegetation naturelle du plateau des Hautes Fagnes (Belgique): Partie I le milieu de pedogenese, la morphologie et le fonctionnement actuel des profils     

L. Mathieu  Chaire de la Science du Sol  N. Sougnez  H.J. van Praag  F. Weissen  F. Delecour 《CATENA》1981,8(3-4)

This work is an attempt to establish the morphogenesis of four hydromorphic profiles (Plateau des Fagnes, Eastern part of the Belgian Ardennes). Various scientifical approaches were used, namely geomorphology, mineralogy and palynology.The aim was to show that very sharp discordances may appear between “inherited” profile morphology and the present state of hydromorphy characterized by vegetation, humus forms, and physico-chemical measurements, such as redox potential and oxygen diffusion flux intensity (see partie II)  相似文献   

Differentiation of carbohydrate gums and mixtures using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics     

Prado BM  Kim S  Ozen BF  Mauer LJ 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(8):2823-2829

Guar gum, a nonionic galactomannan, is used as an economical thickener and stabilizer in the food industry and is often combined with xanthan, locust bean gum (LBG), or carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) to promote synergistic changes in viscosity or gelling behavior via intermolecular interactions; however, the adulteration of LBG with guar gum is a well-known industrial problem. The ability to identify the purity of gums and concentrations of individual gums in mixtures would be advantageous for quality control in the food industry. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) methods are rapid and require minimum sample preparation. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the ability of FTIR techniques to (1) differentiate LBG with a variety of mannose/galactose (M/G) ratios, (2) differentiate guar, LBG, tara, and fenugreek gums, (3) differentiate pure guar gum from guar gum mixed with LBG, xanthan gum, or CMC, (4) quantify LBG, xanthan gum, and CMC in guar gum, and (5) quantify guar gum in LBG. Two FTIR methods were used: diffuse reflectance (DRIFT) on powdered gum samples added to KBr at 5%, w/w, and attenuated total reflectance (ATR) on 1%, w/w, gum solutions. Spectra were collected and then analyzed by multivariate statistical procedures (chemometrics). The DRIFT method provided better discrimination and quantitative results than the ATR method. Canonical variate analysis (CVA) of DRIFT spectra (1200-700 cm(-1)) was able to classify LBG with various M/G ratios, pure galactomannans, and pure versus mixtures of gums with 100% accuracy. Quantification of an individual gum in gum mixtures (0.5-15%, w/w) was possible using partial least-squares (PLS) analysis of DRIFT spectra with R2 > 0.93 and using this approach for quantifying guar gum added to LBG resulted in an R2 > 0.99, RMSEC = 0.29, and RMSEP = 3.31. Therefore, the DRIFT FTIR method could be a useful analytical tool for quality control of select gums and gum mixtures used in the food industry.  相似文献   

Beiträge zur Dichtebestimmung der Feldmäuse(Microtus arvalis Pallas) auf Grünland mit einigen Beobachtungen auf Grund des Fallenfang-Materials     

Lange  B.  Sol  R. 《Journal of pest science》1961,34(7):102-106

Zusammenfassung Vor Bekämpfungsmaßnahmen und für die Prüfung von Mitteln gegen Feldmäuse(Microtus arvalis Pallas) sind Dichtebestimmungen erforderlich. Es wurden deshalb verschiedene Methoden hinsichtlich ihrer Brauchbarkeit für größere Grünland-Areale überprüft. Dabei wurde zunächst 5 Tage hintereinander auf drei Grünlandflächen mit einer konstanten Zahl Schlagfallen versucht, die Feldmäuse auszufangen. Ein Totalfang als Dichtebestimmung war auf diese Weise jedoch nicht möglich. Eine Verkürzung der Fangperiode auf einige Tage gelang mit einer großen Anzahl Fallen, die der Zahl der Mäuselöcher angepaßt waren. Wenn die Mäuselöcher 4 Tage vor dem Fallenaufstellen zugetreten wurden, konnte nach 3 Nächten die Fangzeit abgeschlossen werden. Fänge, die jedoch mehr als eine Nacht in Anspruch nehmen, eignen sich nicht für Dichtebestimmungen größerer Gebiete. Das Zutreten der Löcher läßt sich nicht immer durchführen. An Hand vieler Fänge einer Nacht läßt sich auf Grünland unter den Verhältnissen Nordwestdeutschlands am besten ein Bild über die Bestandsdichite und ein Überblick über ein größeres Gebiet gewinnen. Auf Grund der Erfahrungen der Jahre 1956–1960 werden Richtlinien für eine vorläufige Einteilung und Bewertung der Bestandsdichte und damit im Zusammenhang Bekämpfungshinweise gegeben. Die vorgeschlagene Methode dient im wesentlichen den Belangen des Warndienstes im praktischen Pflanzenschulz, weniger Populationsforschungen und anderen Fragestellungen.Aus dem gesammelten Tiermaterial konnte außerdem festgestellt werden, daß die Kleinsäugetierfauna auf Grünland des Untersuchungsgebietes sehr artenarm ist. Das Geschlechterverhältnis der gefangenen Feldmäuse war nicht konstant. Der Weibchenanteil war jedoch im August/September durchweg höher. Lebensfähige erwachsene Feldmäuse mit Bein- und Schwanzstummeln kommen auch im Freiland vor.Herrn Oberlandwirtschaftsrat Dr. K. V. Stolze zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet.  相似文献