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51.
J. M. Martin J. D. Sherman S. P. Lanning L. E. Talbert M. J. Giroux 《Cereal Chemistry》2008,85(2):266-269
Milling and breadbaking quality of hard‐textured wheat may be influenced by alternative alleles at the Wx loci controlling percent amylose in the endosperm, and the puroindoline (pin) loci controlling grain hardness. For this experiment, we developed recombinant inbred lines (RIL) from a cross between Choteau spring wheat cultivar and experimental line MTHW9904. Choteau has the PinB‐D1b mutation conferring grain hardness and the Wx‐B1a allele at the Wx‐B1 locus conferring wild‐type amylose content. MTHW9904 has the PinA‐D1b allele conferring grain hardness and the Wx‐B1b allele conferring lower amylose content, causing a partial waxy phenotype. RIL with the PinB‐D1b mutation (n = 49) had significantly softer kernels, higher break flour yield, and higher loaf volume than lines with the PinA‐D1b mutation (n = 38). Lines with partial waxy phenotype due to Wx‐B1b (n = 43) had significantly lower kernel weight, lower amylose content, and higher flour swelling power than lines with wild‐type starch due to Wx‐B1a (n = 51). These results provide additional evidence for the positive effect of PinB‐D1b on bread quality in hard wheats, while genotype at Wx‐B1 was generally neutral for bread quality in this population. Interactions between the Pin and Wx loci were minimal. 相似文献
52.
[目的]研究乳酸菌添加剂对青贮燕麦发酵品质的影响,为燕麦的青贮提供技术条件。[方法]按0.005g/kg燕麦的添加量,将乳酸菌粉剂直接加入燕麦,采用捆裹青贮系统进行青贮。处理80d后,观察其感官特征并测定品质,与普通青贮燕麦和青刈燕麦进行比较。[结果]乳酸菌青贮燕麦的气味、色泽和手感均优于普通青贮燕麦,其pH值低于3.8,乳酸与乙酸的比值下降,乳酸占总酸的比例增加,DM、CP和Ash含量增加,NDF、ADF含量降低。[结论]乳酸菌添加剂改善了青贮燕麦的品质,所得燕麦属于优质青贮料。 相似文献
53.
Luther E. Talbert Jamie D. Sherman Megan L. Hofland Susan P. Lanning Nancy K. Blake Reagan Grabbe Peggy F. Lamb John M. Martin David K. Weaver 《Plant Breeding》2014,133(4):427-432
Several species of wheat stem sawflies (WSS) are pests of wheat, including Cephus cinctus Norton in North America. Larvae feed inside the stems and cut the stem near plant maturity. The primary means of control is resistance due to solid stems, largely controlled by a locus on chromosome 3B (Qss.msub‐3BL). Cultivars that differed for WSS resistance, but with similar stem solidness, were crossed to determine the genetic basis for the differences. The cultivar ‘Scholar’ is susceptible, while ‘Conan’ shows resistance. Scholar and Conan possessed different alleles at Qss.msub‐3BL. Both alleles conferred solidness, yet the Conan allele conferred higher WSS resistance. An allele from Conan on chromosome 4A also decreased infestation and stem cutting. The 3B and 4A alleles from Conan acted in an additive fashion to provide increased WSS resistance without increasing stem solidness. Stem solidness has long been used by breeders as a proxy for WSS resistance because of its simplicity. Our results suggest that other resistance mechanisms may complement solid stems. 相似文献
54.
Hussein Abdel-Haleem Jan Bowman Mike Giroux Vladimir Kanazin Hope Talbert Lisa Surber Tom Blake 《Euphytica》2010,172(3):405-418
Cultivated barley is the major livestock feed grain in the Northern Plains and Northwestern United States due to the fact
that its short growing season and limited rainfall limit the planting and production of corn. Starch and fiber content play
a significant role in feedlot performance of animals raised on barley feed. To study the underlying genetic locations and
mechanisms for these traits, a recombinant inbred line population was derived from a cross between the hulled barley cultivar
Valier and a hull-less Swiss landrace line, PI370970. Valier has a high acid detergent fiber content (ADF) and low starch
and protein while PI370970 contains low ADF and high starch and protein content. To detect associated QTLs, data were collected
and analyzed from irrigated and rain-fed environments. A total of 30 main effect QTLs and four epistatic QTLs were identified
which conditioned ADF, starch and protein content under rain-fed, irrigated and combined analyses. These QTLs were located
on chromosomes 2H, 3H, 5H, 6H and 7H. Major ADF and starch QTL were identified on chromosome 7H near the nud locus (the locus controlling hulled vs. hull-less caryopsis). High heritability estimates for both ADF and starch content
suggest that early selection for these traits during breeding would be productive. Low ADF-QTL were independently verified
in a second population in a different genetic background. 相似文献
55.
Hussein Abdel-Haleem Jan G. P. Bowman Vladimir Kanazin Lisa Surber Hope Talbert Patrick M. Hayes Tom Blake 《Euphytica》2010,172(3):419-433
More than half of the barley grown in the USA is used for livestock feed, with the remaining stocks diverted for human food
and malting purposes. The use of barley grain as a major source of cattle feed has been criticized because of its rapid digestion
in the rumen, which can result in digestive disorders in cattle. In sacco dry matter digestibility (ISDMD) and particle size
(PS) after dry rolling have been found to play a role in the feedlot performance of barley as a feed grain. Reducing the rate
of ISDMD is predicted to result in significantly improved animal health and average daily gain. A recombinant inbred line
population derived from a cross between a high ISDMD, two-rowed barley cultivar (Valier) and a six-rowed Swiss landrace line
(PI370970) exhibiting far slower ISDMD has been developed for studying the underlying genetic locations and mechanisms of
these traits. To detect associated quantitative trait loci (QTLs), we collected and analyzed data from irrigated and rain-fed
environments. A significant negative correlation was observed between ISDMD and PS. High heritability estimates for ISDMD
and PS suggest that early selection for these traits during breeding would be achievable. Four QTLs were identified on chromosomes
2H, 6H, and 7H, explaining 73–85% of ISDMD phenotypic variation, while three QTLs on 2H and 7H were associated with variation
in PS and explained 58–77% of its variation. A major QTL on chromosome 2H tightly linked to the morphology-modifying gene
vrs1 was found to dramatically control 35–62% of the phenotypic variation of ISDMD and 26–53% of that of PS. The impact of the
vrs1 locus on ISDMD was validated in two populations representing different genetic backgrounds. Our results suggest that it may
also be advantageous to simultaneously overlap these QTLs around the vrs1 locus. 相似文献
56.
SUMMARY: A 5-year-old Thoroughbred mare presented with a 4 week history of weight loss, fever and leukopenia. Rectally, a large active foetus, thickened spleen and an abdominal mass were palpated. Leukopenia, mild anaemia, marked thrombocytopenia and hyperfibrinogenaemia were found. Cytology and cytochemical staining of a bone marrow aspirate supported a diagnosis of acute myelogenous leukaemia. The mare deteriorated despite medical therapy and was humanely euthanased. 相似文献
57.
58.
G. RE P. BADINO M. DACASTO F. DI CARLO C. GIRARDI 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1993,16(3):328-334
The effects of a 3-day intramuscular (i.m.) administration of clenbuterol (25 μ.g/ Kg), propranolol (12 mg/kg), clenbuterol (25 μg/kg) plus propranolol (12 mg/ Kg) and estradiol (0.5 μg) upon the female reproductive system were investigated in immature Sprague-Dawley rats. Clenbuterol and estradiol treatments induced a significant increase in uterus weight and in relative uterus weight, whereas in the groups treated with propranolol and clenbuterol plus propranolol no differences were detected versus controls. The uterine estrogen receptor levels were significantly increased by clenbuterol administration. In the rats dosed with propranolol and clenbuterol plus propranolol, no modifications occurred in estrogen receptor concentrations when compared with control values. Uterine progesterone receptors were never significantly affected by any of the considered treatments. Data obtained indicate that clenbuterol treatment induces an increase in uterus weight and in estrogen receptor levels and that these effects are regulated by acute beta-adrenergic stimulation, as the contemporaneous administration of high doses of a beta-blocker inhibit such effects. 相似文献
59.
Effects of selected herbicides and respiratory inhibitors on leakage from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cell suspension cultures were studied. Leakage was monitored by quantitation of fluorescein dye released from preloaded cells and by measuring conductivity changes in the suspension medium. The herbicides ioxynil, Barban, 2,4,5-T, MCPB, and PCP (10?6 to 10?4M) caused leakage of fluorescein dye and electrolytes within 2 hr of exposure to the herbicides. Potassium cyanide and 2,4-DNP caused appreciable leakage at the same concentrations. Similar responses were induced by anaerobiosis. Atrazine, metolachlor, paraquat, and nitrofen did not induce leakage when tested at concentrations of 10?6 to 10?4M. 相似文献
60.