Shotgun proteomic analysis of porcine colostrum and mature milk     

Shohei Ogawa  Takamitsu Tsukahara  Ryoichiro Nishibayashi  Masako Nakatani  Mie Okutani  Nobuo Nakanishi  Kazunari Ushida  Ryo Inoue 《Animal Science Journal》2014,85(4):440-448

The epitheliochorial nature of the porcine placenta prevents the transfer of maternal immunity. Therefore, ingestion of the colostrum immediately after birth is crucial for neonatal piglets to acquire passive immunity from the sow. We performed a shotgun proteomic analysis of porcine milk to reveal in detail the protein composition of porcine milk. On the basis of the Swiss‐Prot database, 113 and 118 proteins were identified in the porcine colostrum and mature milk, respectively, and 50 of these proteins were common to both samples. Some immune‐related proteins, including interleukin‐18 (IL‐18), were unique to the colostrum. The IL‐18 concentration in the colostrum and mature milk of four sows was measured to validate the proteomic analysis, and IL‐18 was only detected in the colostrum (191.0 ± 53.9 pg/mL) and not in mature milk. In addition, some proteins involved in primary defense, such as azurocidin, which has never been detected in any other mammal's milk, were also identified in the colostrum.  相似文献   

Effects of thiosulfate addition on ammonia and nitrogen removal in biofilters packed with Oyaishi (pumice tuff)     

Tomoko Yasuda  Yasuyuki Fukumoto  Miyoko Waki  Toshimi Matsumoto  Hirohide Uenishi 《Animal Science Journal》2020,91(1)

Ammonia removal is achieved partly by absorption and nitrification in biofilters, resulting in the accumulation of nitrogen and the necessity of treating the effluent water. We investigated the effects of thiosulfate addition to a biofilter containing pumice tuff for ammonia and nitrogen removal in a laboratory‐scale experiment. The addition of thiosulfate to the circulating water led to a decreased nitrate and nitrite along with an increase of sulfate. The inorganic nitrogen in the circulating water decreased by up to 44% with thiosulfate addition compared to without thiosulfate. Batch experiments revealed that denitrification activity decreased exponentially along with increases in dissolved oxygen; however, approximately 30% of denitrification activity was maintained at dissolved oxygen concentration of 3.3 mg/L. Metabarcoding of 16S rRNA genes indicated that the genus Thiobacillus had a relative abundance of 0.002%–0.016% of total bacteria in the biofilter packing material. The circulating water pH was decreased below 5 with sulfur oxidation, and ammonium was accumulated without pH control resulting in a decrease in the relative abundance of the family Nitrosomonadaceae. Its relative abundance increased with control of pH to near neutral, indicating that ammonia‐oxidizing activity could be maintained by adjusting pH. Thiosulfate addition could stimulate nitrogen removal by sulfur‐dependent denitrification in biofiltration systems.  相似文献