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11.
Erica Sims Tasha Epp 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2021,62(5):477
The goal of this study was to establish a short list of zoonotic pathogens involving the domestic dog that can be prioritized for a companion animal surveillance program specific to the Prairie Provinces of Canada. A list of pathogens documented in dogs was created through a comprehensive review of infectious disease textbooks for the following taxonomical categories: bacteria, ectoparasites, fungi, helminths, protozoa, rickettsia, and viruses. This created an initial list of 594 pathogens that was then pared down through an extensive review of the literature using the following criteria: i) the pathogen is zoonotic/sapronotic/anthroponotic; ii) the dog is involved in transmission to humans, maintenance, or detection of the pathogen; and iii) there is a level of risk for occurrence of the pathogen in Canada. This process yielded a final list of 84 pathogens and 3 supplementary lists of canine zoonotic/sapronotic/anthroponotic pathogens that may become relevant to future surveillance programs. 相似文献
12.
The aim of the study was to elucidate the distribution and possible transmission routes of Toxocara spp. infection in Estonia. Out of 454 faecal and sand samples collected from park lawns and sandpits in the town of Tartu, 19 were Toxocara positive (4.2%). Out of the 45 sandpit samples 17.8% were Toxocara positive. Cat faeces was found in 21 sandpit samples. Parasitological necropsies were performed on 41 euthanised stray dogs and 27 cats in the Tallinn Dog Home. Additionally, 13 wild free-roaming brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) were captured from the Tallinn Dog Home territory, necropsied and studied for the presence of Toxocara larvae. Toxocara canis adults were found in 14.6% of the dogs and Toxocara cati (syn. mystax) adults in the small intestines of 48.2% of the cats examined. Larval infection was detected in the kidney and liver in 5 dogs (12.2%). Our study demonstrated only low-level larval Toxocara infections in adult dogs. Toxocara larvae were not found in cats and brown rats. According to the results of this study, cats more often carry Toxocara infection than dogs. Under our conditions, stray and free-roaming cats are the main contaminators of the environment with Toxocara eggs. Children playing in sandpits are the main risk group for larval toxocarosis. 相似文献
13.
Dhumeaux MP Snead EC Epp TY Taylor SM Carr AP Dickinson RM Leis ML 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2012,14(10):701-705
This study evaluated the effects of an anesthetic protocol using intravenous ketamine and midazolam, and intramuscular buprenorphine on hematologic variables in cats. Twelve healthy adult cats had blood collected for a complete blood count before and after the induction of anesthesia. There were significant decreases in red blood cell counts, hemoglobin concentrations and hematocrits after the induction of anesthesia. On average, red blood cell counts and hematocrits decreased by 25%, and hemoglobin concentrations decreased by 24%. Based on hematocrit, 3/12 samples (25%) taken while the cats were anesthetized would have been interpreted as belonging to anemic patients while none of the cats would have been considered anemic before anesthesia. This study suggests that a complete blood count performed on blood taken under anesthesia with this anesthetic protocol should be interpreted cautiously in order to not make a false diagnosis of anemia. 相似文献
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15.
Effects of oral selenium supplementation on mastitis markers and pathogens in Estonian cows 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Malbe M Klaassen E Kaartinen L Attila M Atroshi F 《Veterinary therapeutics : research in applied veterinary medicine》2003,4(2):145-154
The effects of selenium supplementation on mastitis parameters in milk and on glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels in blood were evaluated. Fifty-five Estonian dairy cows were allocated to selenium-supplemented (n=39) and nonsupplemented (n=16) groups. The supplemented group received 0.2 ppm organic selenium in the form of selenium yeast in their diet daily for 8 weeks. The nonsupplemented cows received their standard diet with no selenium supplementation. Mastitis parameters (i.e., bacteriologic findings and somatic cell count, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, and bovine serum albumin concentration) and GPx levels were monitored. The increase in the activity of GPx was significantly (P<.001) greater in selenium-supplemented cows than in nonsupplemented ones. Milk samples from each quarter were examined before and 8 weeks after initiation of the study. The proportion of quarters still pathogen-free after 8 weeks was significantly (P<.01; odds ratio [OR]=9.7) higher in selenium-supplemented cows than in nonsupplemented cows. However, when quarters milk-tested as pathogen-infected at the start of the study were reexamined after 8 weeks, there was no significant (P=.14; OR 3.6) difference in the proportion of pathogen-free quarters between selenium-supplemented cows and nonsupplemented cows. Differential positive rate (Youden's index) revealed that individual quarters were more prone to be infected by pathogens when the blood GPx activities in cows were below the cutoff value of 3.3 microkat/g hemoglobin than when GPx activity was above this value. It was concluded that selenium supplementation in cows with low GPx activity seems to support udder defense mechanisms that favor reduction of the incidence of new mastitis cases. 相似文献
16.
Djerassi C Lewis AL Altheide TK Varki A Arden K Varki NM Peekna A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,307(5716):1720-1721
17.
- The fisheries system of the US Virgin Islands (USVI) provided the opportunity to examine decision-making and to advise comparable fisheries throughout the tropics; it is well studied, thoroughly managed, and small in economic impact.
- To assess (multilevel modelling), evaluate (historical baselines and comparison of size frequency distributions), and explain (regression) the fisheries status synoptically, indicators of life history, ecological, and fishery traits were applied to a 26 year long and 104 species large port biosampling database.
- The fishery consists of stable, truncated, and overfished populations of exclusively K-selected fish species. In particular, 45 (46.9%) of 96 species show significant but not biologically meaningful trends in mean standardized length of fish caught during a period of 30 years. Yet, 93 (90.2%) of 103 species are subject to persistent growth and/or recruitment overfishing. Also, both biological and economic overfishing are positively, significantly, and largely related with the K-selected nature of these species.
- The results are corroborated by available contextual studies that demonstrate in synthesis the buffering effect of fisheries management. This employs various monitoring, regulatory, and enhancement tools to face its major challenges of data collection and quality improvement, local and regional environmental degradation from multiple anthropogenic and natural stressors, and non-compliance. Yet, there have been increasing trends in human population size, fishing effort, and total commercial landings, decreasing trends in the catch per unit of effort, changes in the relative composition of the catch during the last 40 years, and collapsed or on the verge of collapse fished species since the 1970s have not yet recovered.
- The USVI fisheries system would benefit from redesigning regulation of input and output controls and upgrading the environmental baseline using the ecosystem-based management approach.
18.
F. J. Marqués T. Epp D. Wilson A. J. Ruiz N. Tokateloff S. Manning 《Equine Veterinary Education》2011,23(5):249-254
The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence, severity and risk factors associated with oesophageal and nonglandular gastric lesions in Thoroughbred racehorses in active training in Saskatoon. Mature Thoroughbred horses (n = 94), stabled at Marquis Downs racetrack in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, and trained by different trainers (n = 14) for a minimum of one month were included in the study. Horses were examined by gastroscopy and a lesion grade was assigned for each individual horse. Of the 94 horses, 79 (84%) had nonglandular gastric lesions, 70 (74.5%) had gastric ulcers, giving a prevalence of 74.5%, and 9 out of 94 horses (9.6%) had hyperkeratosis and/or hyperaemia. None of the horses had oesophageal lesions. Gender, age, number of races raced, place obtained in those races, history of lameness, history of medical conditions, and history of medications in a 2 month period prior to the gastroscopic examination were not statistically significant as potential risk factors for the prevalence and severity of nonglandular gastric lesions. 相似文献
19.
Carbon and nitrogen dynamics in zero-water exchange shrimp culture as indicated by stable isotope tracers 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The uptake and assimilation of nitrogen and carbon by shrimp were measured in 1200 L mesocosms using stable isotope enrichments. Labels were added via 15N‐, 13C‐glycine and amino acid mixtures in feeds or as 15NH4+ to pond water. Label was incorporated into shrimp via algal growth indicating that up to 31% of nitrogen requirements were derived from pond ecosystem dynamics. This value is low in comparison with other shrimp aquaculture isotopic tracer studies but is probably due to differences in shrimp‐rearing conditions. Direct incorporation of the enriched feed label was low in shrimp muscle tissue (3.3% for 13C‐glycine, 5.9% for 15N‐glycine and 7.8% for 15N‐amino acid mixture). Mass balance calculations indicate the remaining shrimp biomass was derived from feed, but loss of label into solution during feeding led to underestimation based on tracers. Incorporation of isotopic labels into feed as large molecular weight proteinaceous or microencapsulated/fat‐coated compounds is recommended to prevent dissolution and loss. 相似文献
20.
Epp TL 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2007,48(5):519-521
A 4.5-month-old quarter horse colt was presented with severe right hind metatarsophalangeal varus, present since birth. On radiographs, it was determined that there was a 16 degree deviation with the pivot point at the distal physis of the 3rd metatarsal bone. A step ostectomy in the sagittal plane corrected the deformity. 相似文献