Influence of Male Sterile Cytoplasms on the Physico-Chemical Grain Quality Traits in Hybrid Rice (Oryza Sativa L.)     

K. Hariprasanna  F. U. Zaman  A. K. Singh 《Euphytica》2006,149(3):273-280

Summary Possible unfavourable influence of sterility inducing cytoplasm on physico-chemical grain quality traits in rice hybrids is one of the important concerns hindering the large-scale adoption of hybrid rice technology. Produce from 23 pairs of CMS line × restorer (AF₁) and maintainer line × restorer (BF₁) cross combinations carrying different cyto-sterile sources (WA, ARC, Mutagenized IR 62829B and Kalinga I) was compared for various grain and cooking quality traits. The milling recovery in rice hybrids was not influenced by the sterile cytoplasm. For kernel dimensions before and after cooking there were both favourable and unfavourable cytoplasmic effects, which varied in magnitude depending upon the sterile cytoplasm and parental combinations. Similar results were obtained for kernel elongation and gelatinization temperature. The most widely used WA cytoplasm had minimum instances of unfavourable influence. In general, the cytoplasmic influence was found to be highly cross-specific and depended on the nuclear background of CMS line and fertility restorer. Availability of alloplasmic CMS lines carrying different cyto-sterile sources in the same nuclear background would help in ascertaining the cytoplasmic influence in a more comprehensive manner.  相似文献   

Wheat transformation – an update of recent progress     

Prem L. Bhalla  Harald H. Ottenhof  Mohan B. Singh 《Euphytica》2006,149(3):353-366

Summary Genetic transformation is vital to the transfer of novel genes into crop plants as well as to the emerging area of functional genomics. However, the successful genetic transformation of wheat still remains time consuming and genotype dependent. This paper updates the progress made in last 3 years towards developing a robust genetic transformation system for wheat. Agrobacterium-mediated wheat transformation offers advantages such as single-copy gene insertion, minimal rearrangement of DNA, low cost and comparatively high efficiency. The reported recent developments in wheat transformation will lead to increased efficiency of wheat breeding programs. The most promising recent progress is in the development of drought-tolerant wheat, since water stress continues to be a major limiting factor hindering world wheat productivity under adverse hot and dry weather conditions.  相似文献   

Characterization of different cytoplasmic male sterility systems in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern & Coss)     

K. H. Singh    K. K. Srivastava 《Plant Breeding》2006,125(1):72-76

Six cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) systems, viz. moricandia, ogura, oxyrrhina, siifolia, tournefortii and trachystoma of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) were characterized for agronomic and floral characteristics. Introgression of alien cytoplasm caused alterations in different floral traits in ogura, siifolia, tournefortii and trachystoma CMS systems. Varied response to different genetic backgrounds of CMS lines indicated the presence of cytoplasmic–nuclear interaction in alteration of floral traits. On the basis of floral characteristics, CMS systems could be grouped into distinct classes. Siifolia, tournefortii and trachystoma CMS lines had narrow petals, while moricandia, ogura and oxyrrhina had wider petals, which were distinguishable on the basis of visual observations. The ratio between length and width of petals were >2.0 in wide petal group but <2.0 in narrow petal group. Further, the relative position of anther and stigma, which was estimated as the ratio between stamen and style length could differentiate the CMS systems. Stamens were longer than styles in oxyrrhina, equal in moricandia and shorter in ogura, siifolia, tournefortii and trachystoma male sterile lines. Non‐viable pollen grains were present in moricandia and oxyrrhina systems, but absent in other systems. In tournefortii and trachystoma, few flowers showed petaloid corolla. All male sterile lines, except trachystoma, which showed crooked siliqua formation were at par with their respective maintainers for flower initiation, plant height, primary branches, seeds per siliqua, seed yield, harvest index, oil and protein content. In general, flower senescence and maturity occurred earlier in male sterile lines than in their respective maintainer lines.  相似文献   

Inheritance of insensitivity to culture filtrate of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, race 2, in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)     

P.K. Singh    G.R. Hughes 《Plant Breeding》2006,125(3):206-210

Tan spot of wheat is caused by the fungus Pyrenophora tritici‐repentis. On susceptible hosts, P. tritici‐repentis induces two phenotypically distinct symptoms, tan necrosis and chlorosis. This fungus produces several toxins that induce tan necrosis and chlorosis symptoms in susceptible cultivars. The objectives of this study were to determine the inheritance of insensitivity to necrosis‐inducing culture filtrate of P. tritici‐repentis, race 2, and to establish the relationship between the host reaction to culture filtrate and spore inoculation with respect to the necrosis component. The F₁, F₂, and BC₁F₁ plants and F_2:8 lines of five crosses involving resistant wheat genotypes ‘Erik’, ‘Red Chief’, and line 86ISMN 2137 with susceptible cultivars ‘Glenlea’ and ‘Kenyon’ were studied. Plants were spore‐inoculated at the two‐leaf stage. Four days later, the newly emerged uninoculated third leaf was infiltrated with a culture filtrate of isolate Ptr 92–164 (race 2). Reactions to the spore inoculation and the culture filtrate were recorded 8 days after spore inoculation. The segregation observed in the F₂ and BC₁F₁ generations and the F_2:8 lines of all crosses indicated that a single recessive gene controlled insensitivity to necrosis caused by culture filtrate. This gene also controlled resistance to necrosis induced by spore inoculation.  相似文献   

Associations of some characters with seed yield in chickpea collections     

K. B. Singh  G. Bejiga  R. S. Malhotra 《Euphytica》1990,49(1):83-88

Summary Three thousand two hundred and sixty-seven kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) germplasm accessions were grown during the spring season of 1980 at Tel Hadya, the main research station of ICARDA, Syria to determine the components of seed yield. Observations were recorded on seed yield and 14 other characters. Correlation and path coefficient analyses were done to find out associations among characters and to assess the direct and indirect contribution of each character to seed yield.Large variation was observed for all the characters studied except days to flowering, days to maturity and protein content. Correlation and path coefficient analyses showed that biological yield and harvest index were the major direct contributors to seed yield. The 100-seed weight, plant height, days to flowering and maturity, canopy width, and protein content contributed to seed yield mainly through indirect effect via biological yield and harvest index. The 100-seed weight and seed yield were major contributors to biological yield. Major contributor to protein content was days to maturity. Results indicated that selection for high biological yield and harvest index would lead to high seed yield; and selection for large seed size would lead to high biological yield. Therefore, these characters should receive the highest priority in selecting high yielding plants in chickpea breeding.  相似文献   

Modification of Leaf Photosynthesis by Foliar Application of Aliphatic Alcohols   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

C. P. Malik    Parmil  Singh  Sukhvinder  Kaur  Sonali  Malik  Usha  Parmar  Manjit  Grewal D. S. Bhatia 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1990,165(2-3):198-201

A decrease in net photosynthesis (P_n) in leaves of main shoot with age ( 7 -28 days after opening) at two stages of peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L. var. M-13 ) reproductive growth (70 and 90 DAS) is reported. P_n rate decreased with advance in age of leaves, the decline was rapid during peak period of pod filling (90 DAS). Foliar application with aliphatic alcohols, maintained the chlorophyll content and enhanced PEP carboxylase activity. The present studies suggest that aliphatic alcohols enhance functional capabilities of leaf for a larger duration and hence maintain the supply of photoassimilates to the developing kernels of peanut leading to increased yield.  相似文献   

Heterosis in relation to genetic divergence in maize (Zea mays L.)     

S. K. Prasad  T. P. Singh 《Euphytica》1986,35(3):919-924

Summary The magnitude of heterosis was examined in relation to genetic divergence among 10 parents in a 10 × 10 diallel cross of maize. The 10 parents (varieties) were selected on the basis of multivariate analysis of quantitative characters using Mahalanobis' D²-statistic from a lot of 64 varieties of maize belonging to different geograshical regions of the world. The magnitude of heterosis for grain yield and its components was found to be higher with moderate (intermediate) parential diversity than with extreme ones. The results indicated that not only the genetic diversity but the high per se performance with respect to specific characters of interest should be taken into consideration also while selecting parents for hybridization.  相似文献   

Pollen grain germination inside the anthers of two chasmogamous angiosperms: Almond (Prunus amygdalus L. Batsch) and apple (Malus pumila Mill.)     

A. K. Koul  Amarjeet Singh  Ranbir Singh  B. A. Wafai 《Euphytica》1985,34(1):125-128

Summary Pollen grain germination inside anthers has so far been known in only eleven chasmogamous angiospermous species. The discovery of this phenomenon in some varieties of Prunus amygdalus (almond) and Malus pumila (apple) is therefore significant. The anomaly appears to be genetically controlled, the gene expression occurring under specific environmental conditions.  相似文献   

Expression of 17 rye (Secale cereale L.) traits in a range of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) and bread wheat (T. aestivum L.) genetic backgrounds     

Sarvjeet Singh  G. S. Sethi 《Euphytica》1992,60(1):37-44

Summary Expression of 17 rye traits in 24 bread wheat x rye and 8 durum wheat x rye crosses was studied, using a self-compatible, homozygous, dwarf rye. Rye showed epistasis for hairiness on the peduncle in all the crosses of Triticum aestivum and T. durum wheats with rye. Dark greenness of leaves of rye was expressed in all the durum wheat x rye and in some of the bread wheat x rye crosses. Similarly, absence of auricle pubescence, a rye trait, was expressed in most of the durum wheat x rye crosses but not in the bread wheat x rye crosses, indicating the presence of inhibitors for these traits frequently on the D genome and rarely on the A and/or B genome of wheat. Most of the wide hybrids resembled rye fully or partially for intense waxy bloom on the leaf-sheath and for the absence of basal underdeveloped spikelets. Similarly, most of the amphihaploids resembled rye for the anthocyanin in the coleoptile, stem and node. The presence of some inhibitors on A and/or B genome of wheat was indicated in some of the wheat genotypes for the expression of rye traits viz. intense waxy bloom, anthocyanin in node and absence of basal underdeveloped spikelets. Enhancement in the level of expression of the intensity and length of bristles on the mid-rib of the glume of the hybrids might be due to wheat-rye interaction. Less number of florets/spikelet as in rye showed variable expression in different wheat backgrounds. Some other rye traits like absence of auricles, terminal spikelet and glume-awn were not expressed in the wheat background. The expression of some of the rye genes might have been influenced by their interaction with Triticum cytoplasm and/or the environment.  相似文献   

Association between certain stalk traits related to lodging and grain yield in maize (Zea mays L.)     

T. P. Singh 《Euphytica》1970,19(3):394-397

Summary Thirty-five varieties of maize from different ecogeographical regions were planted to study the relationship between stalk characters and grain yield in maize. Grain yield was positively correlated with three stalk traits under investigation. Highly significant positive correlations existed among weight of a 5 cm stalk section, crushing strength and rind thickness. In general, genotypic correlation coefficients were higher than the phenotypic correlation coefficients. The present study indicates that it is possible to develop a high-yielding variety with superior stalk strength.  相似文献