The effect of exogenous purine supply on the endogenous excretion of purine derivatives in the urine of growing lambs     

Tsutomu FUJIHARA  Martin N. SHEM  Tohru MATSUI 《Animal Science Journal》2006,77(6):582-586

An experiment was made to determine the absorption of purine metabolites in dietary nucleic acids through the digestive tract, and also to determine the utilization of nucleic acids absorbed in the body, using growing lambs. Two pairs of 120‐ and 180‐day‐old twin female lambs with a bodyweight of 18.2–19.0 kg were kept in metabolism crates and fed on purine‐free milk replacement (MR) with supplements of exogenous purine (purine base or purine nucleoside) at a level of 0.2 mmol/BW^0.75/d for 5 consecutive days, and thereafter they were maintained in the crates for 4 days. The daily amount of exogenous purine supply was calculated based on the urinary excreted purine derivatives (PD) in lambs fed on milk replacement alone. A urine sample was collected daily for 9 consecutive days, and the urinary excretion of PD was determined daily. Urinary PD excretion opened to increase within 24 h after the dose of purine bases, and the level was recovered on 3 days after ceasing the exogenous purine supply. The recovery of PD in the urine was about 70% of the purine supplement. When purine nucleosides were added to the feed, urinary PD excretion was initiated within 24 h after dosing, and the values were recovered after ending the purine nucleoside supply. The recovery rate of PD in the urine was only 30% of the supplemented purine. The plasma allantoin levels were almost similar after feeding purine bases and purine nucleosides, and the values were mostly in the range (40–60 µmol/L). These findings indicate that an exogenous purine can be directly incorporated into the body, and the purine as nucleoside is more effectively utilized for the synthesis of nucleic acids than as a purine base in the body of growing lambs.  相似文献   

The genetic structure of populations of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Turnip mosaic virus</Emphasis> in Kyushu and central Honshu,Japan     

Yasuhiro Tomitaka  Tohru Yamashita  Kazusato Ohshima 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2007,73(3):197-208

The genetic structure of the populations of Turnip mosaic virus in Kyushu and central Honshu, Japan was assessed. The host specificity of isolates was determined, and their gene sequences compared utilizing a population genetic approach. Phylogenetic analysis of partial sequences revealed that 32 of 49 Honshu isolates (65%) collected during 1997–2001 belonged to the basal-BR group as did 23 of 64 isolates from Kyushu. All these basal-BR isolates infected both Brassica and Raphanus plants. However, analyses of the positions of recombination sites in five regions of the genome (one third of the full sequence) showed that at least four intra-lineage recombinants were present in these populations. These analyses showed that Kyushu and Honshu shared none of these subpopulations, and genetically distinct basal-BR populations were present in the two districts. We conclude that different basal-BR subpopulations had expanded into those districts. The nucleotide sequences are deposited in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases under accession numbers AB267281-AB267376.  相似文献   

Histo-and Cytochemical Studies on the Distribution of Acetylcholinesterase-positive Nerve Fibers in the Goat Adrenal Gland     

Tohru  Watanabe  Kohzy  Hiramatsu  Yasushige  Ohmori Young-Ki  Paik 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》1990,19(3):245-254

The distribution patterns of acetylcholine esterase positive nerve fibers in the goat adrenal gland is described. Some positive cells are observed within the capsule. Terminals were identified in both the medulla and the cortex of the gland.  相似文献   

Erratum to: Regulation effect of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phyllostachys pubescens</Emphasis> methanol extractives on growth of seed plants     

Jun Mu  Tohru Uehara  Takeshi Furuno 《Journal of Wood Science》2007,53(1):85-85

Due to a processing error, first author's name is missing in the HTML version of this article abstract page. The correct authors are given below: Jun Mu, Tohru Uehara, Takeshi Furuno The online version of the original article can be found at  相似文献   

Termite repellent sesquiterpenoids from Callitris glaucophylla heartwood     

Yasutaka Watanabe  Rie Mihara  Tohru Mitsunaga  Tsuyoshi Yoshimura 《Journal of Wood Science》2005,51(5):514-519

Fractions of methanol and ethanol extracts from the heartwood of white cypress pine (Callitris glaucophylla Thompson et Johnson) were investigated for their repellent activity against subterranean termite Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki worker using a two-choice semicircular filter paper test at 0.5% (w/w) concentration. Fraction CY-E2 composed of (−)-citronellic acid, guaiol, α-, β-, and γ-eudesmol isomers as well as an unknown compound, showed the highest statistically significant repellency (97.8% ± 2.2 SEM) of all fractions tested. Bioactivity-guided fractionations using high-performance liquid chromatography led to the isolation of two, oxygenated eudesmane-type sesquiterpenes with α-methylene moieties, both termite-repellent compounds. These compounds were subsequently identified as ilicic acid methyl ester (IAME) and costic acid by means of spectroscopic analyses, electron impact mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We report the isolation of both IAME and costic acid from C. glaucophylla heartwood for the first time. Part of this paper was presented at the 47th Symposium on the Chemistry of Terpenes, Essential Oils, and Aromatics, Tokyo, November 2003  相似文献   

Effect of board density on bending properties and dimensional stabilities of MDF-reinforced corrugated particleboard     

Koji?HayashiEmail author  Masaharu?Ohmi  Hiroshi?Tominaga  Kiyoharu?Fukuda 《Journal of Wood Science》2003,49(5):398-404

We investigated the bending properties of composite boards produced by reinforcing both sides of corrugated particleboard with medium-density fiberboard (MDF). Thickness swelling and linear expansion (LE) were measured to assess the dimensional stabilities of the composite board. Although the apparent density of the composite board was 0.48g/cm³, its strength was found to be equivalent to that of 18-type particleboard as described in JIS A 5908. The boards parallel/perpendicular anisotropy in strength was 0.9. The modulus of rupture (MOR) of the composite board increased with board density only up to a certain density, beyond which the MOR was constant. On the other hand, the thickness swelling of both corrugated particleboard and the composite board was smaller than that of flat-type particleboard, satisfying the JIS A 5908 standard of 12%. Linear expansion (soaking in water of ordinary temperature for 24h) of corrugated particleboard was 0.7%–0.9% in the parallel direction and 2.1%–3.1% in the perpendicular direction; hence, anisotropy in linear expansion existed in the corrugated particleboard. The linear expansion of the composite board was 0.6%–0.9% in the parallel direction and 1.8%–2.5% in the perpendicular direction. Although the LE of the composite board was lower than that of corrugated particleboard, it is necessary to improve the LE of composite board for practical use.  相似文献   

Effect of quercetin derivatives on melanogenesis stimulation of melanoma cells     

Tohru Mitsunaga  Kosei Yamauchi 《Journal of Wood Science》2015,61(4):351-363

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The sex determining gene of medaka: a Y-specific DM domain gene (DMY) is required for male development     

Masaru Matsuda  Yoshitaka Nagahama  Tohru Kobayashi  Chika Matsuda  Satoshi Hamaguchi  Mitsuru Sakaizumi 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2003,28(1-4):135-139

Although the sex-determining gene Sry has been identified in mammals, no comparable genes have been found in non-mammalian vertebrates. To clone positionally the sex-determining region of the medaka, Oryzias latipes, we generated a Y congenic strain to highlight the genetic differences between the X and Y chromosomes from inbred strains of medaka. We used recombinant breakpoint analysis and deletion analysis of the Y chromosome of a congenic XY female to restrict the sex-determining region to 250-kb stretch of the Y chromosome. Shotgun sequencing of this region predicted 27 genes. Three of these genes were expressed during sexual differentiation. However, only one gene was Y specific. The full-length cDNA sequence of this gene encodes a putative protein of 267 amino acids, including the highly conserved DM domain. We thus named it DMY. To establish a role for DMY during sexual differentiation, we screened wild medaka populations for naturally occurring DMY mutants. Two XY females with distinct mutations in DMY were found in separate populations. The first heritable mutant – a single insertion in exon 3 and the subsequent truncation of DMY – resulted in all XY female offspring. Similarly, the second XY mutant female showed reduced DMY expression with a high proportion of XY female offspring. Furthermore, during normal development, DMY is expressed only in somatic cells of XY gonads. These findings strongly suggest that the sex-specific DMY is required for normal testicular development and is a prime candidate for the medaka sex-determining gene.  相似文献   

The effects of human disturbance on a stingless bee community in a tropical rainforest     

Hiromitsu Samejima  Marfaizal Marzuki  Teruyoshi Nagamitsu  Tohru Nakasizuka 《Biological conservation》2004,120(4):577-587

Human disturbance of tropical rainforests may change pollinator communities indirectly as a result of changes in resource availability. We studied the mechanisms by which human disturbance affects a community of major pollinators, stingless bees, in Sarawak, Malaysia. We surveyed forest structure and flowering activity, and conducted a nest census and a bait-trap survey of stingless bees, both in primary forests and in forests disturbed by logging and shifting cultivation. The densities of late successional trees and large trees (diameter at breast height >50 cm) were higher in the primary forests than in the disturbed forests. The density of flowering trees was lower one year after logging, but recovered in old disturbed forests because of the active flowering of pioneer trees that became established after the disturbance. Stingless bees nest only in large trees, and nest density was positively correlated with the density of large trees. However, we found no relationship between the numbers of foragers and floristic parameters. Some species preferred nesting in dipterocarps, while others preferred dead trees. The results of the bait-trap survey also indicated that some species were abundant in the primary forests, whereas other species were abundant in the disturbed forests. These results suggest that human disturbance alters the species composition of the stingless bee community. Such changes in the bee community may affect the reproductive success of plants, and ultimately forest composition.  相似文献   

Heterogeneity of neutral phosphate buffer extractable soil organic matter     

Kae MIYAZAWA  Tohru MURAYAMA 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2007,53(1):1-6

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