Larval recruitment of the manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum in Ariake Sound, southern Japan     

Ryo Ishii  Hideo Sekiguchi  Yasutomo Nakahara  Yasunari Jinnai 《Fisheries Science》2001,67(4):579-591

ABSTRACT: The mechanisms by which catch yields of the manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum have decreased drastically in Kumamoto Prefecture, southern Japan, and the larval recruitment by which benthic populations of the clam are maintained were studied. Samples at different growth stages (planktonic larvae, new settlers, and small to large bivalves of the species) were collected from February 1997 to December 1998 on two tidal flats (Kawaguchi and Nameishi, 20 km distance from each other) along the eastern coast of Ariake Sound. Densities of planktonic larvae, new settlers and small bivalves were generally higher at Kawaguchi than Nameishi. The higher density of large bivalves at Kawaguchi depends on a high larval density. Larval retention mechanisms coupled with water movement at Kawaguchi, such as tidal residual currents, may be related intimately with the higher larval density at Kawaguchi. Predation by shore birds at and after recruitment may be related to the lower density of large bivalves recorded at Kawaguchi in 1998, despite larval densities being higher there.  相似文献   

Molecular cloning and tissue distribution of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in plateau pika (Ochotona dauurica)     

Kitao N  Yahata T  Matsumoto T  Okamatsu-Ogura Y  Omachi A  Kimura K  Saito M 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2007,69(10):1065-1068

Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is present exclusively in brown adipose tissue, and contributes to body temperature control during cold exposure. We cloned UCP1 cDNA of plateau pika (Ochotona dauurica), a small, non-hibernating, diurnal lagomorph that inhabits in relatively cold climates and at high altitudes in Mongolia and in northern China. The nucleotide sequence of pika UCP1 was highly homologous to UCP1 of other species, and the deduced amino acid sequence had some common domains for UCP, including six mitochondrial carrier protein motifs and a putative purine-nucleotide binding site. RT-PCR and Western blot analyses revealed that both UCP1 mRNA and protein were expressed exclusively in the interscapular adipose tissue. These results suggest that pika UCP1 contributes to heat production in brown adipose tissue, as do those in other species.  相似文献   

Differential cytokine gene expression in CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets of calves   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Tanaka S  Aso H  Miyazawa K  Nagai Y  Watanabe K  Ohwada S  Kobayashi J  Yamaguchi T 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2007,118(1-2):84-91

The distinct patterns of cytokine expression in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are well understood in mice and humans. However, little information is available about cytokine expression in bovine CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In this study, mRNA expression of 19 different cytokines was analyzed in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of calves with or without Concanavalin A (Con A) stimulation. CD4+ and CD8+ T cell populations were enriched to 98% purity by positive selection using magnetic cell sorting (MACS). CD4+ T cells spontaneously expressed the mRNAs of interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha), IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-18, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, TNF-beta and TGF-beta, and augmented the mRNA expression of IL-10, IFN-gamma and TNF-beta after Con A stimulation. The mRNAs of IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and GM-CSF were newly expressed in Con A-stimulated CD4+ T cells. CD8+ T cells displayed spontaneous mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-18, TNF-alpha, TNF-beta and TGF-beta, and newly expressed the mRNA of IL-2, IL-7, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and GM-CSF after Con A stimulation. It was found that CD4+ T cells expressed the mRNA of 17 cytokines except for IL-12 and IL-15, while CD8+ T cells expressed only the mRNA of 9 cytokines after Con A stimulation. The profile of cytokine mRNA expression was substantially different in the CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of calves, indicating that CD4+ T cells can be distinguished from CD8+ T cells by the cytokine gene expression of IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-13. Differential cytokine expression between CD4+ and CD8+ T cells serve to interpret an individual function of T cell subsets in the immune system of calves.  相似文献   

Staining patterns for actin and villin distinguish M cells in bovine follicle-associated epithelium     

Kanaya T  Aso H  Miyazawa K  Kido T  Minashima T  Watanabe K  Ohwada S  Kitazawa H  Rose MT  Yamaguchi T 《Research in veterinary science》2007,82(2):141-149

M cells play a central role in the initiation of mucosal immune responses. However, a primary source of difficulty for investigations of this is the lack of an available specific marker for bovine M cells. As M cells possess irregular and short microvilli, we investigated the distribution and localization of the microvillar proteins actin and villin by immunohistochemistry of the gut of calves. In ileum of the calf, actin and villin were clearly and continuously immunostained in the brush border of the villous epithelia, however, discontinuous immunostaining with patches of no staining were observed in follicle-associated epithelium (FAE). Electron microscopy revealed that M cells had irregular microvilli and lacked the typical brush border, and it was inferred that these patches of no staining might be the intercellular crevices of M cells. As the microvilli of M cells were very sparse, there were several areas of weak immunostaining in calf jejunal FAE. These results suggest that M cells in calf FAE are detectable by the absence of staining for actin and villin.  相似文献   

Utility of 5-aminolaevulinic acid fluorescence-guided endoscopic biopsy for malignant mesothelioma in a cat and dog     

T Osaki  T Amaha  Y Murahata  Y Sunden  A Iguchi  K Harada  K Tsujino  K Murakami  T Ishii  K Takahashi  M Ishizuka  T Tanaka  Y Okamoto 《Australian veterinary journal》2023,101(3):99-105

Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is uncommon in cats and dogs and can be challenging to diagnose. Adequate tissue sampling is required for superior diagnostic accuracy. Protoporphyrin IX, a metabolite of 5-aminolaevulinic acid (5-ALA), is a photosensitiser for photodynamic diagnosis (PDD). To the best of our knowledge, no study has reported the use of 5-ALA-PDD to detect MM in veterinary medicine. The present study describes the use of 5-ALA-PDD for MM diagnosis in a cat and dog, as well as the effectiveness of intracavitary chemotherapy. We evaluated the use of PDD with 5-ALA hydrochloride (5-ALA-PDD) in two cases of MM. A 12-year-old cat presented with a 1-month history of respiratory distress, and a 9-year-old dog presented with a 3-month history of mild abdominal distention. We endoscopically biopsied lesions in both the cases using 5-ALA-PDD. Histopathological examination revealed mesothelioma, and immunohistochemical staining was positive for calretinin. Both patients were treated with carboplatin. The cat died of respiratory failure. Although, the dog's condition improved 21 days after the first chemotherapeutic drug administration, the dog died on day 684 owing to cardiac-related issues. 5-ALA-PDD is thus, safe and feasible for the diagnosis of MM in veterinary medicine.  相似文献   

The g.841G>C SNP of FASN gene is associated with fatty acid composition in beef cattle          下载免费PDF全文

Kiri Hayakawa  Takayuki Sakamoto  Atsushi Ishii  Keita Yamaji  Yoshinobu Uemoto  Nanae Sasago  Eiji Kobayashi  Naohiko Kobayashi  Tamako Matsuhashi  Shin Maruyama  Hirokazu Matsumoto  Kenji Oyama  Hideyuki Mannen  Shinji Sasazaki 《Animal Science Journal》2015,86(8):737-746

The objective of the current study is to evaluate the association between fatty acid composition and fatty acid synthase gene polymorphisms as responsible mutations. For this purpose, we selected seven previously reported single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in FASN gene, including one within promoter region (g.841G>C) and six non‐synonymous SNPs (g.8805C>T, g.13126C>T, g.15532A>C, g.16024A>G, g.16039C>T, g.17924A>G), and genotyped them in Japanese Black cattle. Genotyping results revealed that g.8805 C>T and g.17924 A>G were monomorphic loci. Genome‐wide association analysis including the other five SNPs revealed that only g.841G>C showed significant associations with the percentages of C14:0, C14:1, C16:1 and C18:1 at 5% genome‐wide significance level. In order to further evaluate the effect, we genotyped g.841G>C using additional three populations, including two Japanese Black populations and a Holstein cattle population. g.16024A>G was also genotyped and included in the analysis because it has been reported to be associated with fatty acid composition in Japanese Black cattle. In the result of analysis of variance, g.841G>C showed stronger effects on fatty acid percentage than those of g.16024A>G in all populations. These results suggested that g.841G>C would be a responsible mutation for fatty acid composition and contribute to production of high‐grade beef as a selection marker in beef cattle.  相似文献   

Organotransition-metal chemistry     

Ishii Y  Tsutsui M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1975,188(4194):1224-1225

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Optimization of a multiple reservoir system using a simulated annealing--A case study in the Mae Klong system, Thailand     

Janejira Tospornsampan  Ichiro Kita  Masayuki Ishii  Yoshinobu Kitamura 《Paddy and Water Environment》2005,3(3):137-147

A heuristic-based simulated annealing has been developed to optimize the operation of a multiple reservoir system. Simulated annealing is a probabilistic search algorithm, motivated by an analogy of physical annealing in solids. It has been increasingly applied to a broad spectrum of fields for which little prior knowledge is required. The developed model is illustrated by a test application to a benchmark problem of a 10-reservoir problem that had been solved previously in the literature. For this problem, simulated annealing shows its ability to provide better result than those obtained from other techniques. The model is then applied to the real multiple reservoir system in Thailand to derive optimal operating policies. The objective function is formulated to minimize the irrigation deficits during 3 years. The performance of the simulated annealing is compared with that of the genetic algorithm developed for the same problem. The results show that the simulated annealing is more efficient than the genetic algorithm. Simulated annealing produces higher quality solutions while spending lesser computation time compared with the genetic algorithm. The results obtained from these applications have proved that the simulated annealing is capable of addressing a large and complex problem. Simulated annealing is quite a new promising search algorithm for reservoir optimization problems. It is worthy of further investigation for other applications in this area of research.  相似文献   

Improvement of the material property of shark type I collagen by composing with pig type I collagen     

Nomura Y  Toki S  Ishii Y  Shirai K 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2000,48(12):6332-6336

Fibril reconstruction process, that is, the nucleation and growth of mixed type I collagen fibril of shark and pig, progressed faster than that of the individual collagen species of shark or pig. The reconstructed mixed collagen fibril had a greater resistance to return to the solution or to melt into gelatin in comparison with the counterpart consisting solely of shark collagen. The denaturation temperature of the mixed collagen gel was about 10 degrees C higher than that of shark, and about 5 degrees C lower than that of pig. By scanning electron microscopy, the diameter of mixed collagen fibril showed an intermediate range between shark and pig collagen fibril. The breaking strength of the mixed collagen gel was tougher than that of pig, but weaker than that of shark. Other physicochemical properties of the mixed type I collagen gel were observed to be at intermediate positions between those of shark and pig type I collagen gels.  相似文献   

The methods to consolidate scattered tenanted lots into large rice paddy lots by the land consolidation projects in Japan   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Atsushi Ishii 《Paddy and Water Environment》2005,3(4):225-233

Today in Japan, agricultural productivity of rice cropping farmers is low. In order to get sufficient agricultural productivity, Japanese government is encouraging enlarging core farmers' farm sizes to 10–20 ha by borrowing farm lots from retiring farmers of small farms and carrying out the land consolidation projects to construct large rice paddy lots. In order to realize large rice paddy lots of more than several hectares, it is necessary to consolidate small scattered leased farm lots of core tenant farmers, but it is supposed to be very difficult. In order to clarify how to consolidate those leased lots into large rice paddy lots, I investigated five land consolidation project areas in which large rice paddy lots of more than several hectares were constructed for core tenant farmers. The result shows that (1) large rice paddy lots for core tenant farmers were settled in relatively inferior areas of the project areas, for instance, far from the land owners' residence area. (2) Basically land lenders do not accept their substitute lots settled into large rice paddy lots in such inferior areas, (3) but some land lenders who were eager to lend their farmland to core farmers accepted their substitute lots in such inferior areas. (4) Even in cases that tenant farmers could not consolidate substitute lots of their tenant land into large rice paddy lots, they could consolidate their cultivating lots by adjusting user rights, that is, exchange of user rights of lots between land lenders whose substitute lots were located outside of a large rice paddy lot area and owner farmers whose substitute lots were located in the area. (5) Owner farmers accepted this adjustment on their farmland as they could cultivate superior lots, consolidate their scattered cultivating lots into one place and so on.  相似文献