Serum amyloid A isoforms in serum and synovial fluid in horses with lipopolysaccharide-induced arthritis     

Jacobsen S  Niewold TA  Halling-Thomsen M  Nanni S  Olsen E  Lindegaard C  Andersen PH 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2006,110(3-4):325-330

The aim of the study was to determine the intraarticular serum amyloid A (SAA) response pattern in horses with inflammatory arthritis. Inflammatory arthritis was induced by injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into the radiocarpal joint of four horses. Serum and synovial fluid (SF) samples were collected before and at 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 144 h after injection. Concentrations of SAA were measured by immunoturbidometry, and expression of SAA isoforms was visualized by denaturing isoelectric focusing and Western blotting. The LPS injection caused systemic and local clinical signs of inflammation. Serum amyloid A appeared in serum and SF within 8 h after LPS injection. Isoelectric focusing showed three major SAA bands with apparent isoelectric points (pI) of 7.9, 8.6, and >9.3 in serum and SF. Synovial fluid contained two additional isoforms with highly alkaline apparent pI values (apparent pI value extrapolated from standard curve = 10.0 and 10.2), which were not present in any of the serum samples. In conclusion, intraarticular injection of LPS induced systemic and local inflammatory responses in the horses. By demonstrating SF-specific SAA isoforms the results of the present study suggest that SAA is synthesized locally in the equine inflamed joint, similar to what has been demonstrated in humans previously. The marked local SAA synthesis suggests an important pathophysiological role in inflammatory arthritis.  相似文献   

The Role of Communication in Improving Udder Health     

Jolanda Jansen  Theo J.G.M. Lam 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》2012

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A historical analysis of diversity trends in French and Dutch lettuce cultivars     

Mark van de Wouw  Rob van Treuren  Theo van Hintum 《Euphytica》2013,190(2):229-239

Using historical seed catalogues in combination with molecular fingerprinting data, diversity trends of lettuce, representing an important vegetable with active breeding programmes, were studied. Seed catalogues originating from France and the Netherlands from five different decades, the earliest dating from the 1840s, were checked for the occurence of lettuce cultivars. A total of 225 catalogues, with 7,311 records of lettuce, representing 878 different cultivars were found. The number of unique cultivars on offer by French and Dutch companies showed a small continuous increase until the 1960s, after which the number of cultivars on offer more than doubled to a total of 534 in the 1990s. Only a relatively small overlap between France and the Netherlands in the range of cultivars offered was observed. The 1960s appeared to be a period with many changes: the lowest genetic diversity in lettuce cultivars was found for this decade, whereas after the 1960s the number of companies supplying lettuce seeds reduced dramatically. The percentage of companies in a decade offering an identical cultivar decreased over time, and in the 1990s almost all cultivars were unique to only a single company. The possible relations of the observed trends with the developments in plant variety protection and in the plant breeding industry are discussed.  相似文献   

Comparative analysis of genetic diversity in Indian bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) using RAPD and ISSR markers for developing crop improvement strategies     

T.K. Behera  A.K. Singh  Jack.E. Staub 《Scientia Horticulturae》2008

A genetic analysis of 38 diverse Indian bitter gourd (Momordicacharantia var. charantia, and var. muricata) accessions was performed using 29 RAPD and 15 ISSR markers. RAPD primers yielded 208 amplicons of which 76 (36.5%) were polymorphic providing an average of 2.6 amplicons per primer. RAPD amplicons per primer ranged from 3 (OPE-19, OPW-09) to 15 (OPW-05), and varied in size from 200 bp to 3000 bp. Fifteen ISSR primers provided a total of 125 bands of which 94 (74.7%) were polymorphic. Polymorphic ISSR markers ranged from 0 (UBC-841) to 12 (UBC-890) providing a mean of 6.3 amplicons per primer that ranged in size from 150 bp to 2700 bp. Nevertheless, the concordance among bitter gourd accession groupings after cluster analysis was relatively high (r = 0.77), indicating that RAPD- and ISSR-based diversity assessments in this germplasm array were generally consistent. The M.charantia var. charantia (domesticated) and var. muricata (wild, free-living) accessions examined were genetically distinct, and these differences provided for the development of strategies for genetic analyses and crop improvement in this species.  相似文献   

Review: Resistance as a concomitant of modern crop protection     

Pierre A. Urech  Theo Staub  Günther Voss 《Pest management science》1997,51(3):227-234

This paper reviews the impact of resistance to fungicides and insecticides/acaricides on the way crop protection is practised. It is now clear that resistance can develop to virtually any crop-protection product, in any pest, fungal pathogen or even weed. As a limiting factor in crop protection, it is a fact of life. A positive side-effect is the precision with which products are used today, with increasing implementation of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programmes. This is a vital step towards sustainability. This paper describes: past experiences; current status of resistance; how resistance management influences current crop protection practices; regulatory aspects; and the outlook for the future. It concludes that EU regulations on resistance management must be simple and workable. Chemicals will continue to have a central role in optimising yields from the world's crops, as new tools, including biotechnology, become available for crop protection and resistance management. The crop-protection industry's innovations and product stewardship programmes will contribute to sustainable agriculture. This will provide continued benefits to users, the environment and society. ©1997 SCI  相似文献   

Towards F<Subscript>1</Subscript> Hybrid Seed Potato Breeding     

Pim Lindhout  Dennis Meijer  Theo Schotte  Ronald C. B. Hutten  Richard G. F. Visser  Herman J. van Eck 《Potato Research》2011,54(4):301-312

Compared to other major food crops, progress in potato yield as the result of breeding efforts is very slow. Genetic gains cannot be fixed in potato due to obligatory out-breeding. Overcoming inbreeding depression using diploid self-compatible clones should enable to replace the current method of out-breeding and clonal propagation into an F₁ hybrid system with true seeds. This idea is not new, but has long been considered unrealistic. Severe inbreeding depression and self-incompatibility in diploid germplasm have hitherto blocked the development of inbred lines. Back-crossing with a homozygous progenitor with the Sli gene which inhibits gametophytic self-incompatibility gave self-compatible offspring from elite material from our diploid breeding programme. We demonstrate that homozygous fixation of donor alleles is possible, with simultaneous improvement of tuber shape and tuber size grading of the recipient inbred line. These results provide proof of principle for F₁ hybrid potato breeding. The technical and economic perspectives are unprecedented as these will enable the development of new products with combinations of useful traits for all stakeholders in the potato chain. In addition, the hybrid’s seeds are produced by crossings, rendering the production and voluminous transport of potato seed tubers redundant as it can be replaced by direct sowing or the use of healthy mini-tubers, raised in greenhouses.  相似文献   

Effects of selective cutting and herbicide use in spring barley on seed production of Cirsium arvense     

Theo Verwijst  Varwi Jacob Tavaziva 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2017,67(6):562-570

A field experiment was performed in Sweden to evaluate the effect of herbicide treatment and selective cutting on the seed production of Cirsium arvense. Four treatments (control (C), selective cutting (S), early (H1) and late (H2) herbicide application) were laid out in a randomized block experiment. The field was sown with spring barley and contained a natural population of the weed. Treatments were first applied 2015 and repeated 2016. Changes in the number of seeds per flower receptacle and average seed weight were measured over time in 2016 from the onset of seed production until crop harvest. At harvest, number of shoots per area and cumulative numbers of flower receptacles, which had shed mature seeds over the season, were counted. These data were used to assess total seed production over the season. Treatment H2 led to a significantly decreased number of seeds per receptacle (49) compared to S (59), H1 (64) and C (67). Over time and treatment, number of seeds per flower receptacle was lowest in the second week (47) and increased over the third week to 69 in week four. Average weight per seed was about constant over time (0.91?mg) while H1 and S (0.63 and 0.78?mg, respectively) had lower seed weights compared to H2 and C (1.04 and 1.19?mg, respectively). Total seed production over the season in terms of number of seeds per square meter was greatly reduced by all treatments (5–20 seeds m^?2, or 3–14?mg?m^?2) compared to the control (6600 seeds m^?2, or 7800?mg?m^?2). We conclude that seed production of C. arvense is inhibited a thousand-fold and equally well by selective cutting as by early or late herbicide treatments.  相似文献   

Effects of far-red light/temperature DIF and far-red light/temperature pulse combinations on height of lily hybrids     

Theo Blom  David Kerec 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(2):278-282

Summary

Potted bulbs of ‘Nellie White’, ‘Sunray’ and ‘Stargazer’ representing three lily hybrids [Easter (Lilium longiflorum Thunb.), Asiatic and Oriental, respectively], were forced in a glass greenhouse under three lighting regimes namely, 8.h photoperiod (8 PP) by using blackout between 1600 hours and 0800 hours to eliminate twilight; 8 PP extended with 1.h of low intensity far-red radiation (9 PP) at the beginning of the dark period; or ambient. All three lighting regimes were in a greenhouse with either a +5°C or a -5°c DIF (= T_day ±T night ) regime, while maintaining the same 24.h temperature. In a second experiment, two cultivars of each of the three lily hybrids were also grown under the same three lighting regimes with a constant day/night temperature but with either a 15°cor 25°c pulse for 3.h from 1500–1800.hours to coincide with the far-red supplementation for 9 PP. Both experiments were done during the winter and repeated the following year. Within each DIF treatment, plants which received light containing far-red at the end and start of the day (ambient) or beginning of night (9 PP) were taller than those under short day (8 PP). Plants grown under either 8 PP or ambient were taller under +DIF than under -DIF, except when 8 PP was extended with 1.h of far-red, in which case plant height was the same for either DIF. ‘Nellie White’ reacted the strongest to far-red as well as to DIF followed by ‘Sunray’ and then ‘Stargazer’. For ‘Nellie White’, the stem dry weight was increased by far-red radiation at the beginning of the dark period compared with short day or ambient, while the opposite was found for the leaf and bulb dry weights. However, total dry weight of plant was not affected by either DIF or lighting treatment. In the second experiment, plant height was not significantly affected by an end of day temperature pulse of -5°c for either the 9 PP or ambient regimes compared with a +5°c pulse.  相似文献   

Babesias of red deer (Cervus elaphus) in Ireland     

Zintl A  Finnerty EJ  Murphy TM  de Waal T  Gray JS 《Veterinary research》2011,42(1):7

ABSTRACT: Blood samples were obtained from 38 wild red deer (Cervus elaphus) at two sites in Ireland and subjected to PCR analysis of the 18S rRNA gene followed by sequencing. Two fragments of the 18S rRNA gene were generated by two different PCR protocols and subsequent sequencing suggested that at least six of the deer were infected by a babesia that, in those loci, is indistinguishable from Babesia divergens, an important tick-borne pathogen of cattle and of zoonotic significance. Additionally, a B. odocoilei-like parasite was detected in three samples and a babesia that did not match any sequences in the GenBank database was found in five samples. Neither B. capreoli nor B. venatorum (EU1) were found. There have been several reports of B. divergens occurring in deer species, including red deer, roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and reindeer (Rangifer tarandus). However, in view of recent re-sequencing of bovine-origin samples deposited previously in GenBank, it is unlikely that any of these sequences from deer are B. divergens. The present study describes the only deer piroplasm detected so far that shows complete identity with B. divergens, in just over half of the 18S rRNA gene. The entire gene of this deer parasite should be analysed and transmission experiments undertaken before the infectivity of B. divergens for red deer can be confirmed.  相似文献   

Conceptual model and sensitivity analysis for simulating the extraction kinetics of soil washing     

Daniel C. W. Tsang  Theo C. M. Yip  Irene M. C. Lo 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2011,11(7):1221-1233

Purpose  

Most previous studies focused on the metal extraction efficiency of chelant-enhanced soil washing under various operational conditions; however, one of the keys to cost-effective field application is to maintain a high throughput rate (i.e., short washing time) while achieving the treatment objectives. Therefore, this study presented a conceptual model for simulating the kinetic extraction of heavy metals and evaluated its sensitivity analysis to the predetermined parameter values in five soils with different initial metal distributions.  相似文献